高考英语语法之情态动词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,情态动词,非推测性情态动词,shall,will,must,mustn,t,should,would,的用法,情态动词,could,should/ought to,may/might,needn,t+have done,表示假设的用法,情态动词,must,can/could,may/might,should/ought to,表猜测的用法,情态动词的一些惯用法,shall,1.shall,用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。,1)You shall go with me.(,命令,),2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(,允诺,),3)He shall be punished.(,威胁,),2.shall,用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。,4)Shall we begin our class?,（,征求意见）,5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(,请示,),3.,用语条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。,6)“The interest _be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.,A.may B.should C.must D.shall,must,mustnt,1.must,用于肯定句中表示“必须”,-Must I hand in my exercises now?,-Yes,you must.(No,you neednt./dont have,to),我必须现在交练习吗？是的，必须。（不，你不必）,2.Must,用语肯定句中表示“偏偏”。,Naturally,after I told her what to do,my daughter must go and do the opposite.,自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情,3.mustnt,表示“禁止”,You mustnt play in the street.,你不能在街上玩耍。,used to,和,would,的区别,1.,在表示过去重复的习惯时，,used to,可用,would,代替。例如：,He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.,以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。,He used to take a walk near the forest in the,(,而现在已经不在那里散步了,),2.used to,强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而,would,则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和,often,everyday,等连用。例如：,She isnt what she used to be.,她跟过去不一样了。（表示对比，不可用,would,）,We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.,我们每天晚上坐在院子里，听他将故事。（表示过去的重复行为）,3.,表示过去的状态，只能用,used to,，,不可用,would,。,例如：,There used to be a park.,以前这里有一个公园。,should,表示“居然，竟然”。,I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old.,我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。,will,表示“意愿”。,If you will attend the club,please sign your name here.,如果你愿意参加俱乐部，请在这里签名。,may,can/could,表示“按规定许可或征求别人的允许”。,I can park my car here.(,按规定停车,),-Could/May I park my car here?(could,表示语气更加委婉,),-No,you cant/mustnt.,Yes,you can/may,巩 固 练 习,1.-Wrtie to me when you get home.,-I _.,A.must B.should C.will D.can,2.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.,A.should B.can C.must D.will,3.-Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.,-You_ have my computer if you dont take care of it.,A.shant,B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt,4.Why _ he think like that?I _ believe it.,A.should;wont B.should;cant,C.would;wont D.could;cant,5._ she use the computer in the office?,-Yes,please.,A.Will B.Would C.Can D.Shall,C,B,A,B,D,Must+do/be doing,可以对现在、现在进行的情况进行肯定的推测,1.Judging from his accident,he must be from the south.,听他的口音，他一定是南方人。,2.Tom bought a lot of apples.He must like eating apples.,汤姆买了很多苹果，他一定喜欢吃苹果。,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off.They must be sleeping now.,现在已经是深夜十一点且灯都关了，他们一定是在睡觉了。,Must+have done,表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必,/,准是,/,一定作了某事”。,1.It must have rained last night,for the road was very muddy.,昨晚 一定是下雨了，因为地上很泥泞。,2.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term.,到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词 。,3.He must have gone to Beijing.,他一定已经去北京了。,NOTICE,must,表推测时只能用于肯定句中。与,must,有关句子的反意疑问句。,1.Judging from his accident,he,must be,from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples.He,must like,eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off.They,must be sleeping,now,isnt,he?,didnt he?,arent they?,因,must,后是实意动词,like,因,must,后是系动词,be,must,后接的是,be sleeping,，,是对正在进行的情况推测,1.We must have learned 2,000 words,by the end of last term,hadnt we?,3.He must have gone to Beijing,didnt it?,hasnt he?,若句中含有过去完成时的时间状语，用过去完成时完成反意疑问句,若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句,若句中不含任何时间状语，用现在完成时完成反意疑问句,2.It must have rained,last night,for the road was very muddy，,can,后跟动词原形，表示小、对现在情况的否定和疑问推测,1.,Mr,Li has gone to Beijing,the man at the gate cant be him,。,李老师去北京了，门口的那个人不可能是他。,2.The watch is not yours.Who elses can it be?,这块表不是你的，它可能是谁的呢？,can/could+have done,表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。,1.Can they have won the basketball match?,他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？,2.It couldnt have been Mr.Green.He has gone to New York.,那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。,may/might,后跟动词原形，表示对现在情况的推测。,may/might+have done,表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许,/,或许,/,已经,”,。一般只用语肯定句和否定句中，不用与疑问句。