高考英语第一轮骨干教师培训课件4 北师大版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,阅读教学与备考策略,第一部分,:,阅读教学的有效性探究,第二部分,:,高三阅读教学与备考策略,第三部分,:,高考阅读理解解题技巧,第一部分,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,*阅读教学的目的,*阅读教学基本策略等,*阅读教学注意事项,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,阅读教学的目的,学生获取信息和处理信息的能力培养,学生英语语言的有效输入与学习,学生阅读策略与阅读能力的培养,学生人文精神与素养的培养与熏陶,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,阅读的基本技能,-,阅读教学的,focus,预测 激活已有的知识和经验，预测文章内容，熟,悉相关话题关键词语,寻读 在不必理解每个词句的情况下，从文章中找,出特定信息,略读 获取文章的主旨大意,细读 以理解事实和文本意义为主，整理加工信息，,逐步实现内化,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,阅读教学可以引导学生关注什么？,主旨大意,分清文章中的事实和观点,猜测词义,推理判断,了解重点细节,理解文章结构,理解图表信息,理解指代关系,理解逻辑关系,理解作者意图,评价阅读内容,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,Pre-learning:,交流目标，激发,兴趣,，调动已有知识和经验，创设语境，呈现必要语言,知识,，为接下来的学习做好准备,Learning,：,语言整体输入与分层输入，信息的,获取,，加工、整理并,处理,，新知识建构、,知识与技能,训练、内化后输出,After learning,：,知识与技能的巩固、新旧知识与能力的整合、综合,运用,，,思维,活动（发散、逻辑、创造）,一节课的有效设计特点,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,阅读教学的注意事项,读前活动的设计,读中活动的设计,读后活动的设计,语言知识的学习,不追求,“,面面俱到,”,讲解,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,教学案例：,读前预测活动的设计,例,1,：,M2,U2,（文章题目,/,An interview,;,五环图画）,What comes to your mind when you see the picture with five rings?,Whats the interview mainly about?,例,2,：,M6,U5,（文章题目,/An exciting job;,两幅图画）,What can you see from the two pictures?(volcanoes),What is the mans job?(volcanologist),What do you think of his job?Exciting or something else?,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,教学案例：,M2,U1,读中活动的设计,Reading In search of the Amber Room,阅读技能：,comprehending 1-2;,阅读理解：,“,琥珀屋,”,的来龙去脉；为什么珍贵,Pa1/3,；人们为挽救,“,琥珀屋,”,所做出的努力,Pa5,。,思维拓展：为什么普鲁士国王，腓特烈,威廉一世要送彼得大帝这么一份厚礼？,语言学习：,select;in return;,This was a time when,There is no doubt that,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,读后活动的设计,1,）理解文本信息的输出,-,转述、梗概、访谈等,2,）超越文本信息的输出,-,作者态度、辩论、新旧整合形成新的能力,读后活动设计的思考,1与阅读文本的关系？,2,）对巩固与加深文本理解的帮助？,3,）运用文本进行语言活动的关系如何？,4,）是否有利于学生思维活动的培养？,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,语言知识的学习,读前,-,为阅读理解扫除障碍,读中,-,通过语境猜词、理解词汇、分,析长难句,读后,-,集中解决语言知识的重难点以,及易混点,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,教学案例：,(M6,U5),语言知识的学习,读前,-,volcano,volcanologist,evaluate,predict,lava,warn people,burn to the ground,读中,-,猜词,:,eruption(,句、图），,理解词汇I was,fast/sound,asleep when suddenly,分析长难句：,but,this being my first,experience,I stayed at the top and,watched,them,.,读后,-,集中解决语言知识的重难点以及易混点,阅读教学有效性,de,探究,不追求面面俱到,-,选中的文本不太可能全面应对阅读所有的能力需求，所以要研究文本，找到能为我们教学服务的突破点，一次集中解决一、两个点即可。,第二部分,高三阅读教学与备考策略,关注高考命题趋势,2010,年,考试说明,命题原则：,1.,充分体现,课程标准,的要求。,2.,语言材料三个贴近”,-,时代、社会、生活,3.,平稳过渡的原则。,2010,年,考试说明,有关阅读理解词汇量的要求：,阅读题五篇总词汇量（含文章与设题）一般控制在,22002400,个词之间（,08,年共,2245,词；,09,年共,2310,词；,2010,年共约,2310,）,关注高考命题趋势,福建省高考英语阅读理解部分,*题材,体裁,09,年,A,篇是有关中学生参加中文博客竞赛的新闻报道；,B,篇是有关社会文化的说明文：,C,篇为到中国旅游的广告；,D,篇为教人在迷失方向时如何辨别方向的生活常识；,E,篇是有关环保从身边做起的议论文。,关注高考命题趋势,福建省高考英语阅读理解部分,*题材,体裁,2010,年,A,篇是介绍一个美国著名文学家司各特,菲茨杰拉德的生平、生活及其重要作品的记叙文。,B,篇是一篇议论文，讲述了电视仍然是我们生活中具有良好影响力的媒体。,C,篇为有关企业要主动采取措施，才能更好地赢得顾客的信赖的说明文。,D,篇是一篇公司让员工如何给家长作解释的备忘录。,E,篇主要介绍了美国印第安人的房屋结构和建房特点，展示了美国当地人的居住文化。,关注高考命题趋势,试题启示：,1.,所选材料题材丰富，体裁多样，内容尽可能保持原汁原味。,2.,所选材料体现了,3,贴近的命题原则。,3.,命题方面既考查了高考的,4,类题型，又显现出较新的命题方式,-,篇章结构（,59,题）。,4.,从考生答题情况看，图表类的题目相对薄弱。,篇章结构,2010,福建,A 59.The passage is probably followed by a,concluding,paragraph about _.,A.Zeldas personal life,B.Zeldas illness and treatment,C.Fitzgeralds friendship with Graham,D.Fitzgeralds contributions to the literary world,篇章结构,2010,重庆,C 67.The passage is mainly developed by _.,analyzing causes,B.making comparisons,C.examining differences,D.following the time order,篇章结构,2010,江西,C 67.This passage is organized in the pattern of _.,A.time and events,B.comparison and contrast,C.cause and effect,D.definition and classification,图表类,2009,福建,70.Which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south?,（,A,）,图表类,2010,福建,72.Which of the following pictures shows the house for the Iroquois Indians,？