高三英语高考阅读表达 一轮基础专题篇课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,（,2009,山东）,阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请,注意问题后的词数要求）。,1,Hello.Its,one of the first words we learn,as,babies,yet,its one of the last ones we think to use as,adults.Thats,unfortunate,because,saying hello is more than just saying helloit is recognition of anothers,worth.How,might the world changehow might we changeif we mastered this,word?To,find,out,I,spent one,四、阅读表达,month saying hello to every person I,met.Heres,what Ive learned.,2,It can boost(,促进,),productivity.In,one of the few studies ever done on this subject,Allan,Allday,an,assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State,University,had,middle school teachers greet their students individually each,morning.This,exchange of greetings raised the kids,productivity.School,went from impersonal to,personal,and,that resulted in more class participation and better grades.,3,Environments influence,friendliness.One,study found that people in the city were less,likely to shake hands with a stranger than those,in the,countryside.And,researchers,say,pleasant,environments generally encourage more smiles,and hellos than unpleasant,ones.My,experience,was,similar.,Whatever,the,reason,my,urban hellos,were answered far less often than my rural ones.,Similarly,people,in vacation,spots,like,the Jersey,Shore,were,far friendlier than those hurrying to,work downtown.,4,Its a form of universal health insurance.,Its impossible to say hello without,smiling.And,smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure,relieve stress and boost,happiness.Apparently,a,smile creates a similar effect in the recipient(,接,受者,).,5,So maybe we can make the world a better,place by,.After a month of doing,it,I,feel,lighter and more connected and I have a better,sense of well-being.,1.What does the author say about the adults,a,ccording,to Paragraph 1?(Please answer,within 8 words.),Adults are not willing to say hello./Adults,seldom say hello.,2.Which sentence in the text is the closest in,meaning to the following one?,Teachers and students got friendlier so that,the students became more active in learning,and scored higher in tests.,School went from impersonal to,personal,and,that resulted in more class participation and,better grades.,3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper,words.(Please,answer within 5 words.),saying hello to each other/greeting each other/,saying hello,4.List three effects of smiling on health accord-,ing,to the,text.(Please,answer within 8 words.),（,1,）,lowering blood pressure,（,2,）,relieving,stress,（,3,）,boosting happiness,5.Translate the underlined sentence in,Paragr,-,aph,3 into Chinese.,不管出于什么原因，我在城里打招呼得到的回应比,在乡村少得多。,2,（,2008,山东）,阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请,注意问题后的词数要求）。,1,The word addiction usually makes you,think of alcohol or,drugs,but,in modern-day,society we are seeing some new kinds of,addic,-,tions.Some,people are compulsive(,难以自制的,),shoppers.Others,find it impossible to pull them-,selves away from their,work.Still,others spend,countless hours watching TV or playing,computer games.,2,Over the,years,shopping,has become a,very common,activity.Many,people enjoy going,to stores more and more every,day,but,its more than a common hobby for some of them.They have turned into,shopaholics.They,are people who simply enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing,it.,They,are hooked on shopping and usually buy things that they dont,need,.Even,though they dont have enough,money,they,buy everything they want.,3,The question,is,why,do they have this,addiction?There,isnt a specific,answer.Some,people go shopping when they are,sad,worried,upset or lonely and they want to feel,better.They,use this activity as a way