高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity课件 新人教版选修8 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,英语,高考总复习人教版,选修八,1._,streIt,n,海峡,2._,minz,n,手段；方法,3,_,mdrtI,n,大多数；大半,4._,klIk,adj,.,天主教的,n,天主教徒,5,_,ekrft,n,飞行器；航空器；飞机,6._,nnltI,n,国籍；民族,7,_,reIl,adj,.,人种的；种族的,8._,ktl,n,.,牛,(,总称,),9,_,lId,n,.,英,行李,(,美,baggage),10._,trm,adj,.(,有轨,),电车,11,_,slIp,v,i,.,滑动；滑行；滑跤,n,滑动；滑倒,12,_,beIkrI,n,.,面包房；面包厂,13._,ferI,n,.,渡船；渡口,v,t,.,摆渡；渡运,14,_,haI(r,),v,t,.&,n,.,租用；雇用,15,_,mInIstrI,n,(,政府的,),部；,(,全体,),牧师；牧师的职责,16,_,hdIp,n,苦难；困苦,17._,fedrl,adj,.,联邦制的；联邦政府的,18,_,reIl,n,铁路；扶手；,(,护栏的,),横条,19,_,bum,n,(,人口、贸易的,),繁荣,v,i,.,处于经济迅速发展时期,20,_,ImIreIn,n,移民；移居入境,21._,reIl,adj,.,人种的；种族的,22,_,krsI,n,横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道,23,_,vaIs,n,.&,adj,.,代理；副职,24._,nefju,n,侄子；外甥,25,_,pl,n,地极；电极；磁极,26._,kstmz,n,海关；关税；进口税,27,_,eIv,v,t,.&,v,i,.(shaved,；,shaved,，,shaven),刮；剃,28,_,breIk,n,闸；刹车；制动器,29,_,kndkt,n,(,公车,),售票员；列车员；,(,乐队,),指挥,30,_,l,n,角；角度,31._,nwe,ad,v,.,无处；到处都无,32,_,dstIs,n,正义；公平,33._,mn,v,t,.&,v,i,.,哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛,34,_,rItI,n,权威；权力,pl,.,当局；官方,35,_,rIfm,v,t,.&,v,i,.,改革；革新,n,改革；改造；改良,36,_,rsp,v,t,.&,n,抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会,答案：,1.strait,2.means,3.majority,4.Catholic,5.aircraft,6.nationality,7.racial,8.cattle,9.luggage,10.tram,11.slip,12.bakery,13.ferry,14.hire,15.ministry,16.hardship,17.federal,18.rail,19.boom,20.immigration,21.racial,22.crossing,23.vice,24.nephew,25.pole,26.customs,27.shave,28.brake,29.conductor,30.angle,31.nowhere,32.justice,33.mourn,34.authority,35.reform,36.grasp,1._,n,申请人,_,v,_,n,申请；请求；实施,2,_,n,社会主义者；社会党人,adj,.,社会主义者的,_,n,社会主义,3,_,v,t,.,指出；标示；表明；暗示,_,n,.,4,_,adj,.,显而易见的；显然的；表面上的,_,ad,v,.,5,_,adj,.,清晰的,n,差别，区分,6,_,v,t,.,选择；选举某人,_,n,选举,7,_,v,t,.,处罚；惩罚,_,n,.,8,_,adj,.,公民的；国内的,_,n,公民,_,n,文明,9,_,v,t,.,感谢,_,adj,.,感激的,答案：,1.applicant,，,apply,，,application,2.socialist,，,socialism,3.indicate,，,indication,4.apparent,，,apparently,5.distinct,，,distinction,6.elect,，,election,7.punish,，,punishment,8.civil,，,civilian civilization,9.thank,，,thankful,1.,用,办法；借助,_,2.,习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生,_,3,某人自己的；自己做的,_,4.,某人想到,_,5,包括；吸收；欺骗,_,6.,与,作战,_,7,另外；除此之外,_,8.,在不同的时期,_,9,在十九世纪六十年代,_,10.,与,合作或一起工作,_,11,划线标出,界线,_,12.,许多；大量的；很多,_,13,继续生存,_,14.,继续，维持,_,15,背靠背,_,16.,申请,_,答案：,1.by means of,2.make a life,3.of ones own,4.occur to sb.,5.take in,6.fight against,7.in addition,8,at various times,9.in the 1860()s,10.team up with.,11.mark out,12.a good/great many,13.live on,14,keep up,15.back to back,16.apply for,1.,我们用词句来表达思想。,(,用,by means of),_,答案：,We express our thoughts by means of words.,2,他没有地方可睡，于是我们就提出让他留宿。,(,用,offer,和take in),_,答案：,He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in.,3,我突然想起去探望父母。,(,用,it occurs to sb.,译成两个不同句式的句子,),_,答案：,It occurred to me to visit my parents.,It occurred to me that I should visit my parents.,4,汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。,(,用主从复合句,),_,答案：,The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.,5,我不理解她想要什么。,(,用,make out),_,答案：,I cant make out what she wants.,一、帮你归纳,1,by means of,以,方法,by no means,绝不,Rich as our country is,，,the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.,虽然我们的国家富有，,我们的生活品质绝不令人满意。