,（,A,）,高三的阅读教学与备考策略,认真选材,*题材,时代性强的、语言地道的,(,原汁原味,),、难易适中的、信息量大的阅读素材。,*体裁,记叙文，说明文，议论文，应用文,*适度：长度，生词率，当下水平，高考要求,*建议使用：模块,9-10,报刊,高考真题,各地市模拟试题,2.,如何指导学生进行有效阅读,*每天至少,2,篇,*每周至少一次,5,篇连读,*课上适量限时阅读,(,提高学生的阅读速度、阅读 质量和答题的速度。,65-70,wpm,),*,精读,+,泛读,;,练习,+,无练习,*,对典型对错题进行反思与总结,高三的阅读教学与备考策略,3.,如何评讲阅读文章,*评讲的重点依不同文章的特点而定,*阅读技巧的应用要体现在平时的练习中；（预测、。）,*对文章中出现的长难句要及时分析,*将高考考查形式与平时阅读挂钩,*在评讲中可以利用不同文章分类熟悉、记忆词汇,（,09,福建,C,篇,-price covers;airfares;entrance fees;taxes;charge;visas;transportation;accommodation;),建议：没机会评讲的文章最好要有详解。,高三的阅读教学与备考策略,4.,一定要重视的事：,词汇量的多少对阅读理解起着至关重要的作用。,2010,年词汇要求,-,总计：约,3200,七级词汇 掌握,2379,理解,131,计：,2500,八级词汇 掌握,60+60,理解,530,计：,650,国家名称 掌握,10,理解,45,数词词汇 掌握,28,理解,0,星期月份 掌握,19,理解,0,高三的阅读教学与备考策略,其它：考纲外但阅读中出现频率较高的热点词汇,09,福建,A,篇,-blog;authority,B,篇,-offence;vehicle;,register;license,高三的阅读教学与备考策略,第三部分,高考阅读理解解题技巧,阅读理解试题分类,1.,主旨大意题,2.,推理判断题,3.,事实细节题,4.,词义猜测题,主旨大意类题型主要测试考生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。,主旨大意题,一,.,主旨大意题,1.,常见的设问句式：,1)Which of the following is the,best title,?,2)The passage mainly deals with_.,3)The passage is mainly about _.,4)What is the,main idea,of the passage?,一,.,主旨大意题,2.,解题技巧：,1,）分析篇章结构，找出文章,主题句,在许多情况下，尤其在阅读,说明文,和,议论文,时，,可以借助文章首尾段的,主题句,或对文章每段,主题句,的意思的,综合,来,领悟文章的主旨大意。,一,.,主旨大意题,主题句呈现的形式,文首,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想,.,这是英语最常见的演绎法写作方式。,一,.,主旨大意题,主题句呈现的形式,文尾,在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论、建议或结果,以概括主题,.,这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。,一,.,主旨大意题,主题句呈现的形式,文中,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。,一,.,主旨大意题,但有些文章像,记叙文,，主题思想不是通过一两句话就可以表达的。这时就需要通过阅读全文，抓住关键字或主要议题来归纳中心思想。,2,解题技巧,一,.,主旨大意题,2.,解题技巧：,2,）捕捉有效信息词,文章中的,however,therefore,as a result,but,等词通常是引出中心主旨的方向词；,而,for example,first,to begin with,等只是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。,一,.,主旨大意题,2.,解题技巧：,3,）选题要领,正确答案：,全面、具体、高度概括文章的内容。而不是以偏概全，或空泛远离文章的内容。,A.,干扰项 概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）。,B.,干扰项 过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）。,C.,干扰项 以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。,一,.,主旨大意题,1,高考链接,2010,福建,主旨大意题,C,说明文,Businesses are witnessing a difficult time,which has in turn produced influence on consumers desire to go green.However,shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.,(,首段）,The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing.“,When companies are granted,（授予）,the standard,they can use a logo,（标识）,in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,”Mr.Morrison said.(,尾段）,64,Whats the main idea of the passage?,A,Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.B,Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.,C,Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.D,Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers environmental awareness.,D,C,2010,福建 主旨大意题,-,最佳标题,B,议论文,Forget Twitter and,Facebook,Google and the Kindle.Television is still the most influential medium around.Indeed,for many of the poorest regions(,地区,)of the world,it remains the next big thingfinally becomes globally available.And that is a good thing,because,the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.,(,首段）,Too much TV has been associated with violence,overweight and loneliness.However,TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.,(,尾段）,63.What would be the best title for the passage?,A.TV Will Rule the World B.TV Will Disturb the World,C.TV Will Better the World D.TV Will Remain in the World,要求考生纵观全文，在掌握全文提供的各项信息的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，推断作者的意图；人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；语言中的语气等。