to forget their,problems.Shopaholics,say that they feel more,important and better after they buy something.,They also tend to have this addiction when they,feel guilty.,4,Shopaholism,seems to be a harmless,addictionbut,it can,.Some of them can be,psychological.If,this is the,case,people,addicted,to shopping should go to a support group to,help them break this,habit.However,the,process,like for most,addictions,is,long,and,they suffer a,lot.It,can also cause financial,problems.They,just think about satisfying their,feelings,so,they,spend money they dont,have.They,get deep in,debt,and,they can even go bankrupt and get,sentto,prison.,6.List three activities that might develop into,addictions based on the,text.(Please,answer,within 8 words.),(1)shopping/drinking (2)playing computer,games/working (3)watching TV/taking drugs,7.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?(Please,answer within 8 words.),The reasons why some people/,shopaholics,have shopping addiction./The possible reasons,for,shopaholism,/shopping addiction,.,8.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper,words.(Please,answer within 6 words.),cause/bring about/result in many problems,9.Which sentence in the text is the closest in,meaning to the following one?,Accordingly,these,shopaholics,should turn to a,certain organization for help so that they can,stop compulsive shopping.,If this is the,case,people,addicted to shopping,should go to a support group to help them,break this habit.,10.Translate the underlined sentence in,Paragraph 2 into Chinese.,他们购物成瘾，而且通常买的都是用不着的东西。,/,他们购物上瘾，常买些不需要的东西。,阅读表达题型考查考生用英语理解文章、组织语,言、恰当表达的能力，将阅读与写作融为一体。这使,考生能够展示个性发展和思维的多样性与开放性，对,考生用英语思维和表达的能力提出了更高的要求。试,题要求根据一篇不少于,200,词左右的短文，从不同角,度考查五个问题。这五个问题要求同学们在阅读文章,的基础上，用自己的语言把所理解的信息，准确无误,地表达出来。做此类题应当：,一、在阅读文章时，要注意训练概括文章主旨和,归纳标题的能力。概括主旨时应首先通读全文，通过,阅读，了解作者写这篇文章的真正目的。要准确理解,文章大意，把握作者的观点、态度、语气和文章的内,容要点、层次结构等，为回答问题做好准备。试题的,回答通常要求字数比较少，所以语言要精辟、简洁，,答案要符合题干的要求，能概括出文章大意或作者写,作意图。关键词往往出现在文章的开头或结尾，也有,部分文章需要我们通读全文后才能找到关键词。,二、补全句子题是在深刻理解文意及上下文结构,的基础上完成的。平时阅读文章时要多关注上下句或,段落之间的一些起过渡作用的成分。同时，还要注意,问题所在句子的句式结构和语法特征。比如，要看是,否符合某种特定的句型，句子中有没有表示并列、转,折、递进意义的提示词等。,三、针对主观性试题，考生在日常学习中应从语,篇理解、作者写作意图揣测等方面入手，注重培养归,纳概括能力。可以通过写读后记、读后感或缩写、改,写文章等方法进行操练。,四、多做些长难句翻译练习。从理解句子结构入,手，结合上下文语境，运用多种翻译技巧进行翻译，,译文要符合汉语表达习惯。翻译题的答案表述应该遵,循如下几条原则：,1.,忠实于题干。做阅读表达题，审,清题干是前提。题干中往往包含了答题的具体要求和,一些答题信息。,2.,忠实于原文。阅读表达题的答案都,是根据文章的具体内容设计的。问题的答案在文中都,有表述，应该在原文中寻找，切忌脱离原文，凭空回,答。,3.,忠实于语言规则。答案表述要依据题干要求和,文中信息作答，做到要点全面，内容精确，用词准,确，语言简洁，字数不超过规定字数。忌“隐”、“晦”,、“曲”，忌片面、笼统、烦琐，忌出现语病。,主旨概括题以偏概全，叙述不准,Many people who work in London prefer to,live outside,it,and,to go to their,offices,factories,or schools every day by,train,car,orbus,even,though this means they have to get up earlier in,the morning and reach home later in the evening.,One advantage of living outside London is that,houses are,cheaper.Even,a small flat in London,without a garden costs quite a lot to,rent.With,the,same,money,one,can get a little house in the,country with a garden of ones,own.Besides,in,the,country one can live away house in the country,with a garden of ones own.,Besides,in,the,coun,-,try one can live away from the noise and hurry of,the,town.Even,though one has to get up earlier,and spend more time on trains or,buses,one,can,have a better sleep at night and during,weekends.On,summer,evenings,one,can enjoy,the fresh and clean,air.If,one likes,gardens,one,can spend his free time digging,planting,water-,ing,and doing other jobs which are needed in a,garden.When,the flowers and vegetables come,up,one,has a chance to share the secrets of,nature.,Q:Whats,the best title for this,passage?(Plea,-,se answer within 10 words.),考生在做标题归纳题时，往往不知道如何分析材料，无法从繁多信息中筛选出有效信息，得出正确答案。在表述上语言不精炼，叙述繁冗拖沓，模棱两可，不能准确描述出文章大意。,【,解题探究,】,本文一开始就提出,“,在伦敦工作的人宁愿早起晚归，往返于伦敦与郊区之间,”,这个观点，总领了全文。