,辨析：,method,，,way,，,means,与,approach,(1)method,指有系统、有条理地办事或解决问题的方法。尤指有次序的，有计划的方法，较正式。常用介词,with,。,(2)way,普通用词，可指一般的方法，有时也指个人的方法或方式，也可指特殊的方式或方法。常用介词,in,。,(3)means,指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径。,(4)approach,指从事某事的特别方法、途径。,这样考过,(,海南中学,),May I stay home from school?,_.Or youll miss a lot of lessons.,A,Never mind,B,Help yourself,C,It can never be too good,D,By no means,答案：,D,2,majority,n,.,大多数,the majority of,大多数，后常接复数谓语动词。,the majority,作主语，谓语动词用单复数均可。,the majority of people=most of the people=most people,major,adj,.,主要的,这样考过,(2007,江南十校,),What is boys favorite sport?,_ of the boys like playing football.,A,None,B,The most,C,The majority D,Every,解析：,A,项回答不符合常理；,most of,表示,“,大多数,”,，前面不用冠词；,every,常与单数名词连用；,the majority of,意为,“,大多数,”,，符合题意。,答案：,C,还可能这样考,The majority of,students_favour,of his suggestion.,A,are in B,is in,C,are for D,are at,解析：,students,是复数形式，故谓语动词用,are,。,in,favour,of,支持，拥护，是固定结构。,答案：,A,3,elect,vt,.,选择；决定做某事；选举某人,be elected as.,被选举为,be elected to do.,决定做,这样考过,(,太原测试,),Obama is the first African,America_,president of the United States.,A,chosen B,picked up,C,elected D,found out,解析：,过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句,who is elected president of the United States,。,答案：,C,4,keep up,坚持；维持；沿袭,(,风俗，传统等,),keep away,使离开；使站开,keep back,阻止；阻挡,keep down,控制；压制,keep out,关在门外；不准入内,keep to,坚持；保持；不离开,keep on,继续,这样考过,(,郑州预测,),If we _ this speed,，,we will finish the task ahead of time.,A,hold up B,break up,C,keep up D,take up,解析：,结合句意,“,如果我们保持目前的速度，我们将能够提前完成任务,”,可知，应选,keep up,“,继续，保持,”,。,hold up,“,举起，耽搁,”,；,break up,“,打碎，分解,”,；,take up,“,开始从事，占去,”,显然不符合句意。,答案：,C,5,indicate,vt,.,指出；标示；表明；暗示,indicate,sth.to,sb.,向某人指出,/,暗示某物,indicate that.,示意；表明,indication of doing,sth,.=indication as to,sth,./that,的迹象,这样考过,(,济南模拟,),How badly reform is needed was _ recently by the rising youth crime figures.,A,suspected B,indicated,C,influenced D,announced,解析：,句意为：不断上升的青少年犯罪人数表明改革是多么得迫切。,indicate,表示表明，暗示。而,suspect,表示怀疑；,influence,表示影响；,announce,表示宣布。,答案：,B,6,make a life,习惯于新的生活方式、工作等,come to life,突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃,live/lead a.life,过着,生活,come back to life,苏醒过来，恢复生气,full of life,充满生气,make/earn a/,ones,living,谋生,start/make a new life,开始新生活,7,team up with,work together with,与,合作或一起工作,in a team/on a team,属于,队,a team game,一项团队运动,a team player,有团队精神的人,teamwork,n,.,配合，协同工作,team spirit,团队精神，合作精神,team up,结成队，合作,8,mark out,划线，标出,界线；显示或注定,(,某人,),可能成功；勾销；指定；制订出；选出,mark,sb.out,for,sth,.,选择某人接受某物,mark down,记下；减价；给低分,mark off,用界线隔开，划分开,mark up,涨价；提高；标记,be marked with.,用,做上记号,make a mark,做记号,可能这样考,Many streets in this city have been _ for extension.,A,stretched out B,marked out,C,left out D,stood out,解析：,句意为：这个城市的许多街道已被划线标出以进行扩修。,stretch out,“,伸展,”,；,mark out,“,划线标出,”,；,leave out,“,删去,”,；,stand out,“,突出，显眼,”,。由句意知,B,项正确。,答案：,B,9,take in,包括；吸收；理解；欺骗,take away,拿走；使离开；消除,(,病痛等,),take down,记下来；拆掉,take for(,错,),当做；,(,误,),以为,take off,起飞；匆匆离去；脱下,take on,呈现；雇用,take over,接收，接管，取代,take up,占去，占据；开始；从事,(,天津滨海新区,),It is a common theme in many fiction stories that the world may one day be _ by insects.,A,broken in B,run over,C,taken over D,filled in,解析：,“,世界终有一天会被昆虫控制,”,。选,C,“,控制；接管,”,。,A,“,强行进入；打断,”,；,B溢出；轧过,”,；,D,“,填满,”,。