高中英语 Unit21 Human Biology课件 北师大版选修7 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit21 Human Biology,人类生物学,考纲知识预览,重点单词,1,vi,.,循环,n,.,循环；传播，发行量,2,vt,.,消化,n,.,消化,3,vt,.,容忍,n,.,忍受，忍耐力；宽容,adj,.,宽容的；容忍的,4,adj,.,根本的，基本的,adv,.,根本上；基本上,5,adj,.,强制性的，义务的,adj,.(,反义词,),自愿的；志愿的,circulate,circulation,digest,digestion,tolerate,tolerance,tolerantfundamental,fundamentally,compulsory,voluntary,考纲知识预览,6,vt,.,反对,adj,.,相反的，反对的,n,.,反方，对立面,7,vt,.,与,(,其他事物,),相矛盾,n,.,矛盾的说法；反驳,adj,.,矛盾的；抵触的,8,vt,.,违反，违背,n,.,违反；侵害,9,vt,.,款待,n,.,治疗,oppose,opposite,opposition,contradict,contradiction,contradictory,violate,violation,treat,treatment,考纲知识预览,10,n,.,储存,vi,.储存，存放,11,vt,.,禁止,n,.,禁止；禁令,12,adj,.,彻底的；细致的,prep,.(,形近词,),穿过，通过,13.,adj,.,系统化的,n,.,系统,storage,store,prohibit,prohibition,thorough,through,systematic,system,考纲知识预览,14,n,.,大笔钱财；巨款,adj,.,幸运的,adj,.(,反义词,),不幸的,15,n,.,担心，担忧,v,.,关心，涉及，有关,adj,.,担心的，关心的，相关的,prep,.,关于，有关,fortune,fortunate,unfortunate,concernconcern,concerned,concerning,考纲知识预览,1,徒然；白费力气,2,不管多大代价，无论如何,3,立刻，马上,4,彻底毁灭,5,终止；消灭,6,无论如何；至少,7,偶然发现或遇见,8,推迟，拖延,高频短语,in vain,at all costs,straight away,wipe out,stop,sth.in,its tracks,at any rate,come across,put off,考纲知识预览,9,开始做,10,仔细检查；复习,11,教育；养育；使注意到；引述,12,经历；通过；搜查,13,通过,(,考试等,),；完成,14,知道；明白,15,清理；清除；解决；说明,(,神秘的事物等,),16,随便地，随意地,17,永久地,get down to,go over,bring.up,go through,get through,be aware of,clear.up,at random,for good,考纲知识预览,1,.the Spanish Flu the most acute epidemic in history.,西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。,2,.we have to,there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.,我们必须有信心将会有消灭禽流感的方法。,常考句型,is believed to have been,have faith that,考纲知识预览,2,.we have to,there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.,我们必须有信心将会有消灭禽流感的方法。,3,When he went to the doctor that day,he,what was about to happen to him.,当那天他去看病时，他一定不知道什么事将会发生在他身上。,have faith that,could not have known,考纲知识预览,4,thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.,很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。,It seems a real pity that,名师一线讲坛,1.abuse,vt,.&n,滥用；虐待；辱骂,abuse ones authority/position/power,滥用职权,/,权力,abuse a child,虐待小孩,an abuse of position,职权的滥用,an abuse of drugs,药物的滥用,单词点击,点对点,名师一线讲坛,Laws have been passed to prevent government officials from abusing their power.,通过立法防止官员滥用权力。,They were so rude that they often abused each other in public.,他们很粗鲁，经常在大庭广众之下彼此辱骂。,What she did was an abuse of her position as manager.她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。,名师一线讲坛,1,It has been revealed that some government,leaders_their,authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.,A,employ,B,take,C,abuse D,overlook,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析,：,选,C,。,句意：一些政府领导被揭露滥用职权，非法为个人谋利。,abuse,滥用，妄用,(,权力等,),；,(,不当地,),使用；,employ,雇用，使用；,take,拿，取；,overlook,俯瞰，眺望；忽略。