高三英语高考语法复习系列课件：冠词数词 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考语法复习系列十,冠 词,冠词考点及复习要点,冠词的考查是当前各地高考考卷中的热点，是我们复习中的重点之一。冠词的考查以固定结构和习惯用语为主，结合考查一些基本规则。所以我们在复习中要注重教材中的语言点的整理，同时对下面的冠词规则也要引起重视。,1,、不定冠词的用法比较；,2,、定冠词的习惯用法；,3,、零冠词的用法；,4,、在习惯用语中冠词的用法；,不定冠词的用法,考题点击,1,The,Wilsons,live in _ A-shaped house near the coast.It is _ 17,th,century cottage.,（,04,浙江）,A.the,/B.an,the C./,the D.an,a,D,该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢,A,型房子里，那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处都表示“一幢“，,A-shaped,是元音开头，该用,an,；而,seventeenth,是辅音开头，所以该用,a,。,考题点击,2,Mrs.Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes.,（,05,浙江卷）,A,a;a B,an;the C,an;a D,the;a,C,“,Taylor,夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁的女儿，她已经两次获得全国大奖了。,”,eight,是元音开头，所以该用,an,；而后面的,have a gift for,为一短语，表示“在,方面有天赋”，故答案为,C,。,冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词（,the Definite Article,），另一种是不定冠词（,the Indefinite Article,），还有一种是零冠词（,Zero Article,）。不定冠词,a(an),与数词,one,同源，是,“,一个,”,的意思。a,用于辅音音素前，而,an,则用于元音音素前。,1),表示,一个,，意为,one,；指某人或某物，意为,a,certain,。,A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.,2),代表一类人或物。,A knife is a tool for cutting with.,Mr.Smith is an engineer.3),词组或成语。,a little/a few/a lot/a type of/a pile/a great many/many a/as a rule/in a hurry/in a minute/in a word/in a short while/after a while/have a cold/have a try/keep an eye on/all of a sudden,定冠词的用法,考题点击,1,As a rule,domestic servants doing odd jobs are,paid _.,（,04,上海春季）,A.by the hour B.by hour,C.by an hour D.by hours,A,“,按小时付费”，以及其它用来表示“按,计算”都需用介词,by,加,the,加单位名词来表示，如：,by the day;by the,jin,;by the pound;by the dozen,。但需注意：,size;weight;time;length,等名词并不表示单位，所以不需加,the,。,考题点击,2,On May 5,2005,at _World Table Tennis,Championship,Kong,Linghui,and Wang,Hao,won,the gold medal in mens doubles with _,score of 4:1.(05,江苏卷,),A.a;a B.,不填,;the C.a;,不填,D.the;a,D,“,the World Table Tennis Championship”,是由普通名词构成的专有名词，用来表示一个机构名称。这类名词前都要加,the,。“,with a score of 4:1”,表示“以,4:1,的比分”，是一个介词短语结构。,考题点击,3,This book tells _ life story of John Smith,who left _ school and worked for a newspaper,at the age of 16.,（,05,辽宁卷）,A,the;the B,a;the C,the;,不填,D,a;,不填,C,“,这本书讲的是,John Smith,的人生故事”，是特指的，所以必须用,the,。,“,leave school”,表示“毕业”，不用冠词。类似的用法还有：,finish school;in class;at church;go to school,等。,定冠词,the,与指示代词,this,，,that,同源，有,“,那（这）个,”,的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。,1,）特指双方都明白的人或物：,Take the medicine.,把药吃了。,2,）上文提到过的人或事：,He bought a house.,Ive been to the house.,他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。,3,）指世上独一物二的事物：,the sun,，,the sky,，,the moon,，,the earth,4,）与单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：,the dollar,美元,;,the fox,狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类,人：,the rich,富人,;the living,生者。,5,）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词,only,，,very,，,same,等前面：,Where do you live?,I live on the second floor.,你住在哪？我住在二层。,Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.,那正是我要找的东西。,6,）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：,They are the teachers of this school.,指全体教师,),They are teachers of this school.,(,指部分教师,),7,）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位,的名词前：,She caught me by the arm.,她抓住了我的手臂。,8,）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团,体、阶级、等专有名词前：,the Peoples Republic of China,中华人民共和国,the United States,美国,9,）用在表示乐器的名词之前：,She plays the piano.,她会弹钢琴。,10),用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：,the Greens,格林一家人,(,或格林夫妇,),11),用在表示“度量衡”之类的名词前：,Apples are sold by the pound.,但要注意在,time,weight,length,等名词前不加,the,。,12),用在惯用语中：,in the day,in the morning(afternoon,，,evening),；,the day after tomorrow,；,the day before yesterday,；,the next morning,；,in the sky(water,，,field,，,country),；,in the dark,；,in the rain,；,in the distance,；,in the middle(of),；,in the end,；,on the whole,；,by the way,；,go to the theatre,零冠词的用法,考题点击,1,If you go by _ train,you can have quite a comfortable journey,but make sure you get _ fast one.,（,05,全国卷,3,）,A,the;theB,不填；,a,C,the;a D,不填；不填,B,在由介词,by,加表示交通方式的名词短语中，不用冠词。但如果,by,不表示交通方式，而表示地理位置，就需要加冠词了。如：,by sea,乘船；,by the sea,在海边,考题点击,2,It is often said that _ teachers have _,very easy life.(05,北京卷,),A.,不填；不填,B.,不填；,a,C.the,不填,D.the,a,B,teachers,是复数名词，用来表示类属，不加冠词。只有在特定范围内的复数名词前才加冠词。“,have a life”,是一个习惯短语，表示“过着,的生活”。