此类题属于深层理解题，难度最大。但要取得高分就必须抓好此类考题。,二,.,推 理 判 断 题,1.,常见的设问句式（针对文章内容）：,1)What can we,infer,from the passage?,2)It can be,concluded,from the passage,that_.,3)What can we,learn from,the end of the,story?,4),The text,implies(suggests),that _.,5)The passage/author,implies,but does,not directly state,that _.,二,.,推 理 判 断 题,二,.,推 理 判 断 题,1.,常见的设问句式（关于作者的意图、观点、态度）：,6),Why,did,Kerrel,write the passage?,7),The author writes this passage,in order,to,_.,8)The writer in this passage,intends to,_.,9),Whats the authors,purpose,of writing,the article?,10)The authors,attitude,towards is _.,2.,解题技巧：,1),透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,2),抓住表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词，如情态动词，虚拟语气、程度副词等。常见的有：,had better,should,too,rather,have to.,及一些表转折或递进的词，如：,however,but,on the other hand,besides,also,whats more,moreover,等。,二,.,推 理 判 断 题,二,.,推 理 判 断 题,3),严格按照作者的观点和提供的信息、因果、时空顺序等进行推理，不能主观臆断或脱离原文只凭常识推理。答案一定要在文中找得到依据。,4),不能将文中已经阐明的事实作为推断,;,要避免概念直白化。（,判断推理的题目中常含有,infer,、,imply,词汇等。）,2.,解题技巧：,5,）干扰项的特点：,A.,将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项；,B.,将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。,C.,将自己对某件事的想法、体验等作为正确答案。,二,.,推 理 判 断 题,2,二,.,推 理 判 断 题,高考链接,D,2010,天津 推理判断题,D,议论文 （最后一段）,And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art?One of the common problems with making excuses is that people,especially young people.get the idea that its okay not to be totally honest all the time.,There is a corollary(,直接推论,)to that:if good excuse is“,good”even,if it isnt honest,then where is the place of the truth?,54.What is the authors opinion about a good excuse?,A.Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy.,B.Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas.,C.A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty.,D.Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.,D,2010,江苏 推理判断题,D,议论文 （最后两段）,Itll be a win-win project.,For other countries,，,the railway network will definitely create more opportunities,For China,，,such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources,，,but would also help develop Chinas far west,69,Which of the following words best describes the authors attitude towards Chinas high-speed railway plan?,A,Critical,B,Reserved,C,DoubtfulD.Positive,本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的,某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能,力。问题包括询问人,(who),、物,(what),、,时间,(when),、地点,(where),、原因,(cause),、,结果,(effect),、文中的数据,(data),等。新闻、,说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。细节题的考查每年高考中都有比例较大。一般难度较低，属于浅层理解题，得分率较高。,三,.,事实细节题,解题技巧：,1.,抓住题目中的,关键词,，,用,寻读,的方法,快速定位，,仔细阅读相关内容,。,2.,可采用排除法先排除不符合原文细节的,选项。,3,.,根据文中信息进行分析归纳后总结得出答案。,4,.,根据相关信息作必要的推断和转述。,三,.,事实细节题,解题技巧：,4.,正确答案的特点：,与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。,干扰选项的特点：,1.,是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；,2.,符合常识，但不符合原文内容；,3.,与原文情节极为相似，但在,程度,上有些变动；,4.,选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；,5.,在意思上与原文信息张冠李戴甚至完全相反。,三,.,事实细节题,3,三,.,事实细节题,高考链接,D,2010,福建 事实细节题,B,议论文 （第二段）,Across the developing world,around 45%of families had a TV in 1995;by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%.That is some way behind the U.S.,where are more TVs than people,and where people now easily get access to the Internet.Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years.In 2005,after the fall of the Taliban,（塔利班）,which had outlawed TV,1 in 5 Afghans had one.,The global total is another 150 million by 2013pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.,61.