第二段中的,“,One advantage of living outside London.,”,“,Besides,in,the country one can live away from the noise and hurry of the town.,”,以及后面的其他关键信息提示考生，本文主要阐述了住在伦敦郊区,给人们带来的好处和乐趣。因此我们可以得出此题答案应为,“,Why People Working,inLondon,Prefer Living Outside It?/Advantages of Living Outside London,”,。英语文章的标题应该简洁明了。在归纳标题时要注意以下几点：,1.,贵精炼，忌冗繁；,2.,贵具体，忌抽象、空洞；,3.,贵达意，忌文不对题；,4.,贵宏观把握，大处着眼，忌一叶障目，不见泰山。,补全句子题脱离语境，想当然地解答,Its widely believed that natural,disasters,a,growing demand for food,worldwide,coupled,with market speculation,（投机买卖）,surging,（飞,涨）,oil prices and the expansion of,biofuels,are,pushing the food price up.,The UN Environment Program said the plan-,ets,water,land,air,plants,animals,and fish were all in“continuous,decline”.According,to the UNs World Food Program(WFP),57 countries,include-,ing,29 in Africa,19 in Asia and 9 in Latin America,have been hit by serious floods.Harvests,have been affected by drought and heat waves,in south,Asia,Europe,China,Sudan,Mozambique,and Uruguay.,A growing population also,greater,dem,-,and for,food.According,to,Josette,Sheeran,dire,-,ctor,of the,WFP,“There,are 854 million hungry people in the world and 4 million more join their ranks every year.”,“We are facing the tightest food supplies in,recent,history.For,the worlds most vulnerable,food is simply being priced out of their reach,”,he said.,According to Japans Economist magazine,after the U.S.,subprime,mortgage crisis,（次贷危,机）,a huge amount of funds has flowed into the,less risky agricultural commodities,（商品）,market,pushing,food price up along with,oil,gold,and other commodities.High oil prices and the promotion of,biofuels,in many developed countries have further caused the increase of food,price.The,expen-sive,oil has raised the cost of farm production in its various,phases,such,as crop growth and product transportation.,Biofuels,directly consume,crops.Some,developed countries have encouraged the use,and production of,biofuels,in recent years in,order to reduce greenhouse gas pollution and,dependence on oil,imports.The,direct effect is,the reduction of food for,humans,pushing,the,price up.,Q:Please,fill in the blank in the third,parag,-,raph,with a proper phrase to complete the,sentence.(Please,answer within 5 words.),考生做补全句子题时常犯的错误是忽略上下文语境，没弄清文章层次就匆忙做题，所得答案文不对题或与上下文脱节。另外，考生在答题时，还常常忽略题干中的关于答案词数的限制，导致答案词数过多。,【,解题探究,】,综观全文可知，自然灾害、不断增长的,食物需求、与之相随的市场投机买卖、石油价格的飞,涨、植物燃料需求的扩大等使得世界面临日益严重的,粮食危机。第一段是概说，其余几段是具体说明。第,三段提到不断增长的人口是食物需求扩大的原因。根,据空缺处句子的结构可知，此处为句子的谓语部分，,表示,“,导致带来,”,之意，故应填,contributes to/,Leads to/results in,。,做此类题时应注意：,1.,准确理解文章大意，把握作者的写作思路，不能偏,离主题；,2.,注意句式、语法结构和文章的层次结构；,3.,依据文中起过渡作用的词或短语，分析所缺信息及,其与上下文的关系；,4.,注意题干的词数限制。,主观性试题词不达意，逻辑混乱,A new study has found that a fat cell gene,may reduce the risk of colon cancer in some,people.The,study provides what scientists say is the first evidence of a genetic link between a fat cell gene and colon,cancer.The,research could lead to better tests for the disease as well as measures to help prevent it.,Current evidence suggests a relationship,between,obesity,insulin,resistance and colon,cancer,risk.The,scientists say what they have,found now is an area of a gene that is connected,with the cancer,risk.They,say this area is most,likely not the cause of the,disease,but,they think,it is where the connection comes from.,The gene is involved in the formation of a hormone called,adiponectin.Some,people have,higher levels of this hormone in their blood.,Others have lower,levels.Higher,levels have been,linked with lower rates of obesity and insulin,resistance.And,lower levels have been linked,with higher rates.,The Journal of the American Medical Assoc-,iation,published the new findings last,week.Boris,Paschefrom the Comprehensive Cancer Center,at the University of Alabama at Birmingham led,the