,might,比,may,更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。,1.He may/might be English.,他可能是英国人。,2.Its too late.I think he may have gone to bed.,太晚了，我想他可能已经睡觉了。,3.He may/might not have finished the work.,他可能没有完成工作。,should/ought to,表示推测，意为“理应，应该”。,They left yesterday.They should be home by now.,他们昨天就离开了，现在理应到家了。,巩 固 练 习,1.-What _ it be?,-It _ be a mail box,for it is moving.It _ be a car.,A.can;cant;must B.can;can;must,C.can;mustnt;must D.must;mustnt can,2.-Isnt that Anns husband over there?,-No.it _ be him-Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.,A.cant B.must not C.wont D,may not,3.-When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.,-They _ be ready by 12:00.,A.can B.should C.might D.need,4.-are you coming to Jeffs party?,-Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.,A.must B.would C.should D.might,A,A,B,D,5.-You may laugh,but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian.,-Oh,you _ be out of your mind.You will be hungry all the time.,A.will B.may C.must D.should,6.-I wonder why they are late?,-They _ the train.,cant have missed B.could miss,C.must have missed D.might miss,7.-Show me your permit,please!,-Oh,its not in my pocket.It _.,A.might fall out B.could fall out,C.should have fallen out D.must have fallen out,C,C,D,7.-Has Mike started?He said he would join in the party.,-He _.He is a man of keeping his word.,A.could have left B.must have left,C.cant come D.wont be coming,8.Everything has two sides.Beautiful songs,sometimes,_ be just noise to others.,must B.may C.should D.could,9.-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.,-It _ a comfortable journey.,A.cant be B.mustnt have been,C.should be D.couldnt have been,10.Chinese must have the largest number of speakers,_.,A.,mustn,t they B.havent they C.dont they D.didnt they,B,B,D,C,could(,不用,can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本来能够,而没能,”,，具有婉转的批评和责备之意。,1.I could have passed my exam easily,but I made too many stupid mistakes.,我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该 犯的错误。,2.You could have reported to me earlier.,你本该早点告诉我的。,should/ought to+have done,用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。,1.You should have told him a week ago.,你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。,2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out of the reading room.,他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。,might,（,不用,may,）,+have done,表示“本来可能,”,，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。,1.You might not have told her.,你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了）,2.You might have come earlier.,你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）,neednt+have done,表示做了本来不必去做的事。,1.She neednt have gone to the station yesterday.,昨天她本不必到火车站去的,.,（昨天她去了）,2.You neednt have bought it.,你本可不必买它的。（你买了）,巩 固 练 习,1.Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I _ so much fried chicken just now.,A.shouldnt eat B.shouldnt have eaten,C.mustnt eat D.mustnt have eaten,2.-Why hasnt Jane arrived yet?,-She _ again in the morning?,A.shouldnt have overslept,B.may have turned off the alarm clock,C.must have no one t o call her,D.should have someone to wake her up,3.-Did you go to the movie the day before yesterday?,-No.We _,but we decided not to.,A.should have gone B.could go,C.should go D.could have gone,B,B,A,4.As it turned out to be a small house party,we _ so formally.,neednt dress,B.didnt have to dress up,C.Might not have dressed up,D.neednt have dressed up,5Im rather surprised you havent reported him to your teacher.In my opinion,you _ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.,must have done B.might have done,C.should have done D.could have done,D,C,1.canmottoo/enough,表示“无论怎么,也不（过分）,”,，“越,越好”。例如：,You cannot be too careful.,你越小心越好。,You cannot remember enough English words.,你记的英语单词越越好。,2.cannot but+do,sth,表示“不得不，只好”,。,I cannot but admire your bravery.,我不得不钦佩你的勇气。,I could not but choose to go.,我只好去。,3.may well may as well,“may well+do”,是一种常用结构，意为“（完全）能，很可能，”相当于,be very likely to,。,例如：,He may well be proud of his son.,他大 可为儿子高兴。,Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.,她的模样变化太大，你很可能人不出她了。,“,may as well+do”,表示“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于,had better,或,to have no strong reason not to,。,例如：,You may as well stay here over the night.,你最好留在 这里过夜。,You may as well do it at once.,你最好马上做这件事。,We may as well stay where we are.,我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。,You may as well tell me the truth.,你还是把镇想告诉我的好。,Thanks a lot!,