高中英语易混词汇.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高中英语易混词汇辨析（一）,a bit,a little,肯定句中，表“一点”，两者可互换。但否定式意义不同：,not a bit=not at all,一点也不；,not a little=very,很、非常。,-Would you mind my opening the window?-_.,A.not a bit,B.Yes,not a little,C.Yes,help yourself D.Never mind,答案,(A),ability,capacity,capability,ability,指人们现有的能力、学习能力或技能。,capacity,指容纳能力、容量。,capability,指实际能力或潜在能力。,The premier is a man of immense _.,Chinas nuclear _ is only for,defence,purpose.,My teacher has the _ to speak three foreign languages.,(capacity;capability;ability),above all,first of all,at all,after all,after all,意为“要知道，别忘了”时，位于句首，用来说明或提醒对方，引出对方似乎忘记了的某个重要论点或理由。意为“虽然，但毕竟”之意时，位于句末，表和预期的情况相反，说话人有转折之意。,above all,指“,首先，最重要的是”，说明事物的重要性。,first of all,“,首先，第一”，说明事物的排列顺序或优先程度。,at all,与,not,连用时意为“一点也不”，用于疑问,/,肯定,/,条件句时，意为“真的，的确”。,We mustnt waste anything and,_,we mustnt waste time in our life.,In my opinion,you shouldnt blame him,_ he is only a child.,Do you know the answer _?,Stephen Chow is a successful director,but _ he is an excellent actor.,(above all;after all;at all;first of all,),accept,receive,accept,一般指经过考虑后接受某物或某事；但有时也指“承认”，而非明确地“同意”。,receive,仅指客观地收到某物，或别人所说、所写的东西。,I received her invitation,but I havent decided whether to accept it or not.,accomplish,achieve,fulfill,finish,完成,accomplish,指为执行某种计划或达到某种目的而努力地、坚持不懈地工作。,achieve,含越过重重障碍去完成值得去做的事，或重要的事。,fulfill,指完全实现人们所期望,/,要求做的事。,As a person,I should _ my promise.,The soldiers sent to Indonesia have to _ the mission.,What we do is to _ lasting peace.,(fulfil;accomplish;achieve),ache,pain,suffering,ache,指一种持续的隐隐之痛,，常表人体局部疼痛,可与表痛的部位的名词连用。,She often suffers from headache/toothache/backache/stomachache.,pain,指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛，常指严重的伤痛或悲痛。表辛劳、努力时用复数。,Doctor,Ive got a pain here.,suffering,指一段时间内，精神和肉体上的痛苦。,The parents caused Little Tom great mental suffering by divorce.,hurt,vi.,表肉体指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛。,vt,.,受伤,My left leg is broken.It really hurts,.,act,action,deed,act,指“行为”时，指一时的简单动作，特别强调行动的过程；有时也指由一个人或一群人来完成，不受动机，自然和结果的限制。常用短语有：,act as“,担任”，指代为行使某人的权力，而不任命为某职；“扮演”。,act for“,担任”，指完全代替某人的职位。,action,意为“行动”时，指一段时间的延续行为，由简单动作组成的复杂动作。常用短语有：,take action,采取行动；,in action,在活动中。,deed,有时可指不论大小、好坏的行为，但多数情况下指需要高度的勇气、智慧、力量或技巧才能完成的行为；如：,a heroic deed,英雄行为。,Helping a blind man across the road is an _ of kindness.,The machine is not in _.,I _ him as he was busy.,(act;action;acted as),address,speech,lecture,address,指正式的精心准备的讲话。,speech,是普通字眼，可以是有准备的，也可是即席发表的讲话。,lecture,指经仔细准备的讲话，旨在给听众信息或教诲。,The chairman is about to _ the meeting in a minute.,The professor is preparing a _ to a college class.,(address;lecture),alive,live,living,lively,alive“,活着的，还出气的”，作表语或后置定语。,When he reached the hospital,his grandpa was still alive.,live,“,活的，有生命的”，作前置定语，主要用来指动物，或表现场直播的节目,(,表转播时用：,recorded),。,a live fish/concert,livin,g,指人或动物活着、健在。还指事物现在还被使用。与,the,连用表活着的一类。,My grandma is still living at the age of 93.,lively,指活泼的，生机勃勃的，作形式表语、定语，指人或物。,She has a lively mind,The enemy captain was caught _.,Are there any _ things on the moon?,(alive;living),another day,one day,some day,the other day,in the past/last few days,another day,“,改日（用于将来时）”,one day,“,（总）有一天（用于过去时或将来时）”,some day,“,总有一天（用于将来时）”,the other day,“,几天前的一天”,in the past/last few days,“,近几天（与完成时连用）”,anxious,eager,eager,“,渴望的，热切的”，着重指渴望什么或做什么的热情及迫切的心情，即“成功的期望或进取的热情”；,+for/to do,。,anxious,“,焦急的，发愁的，牵挂的”，含有未知结果如何，有些为之担心的意味,;+for(about)/to doThey are _ for success.,We are _ for the new president to make us a speech in public.,He is _ to know the result of the exam.,(eager;eager;anxious),arrive,reach,get,arrive,vi.,指到达指定地点（大地点用,in,，小地点用,at,）。,arrival n.,reach,vt,.,后不跟随介词，指抵达某地或达成某种协议，或表“接触到、够到”。,get,vi.,表“到达”时，若跟随名词，应用,to,，若跟随副词，则不带,to,。