,考题点击,3,The warmth of _ sweater will of course,be determined by the sort of _wool used.,（,01,全国）,A.the;the B.the;/C./;the D./;/,B,sweater,的保暖性能取决于使用哪一种类型的羊毛。,the,加单数名词,sweater,表示一种类型；而羊毛是物质名词，表示类属的物质名词不加冠词。,1,）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：,England,，,Mary,；,2,）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定,冠词；,They are teachers.,他们是教师。,3,）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；,Failure is the mother of success.,失败乃成功之母,4,）物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；,Man cannot live without water.,人离开水就无法生存。,5,）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示,时间的名词之前，不加冠词；,We go to school from Monday to Friday.,我们从星期一到星期五都上课。,6,）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词；,The guards took the American to General Lee.,士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。,7,）在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加,冠词 如：,have breakfast,，,play chess,但如果三餐饭的名词前有形容词修饰，则需要加,冠词。如：,have a big breakfast,8,）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；,I cant write without pen or pencil.,没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。,9,）当,by,与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，,中间无冠词；,by bus,，,by train,；,10,）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：,school,，,college,，,prison,，,market,，,hospital,，,bed,，,table,，,class,，,town,，,church,，,court,等个体名词，直,接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；,go to hospital,去医院看病,go to the hospital,去医院,(,并不一定去看病,),11),不用冠词的序数词；,a.,序数词前有物主代词,b.,序数词作副词,He came first in the race.,c.,在固定词组中,at(the)first,first of all,from first to last,12,）在复习过程中注意不带冠词的短语和习惯用语。,13,）特别注意加冠词和不加冠词的意义区别。如：,go to hospital-go to the hospital,at table-at the table,in charge of-in the charge of,out of question-out of the question,不定冠词的位置,考题点击,1,_ role she played in the film!No wonder she,has won an Oscar.(2002,上海春,),A.How interesting B.How an interesting,C.What interesting D.What an interesting,D,不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下列形容词之后：,such,，,what,，,many,，,half,如：,I have never seen such an animal.,Many a man is fit for the job.,考题点击,2,We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003,上海,),A.a rush so anxious B.a such anxious rush,C.so an anxious rush D.such an anxious rush,D,当名词前的形容词被副词,as,so,too,how,however,enough,修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：,It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.,So short a time.,Too long a distance.,还需注意下面三个问题：,1,、,quite,，,rather,与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当,rather,，,quite,前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：,quite a lot 2,、在,as,，,though,引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：,Brave a man though he is,，,he trembles at the sight of,snakes.,他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。,3,、当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。,定冠词的位置,考题点击,1,He did it _ it took me.(2003,北京,),A.one-third a time B.one-third time,C.the one-third time D.one-third the time,D,定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在,all,，,both,，,double,，,half,，,twice,，,three times,等词之后，名词之前。,All the students in the class went out.,班里的所有学生都出去了。,06,年高考语法复习系列十,数 词,数词考点及复习要点,虽然数词并不是近几年的考查重点，但我们在复习时还是需要搞清楚以下几个概念：,1,、数词的基本用法及比较；,2,、数词的位置；,3,、倍数词的表达习惯；,4,、在习惯用语中数词的用法；,数词的基本用法,考题点击,1,It is not rare in _ that people in _ fifties are going to university for further education.,(99,上海,),A.90s,theB.the 90s,/,C.90s,theirD.the 90s,their,D,表示,“,几十岁,用,in ones+,数词复数，如：,He began to work in his teens.,表示,年代,，用,in+the+,数词复数；,数词的基本用法,考题点击,2,_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(2000,上海,),A.Two fifth,isB.Two fifth,are,C.Two fifths,isD.Two fifths,are,C,分数和百分数作主语时，关键是看其后的名词来决定其谓语动词的数。该题中的是不可数名词，所以动词需用单数。,数词的基本用法,考题点击,3,Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.(2002,上海春,),A.more than twice B.as twice as many,C.twice as many as D.more than twice as many,D,倍数表示法：主,+,谓,+,倍数,(,或分数,)+as+adj.(+n.)+as,I have three times as many as you.,其他用来表示倍数的方法：,主,+,谓,+,倍数,(,分数,)+the size(weight,，,length)ofThe earth is 49 times the size of the moon.,地球是月球的,49,倍。,2.,主,+,谓,+,倍数,(,分数,)+,形容词,(,副词,),比较级,+thanThe grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.,今年比去年粮食产量增加,8%,。,3.,主,+,谓,+junior(senior)+to,He is five years senior to his younger brother.,Good-bye!,