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?,A.Americans used to get access to the Internet easily.,B.The worlds TV sets will total 150 million by 2013.,C.45%of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.,D.Over two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.,A,2010,北京 事实细节题,A,记叙文 （第二段）,I called her Goldie.If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name.,She was so unsettled during those first few days.She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her.,There was nothing I could do to make her happy,it seemed.Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owners.But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down.Always by my side,whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.,57.In her first few days at the authors house,Goldie,.,A.felt worried B.was angry,C.ate a little D.sat by the fire,在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。历年高考中均有此类题目。有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。,四,.,词 义 猜 测 题,四,.,词 义 猜 测 题,1.,常见的设问句式：,1)The underlined word in the paragraph,refers to/means _.,2)What does in Paragraph stand for,/mean?,3)could best be replaced by which of,the following?,4)The expression/phrase means _.,5)The word is closest in meaning to,_.,四,.,词 义 猜 测 题,2.,解题技巧,1,）根据解释确定词义,eg:,The,other questioned the,veracity,-,the,truthfulness of these reports.,2,）根据对比确定词义,eg:,In,the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of,turmoil,.,真实性,一片混乱,四,.,词 义 猜 测 题,2.,解题技巧,3,）根据举例确定词义（,such as,for example),eg,:,Cars must have certain safety,devices,such,as,seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.,4,）根据,重述,确定词义（,or,that is,in other words),eg:,It,will be very hard but also very,brittle,that is,it will break easily.,装置,易碎的,四,.,词 义 猜 测 题,2.,解题技巧,5,）根据同义、反义词确定词义,eg,:,Metal,expands,when heated and,contracts,when cooled.,6,）,根据因果关系,确定词义,eg,:The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was,permanent,.So the player could never play the sport again.,永久的,冷缩,膨胀,4,四,.,词 义 猜 测 题,高考链接,B,2010,福建 词义猜测题,B,议论文 （第二段）,Across the developing world,around 45%of families had a TV in 1995;by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%.That is some way behind the U.S.,where are more TVs than people,and where people now easily get access to the Internet.Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years.,In 2005,after the fall of the Taliban,（塔利班）,which had,outlawed,TV,1 in 5 Afghans had one.,The global total is another 150 million by 2013pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.,60.The underlined word“outlawed”in paragraph 2 probably means“_”.,A.allowed B.banned C.offered D.refused,A,2010,湖北 词义猜测题,B,（第一、二段）,For many parents,raising a teenager is like fighting a long war,but years go by without any clear winner.Like a border conflict between neighboring countries,the parent-teen war is about boundaries:Where is the line between what I control and what you do?,Both sides want peace,but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict.In part,this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it.From the parents point of view,the only,cause of their fight,is their adolescents complete unreasonableness.And of course,，,the,teens see it in exactly the same way,except oppositely.,Both feel trapped.,56.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?,A.The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.,B.The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict,C.The teens cause their parents of misleading them,D.The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents,Thank you!,