,名师一线讲坛,2.tolerate,vt,.,容忍；忍受,tolerate(sb./ones)doing,sth,.,容忍（某人）做某事,be tolerant of/towards,sb./sth,.,容忍某人,/,某物,have no tolerance for jokes of any kind,容不得开任何玩笑,the tolerable levels of pollution,可接受的污染程度,名师一线讲坛,(1)tolerate,常用于否定句。,(2)tolerate,后接动名词，但不接不定式。,I wont tolerate your bad manners any longer.,我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态度了。,(,朗文,P,1628,),The plants are tolerant of frost.,这些植物耐霜。,思维拓展,名师一线讲坛,He never could tolerate bores.,他从来忍受不了那些令人讨厌的人。,(,朗文,P,1628,),a tolerant father,宽容的父亲,(,朗文,P,1628,),Many old people have a very limited tolerance to cold.,许多老年人对寒冷的忍受力很差。,(,朗文,P,1628,),名师一线讲坛,2,Smoking has,been_in,more and more public places,which was once just in places like gas stations.,A,preserved B,prohibited,C,ignored D,tolerated,解析,：,选,B,。,吸烟在越来越多的场合被“禁止”。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,3.oppose,vt,.,反对,opposed adj.,相反的，对立的,oppose A against/to B,把,A,与,B,相对照或相比,oppose oneself to,反对,sb.be,opposed to,sth,./doing,sth,.某人反对某事,as opposed to,与,相对；与,成对比,名师一线讲坛,Most citizens opposed the bill.,许多市民反对这项议案。,200 attended,，,as opposed to 300 the previous year.,出席的有,200,人，而前一年是,300,人。,Your evidence opposes the fact.,你的证据与事实相背。,Im strongly opposed to your suggestion.,我坚决反对你的建议。,名师一线讲坛,3,What excuse did John give for his rudeness at the meeting?,He didnt even mention it,，,_ explain it.,A,let alone,B,and even not,C,or not,D,as opposed to,解析,：,选,A,。,let alone,在此意为“更不用说”。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,4.seek v.,寻求；追求；探求；探索；,(,正式,),试图,seek after/for,sb./sth,.,寻求某人,/,某物,seek ones fortune,寻找成功（致富）的机会,seek,sth,.from sb.,向某人请求某事（某物）,seek,sb./sth.out,搜寻出；（在一群中）找出,seek to do,sth,.,试图做,名师一线讲坛,They are seeking him everywhere.,他们正到处找他。,She managed to calm him down and seek help from a,neighbour,.,她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。,He is going to Canada to seek his fortune.,他想去加拿大挣大钱。,名师一线讲坛,4,He is,always_fault,with other people though he doesnt do his own work properly.,A,seeking B,looking,C,finding D,putting,解析,：,选,C,。,seek,意为“寻找”；,look“,看,(,不及物动词,)”,；,find,意为“找到”；,put,意为“放”。,find fault with,意为“挑毛病”。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,5.postpone,vt,.,推迟；延期,postpone,sth.(to,sth,.),推迟某事物；使某事物推迟,be postponed for an hour,推迟,1,个小时,postpone doing,sth,.,推迟做某事,postpone,sth.until,/to,推迟；耽搁；使延期,名师一线讲坛,Well have to postpone the meeting until next week.,我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周举行。,They decided to postpone building the new school.,他们决定延迟兴建新学校。,名师一线讲坛,postpone,，,delay,，,put off,三个词或词组后都不可以跟不定式。,(1)postpone,是正式用语，语义较强，指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间，在多数情况下，后面说明何时进行。,(2)delay,指暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行，后跟耽搁的原因。,(3)put off,与,postpone,大致同义，但较口语化。,比较网站,名师一线讲坛,The game has already been postponed three times.,这场比赛已经三度延期了。,(,牛津,P,1337,),Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.,路远乘车上下班的人今天要在路上耽误很多时间了。