subjunctivemood.ppt

Subjunctive Mood（2）,虚拟语气,Lets review,与,现在,的事实相反,主句,主句,If,条件状语从句,If,条件状语从句,与,过去,的事实相反,与,将来,的事实相反,The Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,在,if,条件句中的用法,1、与现在事实相反：,从句：,主句：,would,/,should,/,could,/,might,+,do,did/were,If I,slept,in class,I,would fall behind,others.,If you,were,one of them now,would,/,should,/,could/,might,you,do,the same thing,?,use mobile phone in class,If I,were,the student now,I,would not use,the mobile phone in class.,If you,were,one of them now,would,/,should,/,could,/,might,you,do,the same thing,?,cheat in the exam,If I,were,one of them now,I,would not cheat,in the exam.,If Titanic _(not hit)an iceberg,the unsinkable ship _(not sink)into the ocean.,hadnt hit,wouldnt have sunk,2,、与过去事实相反：,从句：,主句,：,would,/,should,/,could,/,might,+,have,+,done,had done,If he,_,（,drive,）,more carefully,he,_(have),the car accident yesterday.,had driven,would not have had,If you,had been,on the spot,(,在现场,),what,would,you,have done,?,If I,had been,on the spot(,在现场,),I,would have sent,her to hospital.,如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，,我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。,如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是,-,一万年,!,3,、与将来事实可能相反：,从句：,主句,would,/,should,/,could,/,might,+,do,did/were,should,+,do,were to,+,do,What,would,you do if you,won,the lottery(,彩票,),some day?,如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，,我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。,如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是,-,一万年,!,If the God _ (give)me,another chance,，,I_(tell)the girl three,words,“I love you.”If I _(have to)set a time,limit to our love,It_(be)10,000 years!,should give/were to give/gave,would tell,had to,would be,虚拟语气在,if,条件句中要注意的问题：,1.if,的省略,如果条件句中有,were,had,should,等助动词，可将,if,省略，而把,were,had,或,should,置于句首,来表达以,if,引导的条件句的相同意思。,If it were to rain/should rain,tomorrow,the meeting,would be,put off.,If,he,had seen,you yesterday,he,would have returned,your book.,=,Were,it,to rain,/,should,it,rain,tomorrow,=,Had,he,seen,you yesterday,2.,含蓄条件句,由某些介词、介词短语、连词或副词代替条件状语从句。如,without,but for,but,or(else),otherwise,but that-clause,要不是暑假有课，我就去上海看世博了,_the classes during the summer holiday,I_(visit)the Word Expo in Shanghai.,But for,would have visited,我那天病了，否则我就帮助你了。,I,was,ill that day.,Otherwise/Or/Or else I,would have,helped,you.,我本能给你更多的帮助，但是我太忙了。,I,could have given,you more help,but,I,was,too busy.,没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得这么大的进步,Without,your help,I,couldnt have made,such great progress.,3.,错综条件句,/,混合条件句,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做,混合条件句,/,错综条件句,。,如果早点努力学习的话，你现在就不会后悔了。,If you,had worked,hard earlier,you,would,not regret,now.,If the flower _last week,it,_ now.,had been watered,wouldnt die,如果昨天傍晚没有下雨，现在地上就不会如此地湿,如果我们没有错过那辆公汽，我们会现在在家吃午饭。