,答案：,C,(,安徽,),We tried to find a table for seven,，,but they were all _.,A,given away,B,kept away,C,taken up D,used up,解析：,句意：我们想找一个,7,张人坐的桌子，但桌子全都有人了。,give away,出卖，赠送；,keep away,远离；,take up,占据；,use up,用光。,答案：,C,10,hire,vt,.&,n,(,短期,),租用，雇用,hire and fire,聘用与解雇,hire out,出租,(,短期,),for hire,可供出租,辨析：,employ,，,hire,与,rent,employ,雇，雇人，指商店或公司长期雇用的人。,hire,租，雇，指按工作量或时间雇用人。,rent,租，指长期租赁土地、房屋等，若暂时租借也可用,hire,。,fire/dismiss.,解雇某人,二、帮你解疑,1,Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California,，,no one really knows.,没有人知道，第一批开拓者首次到达我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的确切时间。,Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California,是,when,引导的宾语从句，该从句作,knows,的宾语，移至句首以示强调。该从句中,what we now know as California,是,arrive in,的宾语从句，其中,what,属于连接代词。,A modern city was built in what used to be a wasteland.,一座现代化的城市在过去的荒地上建了起来。,She is always thinking of what she can do to help others.,她总是想着应该做什么来帮助别人。,2,By the time California elected to become the,thirtyfirst,federal state of the USA in 1850,，,it was already a multicultural society.,到,1850,年加利福尼亚成为美国第,31,个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。,(1)by the time,到,时候为止，引导时间状语从句。,如果状语从句的谓语动词为一般现在时，则主句的谓语动词使用将来完成时。,Ill have finished my work by the time you come.,你来时我将完成工作了。,如果状语从句的谓语动词为一般过去时，则主句的谓语动词使用过去完成时。,By the time he was fourteen years old,，,he had learnt,maths,all by himself.,当他,14,岁时，他就已经自学了数学。,(2)Its(high)time(that)sb.did/should do,sth,.,“,该是,的时候了,”,。该句型中的,that,从句需要用虚拟语气，谓语动词常用过去时或,should,动词原形，且,should,不可省略。,(3)This,/It/,That is the first/second/,last,time(that)sb.has,done,sth,.,“,是某人第几次,”,在该句型中，从句中的谓语动词必须用完成时。,3,That is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.,这就是今天有超过,40%,的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。,句中的,why,引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别,(1)Thats why.,这就是为什么,(why,从句表示结果,),(2)Thats because.,这是因为,(because,从句表示原因,),(3)The reason why.is/was that.,的原因是,(,表语从句常用,that,引导，而不用,because),Tom came late for the,meeting.That,was because he was ill.,汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他生病了。,Tom was,ill.That,was why he came late for the meeting.,汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。,The reason why Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.,汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。,1,(,江西五校联考,),Im afraid that I cant finish the task as soon as planned.,_.,A,Dont be afraid B,Dont mention it,C,I suppose so D,Take your time,答案与解析：,D,A,项,“,别担心,/,别害怕,”,；,B,项,“,别提了,”,；,C,项,“,我想如此,”,；,D,项,“,别着急,”,。第一个说话人的意思是：我恐怕不能按计划完成任务。故应选,D,。,2,(,江西九所联考,),I,apologise,for not helping you.,_.,A,Oh,，,not at all,B,Oh,，,thats right,C,Oh,，,well,，,thats life,D,Well,，,its the deal,答案与解析：,C,“,Oh,，,well,，,thats life.,”,的意思为,“,没什么,”,或,“,生活就是这样,”,。用于鼓励人接受不愉快的事情或表示对于发生的事情无能为力。,3,(,江西重点联考,),Your mother wont agree with you on that,；,you know,，,this hairstyle is not suitable for a student.,_,？,I dont care what she,thinks.Anyway,，,I am not a child any more.,A,How come B,So what,C,What for D,How so,答案与解析：,B,根据答语后半部分内容可知说话人不在乎母亲对自己发型的看法，所以用,“,那又怎么样？,”,A,项表示,“,怎么会呢？,”,C,项表示,“,为什么,”,。,4,(,东北三校联考,),Are you getting a new apartment this year?,_ I cant afford to pay my bills,，,let alone buy a new apartmentA,Dont mention it.,B,You must be joking!,C,Are you sure?,D,Good idea!,答案与解析：,B,根据答语中,I cant afford to pay my bills.,可知，答话者对对方所说的事情表示否定，认为他是在开玩笑，自己连一般的生活开支都承担不起，怎么可能买得起房子呢。