(全国重庆专用)8语法课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法专项提升,名词,可数名词变复数的特殊情况及示例,复合词变复数以中心名词为主,film,goer,s,爱看电影的人,sister,s,in,law,姑子；姨子；嫂子；弟媳,passer,s,by,过路人,grown,up,s,成年人,部分名词在固定词组中用复数,thanks to,幸亏，由于；,shake hands with,与,握手；,make preparations for,为,做准备,单复数同形,deer,鹿，,Chinese,中国人，,sheep,羊，,means,方法，,series,系列，species,种类，,aircraft,飞机,复数形式单数概念,maths,数学，,politics,政治，,crossroads,十字路口,两种复数形式,改换字母,man,男人,men,；,foot,脚,feet,；,ox,牛,oxen,；,child,小 孩,children,；,mouse,老鼠,mice,；,tooth,牙齿,teeth,，,但,footballs,足球，,tooth,brushes,牙刷,以,y,结尾的专有名词在词尾加,s,There are four,Marys,in our class.,我们班有四个叫玛丽的。,部分和数词连用的名词表复数，但形式仍用单数,two dozen eggs,两打鸡蛋，,3 score pens,六十支钢笔，,40 head of cattle,四十头牛，,3 hundred people,三百人,通常用做不可数名词的词,baggage/luggage,，,furniture,，,jewellery,，,equipment,，,news(word),，,weather,，,information,，,music,，,progress,，,advice,，,fun,。这些词可用口诀去记：拿着,行李,，,家,有,珠宝设备,，听着,新闻天气信息,，还有带,音乐,的,进步忠告,，蛮有,趣味,。,抽象名词具体化,(1),表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种等，常可组成,“,a/an,抽象名词,”,或,“,a/an,形容词抽象名词,”,。,have a look,，,make an apology,，,take a deep breath,，,live a,.life,，,have a good time,，,a wonderful lunch,等。,注意：有些抽象名词不能具体化使用，即使有形容词修饰，也不和不定冠词连用，这类名词有：,advice,，,information,，,news,，,fun,，,progress,，,equipment,，,wealth,，,weather,等。,(2),有些物质名词有时以复数形式出现，表示不同的类别。,drink,饮料,two drinks,两杯饮料,coffee,咖啡,a coffee,一杯咖啡,ice,冰,two ices,两份冰淇淋,tea,茶,two teas,两杯茶,(3),有些不可数名词变成复数形式可以表示特别的意义。,paper,纸,papers,报纸，文件,look,看,looks,外表,condition,状况,conditions,形势，情况,time,时间,times,时代,arm,手臂,arms,武器,manner,态度,manners,礼貌,regard,注意,give regards to,问候,glass,玻璃,glasses,眼镜,hair,头发,hairs,几根头发,名词数的用法,(1),在短语中只用复数形式的名词。,take notes,做笔记，,make repairs,修理，,in high spirits,兴高采烈，,as follows,如下,(2),在有些短语中，名词用单复数意思相同。,tell a joke,tell jokes,；,make a face,make faces,(3),有些短语中名词用单复数，在意思上有区别。,have words with,sb,.,同某人吵架,have a word with,sb,.,同某人说句话,名词作定语及示例,表示时间、地点、材料、用途、类别、性别等名词常可用来作定语,London Airport,伦敦机场，,summer holiday,暑假，,a gold chain,一条金链，,a coffee cup,一只咖啡杯，,a weather,rerport,天气预报，,a girl friend,女朋友,名词作定语时一般用单数形式，但在个别情况下仍需用复数,a goods train,货车，,careers guidance,就业指导，,a savings bank,储蓄银行，,a customs officer,海关人员，,a sales manager,销售经理，,a sports centre,体育中心,含有名词的合成词作定语，其中的名词用单数形式,a,five,pound,note,一张五英镑的钞票，,a,six,minute,walk,六分钟步行，,a,seven,year,old,girl,一个七岁的女孩，,an,eight,storey,building,一幢八层的楼，,a,three,foot,table,一张三条腿的桌子,(,wo)man,作定语修饰名词复数时应变为,(,wo)men,a man doctor,two men doctors,男医生,a woman,s,dress,three,women,s dresses,女式套裙,名词作定语与名词所有格作定语的区别,1,(2009,年湖北卷,)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for,health.It,may also be good for_ building.,A,respect,B,friendship,C,reputation D,character,【,解析,】,句意为：独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康，或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。,respect,尊重，爱戴；,friendship,友谊；,reputation,名誉，荣誉，声望；,character,性格，品格，品质，特点，特性。