research.,Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of,cancer,deaths.Every,year it kills almost six,hun,-,dred,eighty thousand people around the world.,And doctors find more than one million new,cases each,year.The,disease is highly treatable,if discovered early.,The research involved two studies with a total,of about one thousand five hundred,people.The,larger of the two studies involved New Yorkers of,Ashkenazi Jewish,ancestry.Colon,cancer is more,common in Jews of eastern European ancestry,than in the general,population.The,other study,involved people of different ethnicities from,Chicago,Illinois,.,Currently,in,the United,States,the,general,advice is for colonoscopy,（结肠镜检查）,tests for,colon cancer to begin at the age of,fifty.A,colon-,oscopy,can find and remove growths before they,become,cancerousBut,the test is invasive and,can be uncomfortable.,A study last month in the,New England Jour-,nal,of Medicine,expressed support for a test,called a virtual,colonoscopy.It,uses X-ray and,computer technology to search for,growths,but,cannot remove,them.There,are still some,ques,-,tions,about the effectiveness of a virtual,colonoscopy compared to a traditional,one.But,doctors hope it might appeal to people who,would otherwise not be tested at all.,Q:Do,you think the new research is practical,and,useful?Why?(Please,answer within 30,words.),考生解答主观性试题时容易犯以下错误：,1.,忽视答案的层次性，叙述繁冗，表意不清；,2.,语言表达不准确，不规范缺乏逻辑性；,3.,有时会有语法错误。,【,解题探究,】,根据题干可知，此题有两问，答案也应当分为两个部分。第一部分回答前面的一般疑问句，第二部分回答具体原因。根据文章第一段最后一句“,The research could lead to better tests for the disease as well as measures to help prevent it.”,及文章后面几段的描述可知，此种研究方式虽然,还存在一些疑问，但是却比以往的有效，而且有助于结肠癌的治疗。所以答案应为“,Yes,I,think,so.Although,there are some questions about its,effectiveness,it,is still useful because people can have a better test and treatment with it.”,做此类题时应注意：,1.,语言表达要简洁、明了；,2.,书写要清晰整洁；,3.,答案应忠实于文章内容，关键信息不能有遗漏，,不能凭空增加多余信息。,句子逐字翻译，不符合汉语的习惯表达,Called“The School of the Future”and created,with the help of software giant,Microsoft,a,recently-opened public school in Philadelphia,US,is,believed to be the first in the world to combine innovative teaching methods with the latest,technology.At,this,school,students,work on wireless,laptops,teachers,eschew traditional,subjects for real-world topics and parents can,track their childrens work on the Internet.,The,school,which,costs the school authority,$63 million to,build,is,free and has no entrance,exams.The,170 ninth-grade students were,selected at random from 1,500 applicants.,Philadelphia School District Chief Executive,Paul,Vallas,told students they would be observed,by other schools around the,world.“You,have,become instant role,models,”Vallas,said.“People,are going to be watching you.”,Students still sit in,classrooms,but,lessons,rely heavily on information found on the Internet,and on interactive,software.Students,will be,allowed to learn at their own,pace.Homework,is,done on computer and sent to the teachers for,grading and parents can access the schools,network to read teachers feedback on their,childrens progress.,Traditional education fails to teach students,the skills of problem-,solving,critical,thinking,and effective,communication,which,they need to,succeed in the 21st,century,Principal,Shirley,Grover said in an,interview,.“Its,not about memo-,rizing,certain algebraic equations,（代数方程式）,and then presenting them in a,test,”Grover,said.,“,Its about thinking how,maths,might be used to,solve water quality problems or how it might be,used to determine whether or not we are safe in,Philadelphia from the bird flu.”,David Terry,14,said he was hoping to“turn,over a new leaf”after discipline problems in his,previous school left him with an“average to,really bad”academic,record.“This,is a great,opportunity for me,”he,said.“In,other,schools,I,would not find study so in