由此可知,B,项,“,你一定是在开玩笑吧,”,符合题意。,5,(,成都外国语学校,),I failed todays math test,！,What shall I do?,_,！,Try once more.,A,Cheer up B,Hurry up,C,Take it easy D,Dont mention it,答案与解析：,A,结合答语,Try once more,“,再试一次,”,可判断此处选,Cheer up,。说话人在安慰对方，希望对方,“,提起精神，振作起来,”,。,1,(2010,安庆联考,),Some of the scientists held the point _ the book said was right.,A,what,what,B,that that,C,what that D,that what,答案与解析：,D,以,that,引导的同位语从句进一步说明解释,the point,的内容，从句中有以,what,引导的主语从句。,2,(2010,北京海滨区,),Please put the medicine on the top of the,shelf.Its,_ our children cant reach it.,A,what B,that,C,where D,how,答案：,C,3,(2010,湖南四市九校联考,),The textbook is filled with cases about _ our life has developed thanks to new inventions.,A,what B,where,C,why D,how,答案：,D,4,(2010,南京师大附中,),Faced with challenges,，,you should believe your courage is _ makes a difference.,A,that,B,what,C,which D,whatever,答案：,B,5,(2010,盐城测评,),Never give children false hope by promising to offer _ they cant easily get.,A,what B,which,C,that,D,/,答案：,A,(,四川,),All too often,，,a choice that seems sustainable(,可持续的,)turns out on closer examination to be,problematic.Probably,the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(,乙醇,)for fuel from,corn.Corn,is a renewable resourceyou can harvest it and grow more,，,almost,limitlessly.So,replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.,One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it,，,which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally,，,but thats not the end of the,problem.Using,corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people,，,which drives up the cost of,food.That,result leads to turning the fallow landincluding,，,in some cases,，,rain forest in places such as Brazilinto farmland,，,which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide(CO,2,)into the,air.Finally,，,over many,years,，,the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the,loss.But,by then,，,climate change would have progressed so far that,it,might not help.,You cannot really declare any,practice,“,sustainable,”,until,you have done a complete lifecycle analysis of its environmental(,环境的,),costs.Even,then,，,technology and public policy keep developing,，,and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired,results.The,admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.,1,What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text?,A,The growing demand for energy to make ethanol.,B,The increasing carbon dioxide in the air.,C,The greater need for farmlandD,The big change in weather.,答案与解析：,C,细节理解题。第二段第二句：使用谷物乙醇会导致要把,fallow land,，包括,rain forest,变为耕地来种谷物。故选,C,。,2,The underlined,word,“,it,”,in,the second paragraph refers to,“,_,”,A,the energy benefit B,the forest loss,C,climate change D,burning ethanol,答案与解析：,A,词义猜测题。根据前面一句话：多年后，从燃烧谷物乙醇中得来的能源好处会弥补森林流失。但是，到那时气候变化如此之大也许这样的能源好处就得不偿失了。故选,A,。,3,The author thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is _.,A,impractical B,acceptable,C,admirable D,useless,答案与解析：,A,细节理解题。第一段第一句：通常，一个似乎是可持续的选择一经仔细检查却证明是很有问题的。然后举用谷物乙醇代替汽油为例说明那是不切实际的。,4,What does the author mainly discuss in the text?,A,Technology.,B,Sustainability.,C,Ethanol energy.,D,Environmental protection.,答案与解析：,B,主旨大意题。结合第一段第一句，第三段首句和最后一句可知应选,B,。,