又如：,The little boy showed great character returning to school after earthquake.,在地震发生后，小男孩重返学校表现出了他顽强的毅力。,【,答案,】,D,2,(2009,年湖北卷,)In our class,，,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book,，,it was,a_for,everyone to stand up.,A,signal B,chance,C,mark D,measure,【,解析,】,句意为：在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们要起立的信号。,signal,信号，导火线；,chance,机会，运气；,mark,分数，标志；,measure,措施，办法，尺寸。又如：,This is signal that you are breaking down.,这是你身体逐渐变垮的信号。,The signal that the war broke out between two countries is oil.,两个国家爆发战争的导火线是石油。,【,答案,】,A,3,(2009,年江西卷,),The_shoes,were covered with mud,，,so I asked them to take them off before they got,into_car,.,A,girl,s,；,Tom,s B,girls,；,TomsC,girls,；,Tom,s D,girl,s,；,Toms,【,解析,】,句意为：那些女孩子的鞋子沾满了泥巴，因此在上汤姆的车之前我让她们把鞋子脱掉。由后文的,them,可知，此处的,“,girl,”,应为复数形式，因此其所有格形式应该是,“,girls,”,形式，而名词,Tom,的所有格直接在其后加,s,即可。,【,答案,】,C,4,(2009,年安徽卷,)China has got a,good_for,fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.,A,reputation B,influenceC,impression D,knowledge,【,解析,】,句意为：在抗击流感方面，中国以细致和流畅的组织而获得良好的声誉。,reputation,声誉；,influence,影响；,impression,印象；,knowledge,知识。,【,答案,】,A,5,(2009,年山东卷,),He says that my new car is,a_of,money.,Don,t you think those words are just sour grapes?,A,lack B,load,C,question D,waste,【,解析,】,句意为：,他说我新买的小汽车浪费钱。,难道你不认为这是吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸吗？,lack,缺乏；,load,负荷；,question,问题；,waste,浪费。,【,答案,】,D,6,(2009,年天津卷,)I,m trying to break,the_of,getting up too late.,A,tradition B,convenience,C,habit D,leisure,【,解析,】,句意为：我正努力改掉晚起的习惯。,tradition,风俗,(,信仰,),的传承，传统；,convenience,方便，便利；,habit,习惯；,leisure,休闲。,getting up too late,属个人习惯。,【,答案,】,C,7,(2009,年陕西卷,)From,their_on,the top of the TV Tower,，,visitors can have a better view of the city.,A,stage B,position,C,condition D,situation,【,解析,】,句意为：以他们在电视塔顶的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市。本题考查名词语义辨析。,stage,阶段，舞台；,position,位置，地位，姿势；,condition,条件，环境，情形；,situation,形势，环境。,【,答案,】,B,8,(2009,年福建卷,)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without,any_when,the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April,2009.,A,delay B,effort,C,Schedule D,consideration,【,解析,】,句意为：当,H1N1,病毒在,2009,年,4,月在墨西哥爆发时，世界卫生组织立即向公众发出了警告。,without delay,immediately,立即，毫不延迟地。,【,答案,】,A,9,(2009,年浙江卷,)The system has been designed to give students quick and,easy_to,the digital resources of the library.,A,Access B,passage,C,way D,approach,【,解析,】,句意为：设计这个系统的目的是让学生迅速、方便地使用图书馆的数字资源。,access to,固定短语，意为,“,有权使用，有机会接近,”,。,【,答案,】,A,10,(2008,年天津卷,)Most air pollution is caused by the burning,of_like,coal,，,gas and oil.,A,Fuels B,articles,C,goods D,products,【,解析,】,句意为：空气污染主要是由燃烧煤、天然气和石油等燃料引起的。,fuel,燃料；,article,物品，商品，物件；,goods,商品，货物；,product,产品，产物。,【,答案,】,A,1,(2010,届济宁检测,)To the,great_of,the citizens,，,no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases.,A,relaxation B,disappointment,C,relief D,surprise,【,解析,】,考查名词。