,If it,hadnt rained,yesterday evening,the ground,would not be,so wet now,If we,had not missed,that bus,we,would,have,lunch at home now.,Lets learn,一、虚拟语气在,宾语从句,中的用法,1.wish,现在,did/were,过去,had done,将来,would/could do,Notes:hope,后接宾语从句却不用虚拟语气,I wish I,were,a bird.,I wish I,were,as tall as you.,I wish/wished I,hadnt,eaten so much watermelon.,The party was terrible,I wish I,had,never gone to it.,I wish it,would,stop,raining soon.,2.If only=How I wish“,但愿”“要是,就好了”，跟,wish,后的虚拟语气用法一样,现在did/were;,过去,had done;,将来,would do,要是我早点到达了就好了,If only I,had arrived,earlier.,要是现在我们没有英语考试就好了,If only we,had,no English exam now.,要是学校明天放假就好了,If only our school,would break,up tomorrow.,一、虚拟语气在,宾语从句,中的用法,一、虚拟语气在,宾语从句,中的用法,3.would rather,现在,/,将来,did/were,过去,had done,Notes:would rather,后接宾语从句,that,常省略,我宁愿你明天离开,I would rather you,left,tomorrow.,我宁愿现在你给他打电话,I would rather you,called,him now.,我宁愿他听从了老师的建议,I,would rather he,had followed,the teachers advice.,一、虚拟语气在,宾语从句,中的用法,4.,一坚持,insist,二命令,order/command,三建议,suggest/advise/propose,四要求,demand/request/require/desire,后的宾语从句中,(should)do,Notes:insist,表示“坚持要求做某事”用虚拟；表示“坚持认为，坚持说”不用,Suggest,表示“建议”用虚拟；表示“暗示，表明”不用。,People insisted that he _(be)a thief and that he _(catch)by the policeman.,was,(,should)be,caught,二、虚拟语气在,主语从句,中的用法,1.Its important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/,vital/desirable,/,urgent,that(should)do,Notes:should,表“竟然”含义时常常不省,真奇怪他竟然犯了这么愚蠢的一个错误,Its strange that he,should make/have made,such a stupid mistake.,二、虚拟语气在,主语从句,中的用法,2.Its a,pity,/shame/,no,wonder,that(should)do,3.Its advised/suggested/ordered/demanded,/,decided/desired,that(should)do,三、虚拟语气在,表语从句和同位语从句,中的用法,表示“建议、命令、要求,”,等词：,advice/suggestion/order/command/demand/request/,等词。形式为,(,should+do,),I have made a proposal,_next week.,（,take,）,我提出一项建议：下周举行运动会,that the sports meeting should take place,四、,as if/as though,引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气,1.,从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句动词用,did/were,2.,从句动作先于主句动作发生，从句用,had done,3.,从句动作后于主句动作发生，从句用,would/could do,Our teacher treats us as if we,were,her kids.,He sat there as if nothing,had happened,.,He learns English so hard as if,he,would,go,abroad.,He behaves as if he,owned,the house.,She talks about Rome as though she,had been,there.,五、虚拟语气用于,目的状语从句,中,一些表示目的意义的短语：,in order that/so that,后常,can/could/may/,might;in,case/for fear that,后常用,should,（注意也可用陈述语气）,那位老师提高他的嗓门是为了让别人听见他,The teacher raised his voice so that he _.,could make himself heard,六、虚拟语气用于,定语从句,中,Its(high/about)time that,did/should do,，,此句型意为“（现在）该,.”,用来表示建议。,该是你上床睡觉的时间了,Its time that you,went/should go,to bed.,该是采取措施的时间了,Its time that measures,were taken/should be,taken.,Lets practise,1.,（,2008,湖北，,35,）,I feel so sick.I wish Mum_(,没有逼我,)to eat so much.(force),2.(2009,湖北，,79)After circling around the earth for three days,Shenzhou,Spaceship received the command from the ground that_(,它着陆,)as scheduled the next,day.(land,),3.(2010,湖北，,76)Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention_ at the meeting.(discuss),4.(2010,浙江，,10)Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy_(,就节省了,),。（,save,）,hadnt,forced,me,it(should)land,(should)be discussed,would have been saved,5.,（,2008,安徽，,26,）,Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he_(,很忙,).(busy)6.(2009,天津，,15)This printer is of good quality.If it_(,万一坏了,)within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.(break),7.(2009,安徽，,34)But for their help,we_,（就不能完成）,the program in time.(finish),8.(2009,浙江，,13)The doctor recommended that you _(,不游泳,)after eating a large meal.,（,swim,）,was very busy,broke/were to break/should break,couldnt have finished,(should)not swim,Lets doing exercises,Exercises,优化方案,29,页跟踪训练。,课本第,5,页,2,、,3,题,