,They _ at the station on time.,She_ London at sunset.,The apples are too high to _.,We_ to New York at last.,They finally _ an agreement after discussion.,(arrived;reached;reach;got;reached,as,for,since,because,because,since as for,for,是并列连词，连接并列句，引导的句子放在后面（不能放在句首），且有逗号隔开表示附带说明的理由或推断的理由。作为介词表原因时常和名词,reason,动词,praise,thank,scold,apologize,excuse,或形容词,sorry,angry,等连用。,since,是从属连词，表关系上的自然结果，原因一般很明显，往往是双方都知道的原因，其从句可放在主句前后，常放在主句前。,as,也是从属连词，语意较弱，口语中常省略，其从句位于主句前或后。,because,语意较强，表直接的原因或理由，是因果的必然推断，它引导的状语从句可放在主句前或后；用于回答,why,提的问句。在强调句型里，只能用,because,从句。,在含,as,since,的句子中，全句的重点在主句的内容，因为其理由或原因在说话人看来因内已经很明显，或已为听话人熟悉。它们引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因不是对原因的强调。,The light went out,_ the oil was out.,The oil must be out,_ the light went out.,_ there was nothing else to do,we left early.,(because,for,Since),as soon as,once,as soon as,强调时间的连接；,once,则带有条件意味，“一旦,就”。,_ you begin,you should do it well.,_ I got there,I rang home.,(Once,As soon as),as well,too,either,also,also,用于肯定句，即可表示两人做了同样的事，也可表示一个人做了两件事，常位于动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前，在表示强调是，也可放在助动词和情态动词之前。,too,也用在肯定句中，可放在句中或句末。,either,用于否定句，只用于句末。,as well,常用于口语，用法和一样，常放在句末。,但在以下情况用,too,含责备、抱怨或规劝类的句中，若句子本身以否定的形式来表达肯定的意思时；,Cant you see Ive got teeth,too?,在表示建议、邀请时，若句子是否定形式，肯定意义；,Wouldnt you like a cup of juice,too?,3,）反义疑问句中若主体句是肯定句，否定式的反意问句不影响整句的肯定意义，那么，主体句用,too,;They attended the meeting too,didnt they?,在具有否定意义的否定句中，否定词前可用,too,，但更常用,noteither,。,I wouldnt do that and he wouldnt either.,5,）虽在否定词后，但否定词只否定某个词或短语，而不影响全句的肯定意义时，一般用,too.,Nor tasty dinner to have is necessary,too,ask,beg,demand,require,request,claim,ask,表,（期望答复地）请求。,beg,指低声下气地乞求、恳求。,demand,（来自权威方面不打折地）要求、命令。,require,（按法律规章）要求、命令。,request,（语气谦恭地）请求、恳求。,claim,（根据法律、权利）要求占有。,The boy _ his mother not to punish him.,May I _ you a question?,Every citizen may _ the protection of the law.,The policeman _ his name and address.,(begged,ask,claim,demand),always,usually,frequently,often,always,总是、永远，强调不间断；,usually,常常、通常，强调习惯、不例外；,frequently,经常、时常，强调重复间断；,often,常与,frequently,换用，意义相近。,I _ go to school at 7:00.,Gravity _ keeps everything on earth.,It rains very _ here in spring.,I hope I can use the phrase _usually,always,often,frequently),alone,lonely,alone,adj.,作表语“,孤独,/,单的”不带感情色彩，,(=,by oneself,without others,);adv.,作状语，“单独一人”（放在动词后）,Leave me alone.,别管我。,lonely,adj.,“,孤独的，寂寞的”，指人，：表主观上孤独寂寞，渴望有伴；指地方，表“人迹罕至的”、“荒凉的”作表语和定语。,There,far from here,you can find _ island on which several old men are living _.,(a lonely,alone),appear,look,seem,看来、似乎,appear,和,look,都是凭视觉的印象产生的一种看法，但这种看法可能和实际不符合；,seem,是以客观的迹象为依据。,appear/seem+to do/that clause;look/seem+as if-clause;seem/look+like phrase.,She _ to have said so.,Why do you _ so upset?,It _ like a vase.,(seems,appear,looks),almost,most,nearly,，,mostly,almost,和,nearly,“,几乎、差不多”，,almost(=very nearly),比,nearly,更接近、语气更强。在否定词前需用,almost,，但表示“远非、相差很远”时，只说,not nearly,most,adj.“,大多数”,;adv.,1,）修饰 形容词，表示“很”,(=very),；,2,）用在多音节词前，构成最高级。,mostly,adv.(=mainly)“,大体上，主要地、大部分”,The houses in this area are _ built of brick and cement.,_ no person can do it.,Its not _ so easy as you think.,Audrey Hepburn is a _ beautiful actress.,(mostly,Almost,nearly,most),answer,reply,respond,answer,是常用语，较通俗；指根据情况所要求的来说、写或采取行动。,vt,.,回答,answer(=reply,to)sb,/a question,；接,(,电话等,)answer the phone n.“,答案”,reply,比较庄重,，多用于书面语；严格地用于对所问的问题作出满意和详尽的回答。常见的搭配是：,reply to,sb,/a question,reply+that-clause,。,respond,指自愿地或本能地作出的适当反应,affect,effect,effort,affect,vt,.,影响、作用，常常暗示某种变化，对象是人时，可指思想上、感情上的变化；,effect,n.,影响、效果，常用于,have a good/bad/deep effect on,sb,./,sth,.,；,effort,n.(C),努力、成果,常用于,make an effort to do.,The wounded soldier made an _ to stand up when he saw the officer come in.,(effort),