句意为,“,使居民欣慰的是除了,12,人被确诊外，没有其他人感染,H1N1,”,relief,欣慰，释然；,relaxation,放松，消遣；,disappointment,失望；,surprise,惊讶，愕然。,【,答案,】,C,2,(2010,届安徽芜湖一中一模,)Whatever he does,，,once he sets up a goal,，,he would start pursuing it without_.,A,hesitation B,suggestion,C,discussion D,decision,【,解析,】,考查名词。无论做什么，一旦确定了目标，他就会毫不犹豫地开始追求。,hesitation,符合题意。,【,答案,】,A,3,(2010,届郑州第一次检测,)The little girl had a,lucky_when,the earthquake happened.,A,Chance B,surprise,C,hope D,escape,【,解析,】,考查名词辨析。语境：当地震发生时，那个小姑娘幸免于难。前面的形容词,lucky,暗示选,escape(,逃脱，幸免,),。,【,答案,】,D,4,(2009,年湖北重点中学,4,月联考,)Tom is addicted to online games these days and pays little attention to his,study.What,s,worse,，,I don,t think there,s,any_that,I can talk him into tearing himself away from that.,A,need B,problem,C,chance D,use,【,解析,】,考查名词辨析。语境说,Tom,对网络游戏上瘾，,“,我很难说服他从中解脱出来,”,，用,there,s no/little chance that,表示可能性。,【,答案,】,C,5,(2009,年湖北重点中学,4,月联考,),Shall we go skating tonight,，,Jane?,Sorry,，,Henry.This,is not the,right_.After,all,，,our final exams are only two days away.,A,situation B,moment,C,point D,case,【,解析,】,考查名词辨析。语境说再过两天就是期末考试，由此判断说话人要表达的意思是这不是,(,去溜冰的,),合适的时候，,B,项,“,时刻,”,符合语境。,【,答案,】,B,6,(2009,年成都外国语学校,4,月,)The two parties held the talk in a,friendly_and,reached an agreement.,A,atmosphere B,state,C,situation D,phenomenon,【,解析,】,考查名词。句意为,“,两个团体在友好的气氛中举行会谈，并达成一致意见,”,。,atmosphere,气氛；,state,状态，状况，情形；,situation,情形，境遇；,phenomenon,现象。,【,答案,】,A,7,(2009,年成都第二次诊断,)How do you like,the_that,children be sent abroad to study?,A,idea B,view,C,opinion D,suggestion,【,解析,】,考查名词。根据语法知识可知，英语中表示,“,建议,”“,要求,”“,命令,”,等含义的动词或名词后接从句时，从句要使用,(,should)do,形式的虚拟语气，由题干中的,“,that children be sent abroad to study,”,可知,D,项,suggestion(,建议,),正确。,【,答案,】,D,8,(2009,年成都第一次诊断,)According to news reports,personal_of,guns in the USA causes a lot of trouble.,A,wealth B,possession,C,matter D,problem,【,解析,】,考查名词的用法。句意为,“,根据新闻报道，在美国私人拥有枪支引起了很多麻烦,”,。,wealth,财富，财产；,possession,拥有，占有；,matter,问题，物质；,problem,问题。,【,答案,】,B,9,(2009,年绵阳市第三次诊断,),Bring me_,，,please.,How would you like it,，,black or white?,A,Coffee B,a coffee,C,the coffee D,coffees,【,解析,】,考查名词的用法。句中的,a coffee,表示,“,一份咖啡,”,。,【,答案,】,B,10,(2009,年绵阳市第三次诊断,),$1,300,，,but that,s my last offer.,OK.It,s,a_.,A,cost B,price,C,reward D,deal,【,解析,】,考查名词辨析。从语境可知，这里的两人在讨价还价，,It,s a deal.,意思是,“,成交,”,。,cost,费用；,price,价格；,reward,报酬。,【,答案,】,D,11,(2009,年绵阳市第二次诊断,)The factory near the seaside was closed down as,a(n)_of,the terribly bad management and fund shortage.,A,summary B,consequence,C,conclusion D,effect,【,解析,】,考查名词。由题意可知,“,这家工厂的关闭是管理不善与资金短缺的结果,”,。,consequence,结果，在题中与,as,连用构成,as a consequence of.,表示,“,是,的结果,”,。,【,答案,】,B,12,(2009,年西安八校联考一,)This sentence is difficult to,understand.Can,you,make_of,it?,A,sense B,knowledge,C,idea D,understanding,【,解析,】,考查固定短语。语境：这个句子难以理解，你能弄明白吗？,make sense of,理解，懂，明白。如：,Can you make sense of what this American is saying,？你能听懂这个美国人在说些什么吗？,【,答案,】,A,