,(,牛津,P,448,),He keeps putting off going to visit his uncle.,他把看望他叔叔这件事一托再托。,名师一线讲坛,5,翻译句子,(1),由于下雨我们推迟了比赛。答案：,We postponed the match because of rain.,(2),咱们在获取更多信息之后再做决定也不迟。,_,答案：,Lets postpone making a decision until we have more information.,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,(3),由于双方队员的冲突，比赛被迫推迟半个小时。,_,答案：,The match was postponed for half an hour because of the conflict of players of the two sides.,名师一线讲坛,6.prohibit,vt,禁止；阻止,prohibit.from doing,sth,.,禁止,做某事,prohibit smoking,禁止吸烟,名师一线讲坛,Smoking in this railway carriage is strictly prohibited.,本列车车厢严格禁止吸烟。,We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.,工作时间内我们不得喝酒。,The price prohibited us from buying it.,这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。,名师一线讲坛,6,Chinese customs regulations _ taking precious works of art out of China.,A,prohibit,B,forbid,C,avoid D,repel,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析,：,选,A,。,句意：中国海关条例规定禁止将珍贵的文物带出中国。,prohibit,和,forbid,这两个词都有“禁止”之意，但应用范围不同：,prohibit,用于上级部门的正式法令、规定或权威机构的法律、法令；,forbid,用于普通人之间，如禁止做某事或不让某人做某事。,avoid,避免；,repel,抵制，排斥，击退。,名师一线讲坛,7.contradict,vt,.,与,(,其他事物,),相矛盾；反驳，否认，顶嘴,contradict,sth,.,同,矛盾,/,抵触,contradict sb.,反驳某人,contradiction,矛盾的说法；反驳,in contradiction to,与,互相矛盾,contradictory statements,矛盾说法,名师一线讲坛,If you contradict me once more,，,youre fired.,你再顶撞我一次，我就解雇你！,(,朗文,P,323,),Their alibis contradict each other.,关于他们不在犯罪现场的辩词相互矛盾。,(,朗文,P,323,),Its a contradiction to say you support the government but would not vote for it in an election.,名师一线讲坛,你说你支持政府，但又在选举中不投它的票，这是自相矛盾的。,(,朗文,P,323,),Your,behaviour,is,in(direct)contradiction,to your principles.,你的行为与你的原则互相矛盾。,(,朗文,P,324,),名师一线讲坛,7,完成句子,(1),他不敢顶撞他的父母。,He didnt,dare_his,parents.,答案：,to contradict,(2),他们的短期重点和长期目标互相矛盾。,Their,shortterm,priorities are_ _their,longterm,goals.,答案：,in direct contradiction to,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,8.decline v,(,使,),下降；衰退；谢绝,n.,下降；衰退,（,1,）,decline by,下降,decline to do,sth,.,拒绝干某事,（,2,）,fall into(a)decline,开始衰退,be in decline,处于下降、衰退中,on the decline,在走下坡路；在衰退（减少）,The town fell into(a)decline after the mine closed.,这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。,名师一线讲坛,decline,，,refuse,，,reject,(1)decline,作“拒绝”之意时，常指有礼貌地回绝，婉言谢绝，其主语只能是人。,(2)refuse,语气比,decline,重，主语可以是人也可以是物。,(3)reject,比,refuse,语气更重，意为“抛弃，拒收，不采纳”。,比较网站,名师一线讲坛,I offered to give him a lift but he declined.,我主动邀请他搭车但他婉言谢绝了。,She refused to accept that there was a problem.,她拒不承认有问题存在。,(,牛津,P,1452,),Ive been rejected by all the universities I applied to.,所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。,(,牛津,P,1457,),名师一线讲坛,8,完成句子,(1),很抱歉，明天晚上我没空，所以必须谢绝你的邀请。,Im sorry,，,but Im not free tomorrow evening so I have to _.,答案：,decline your invitation,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,(2),全球经济自,2008,年以来一直在走下坡路。,Global economy_ _ since 2008.,答案：,has been in decline,名师一线讲坛,9.equip,vt,.,使有准备；配备；装备,equipment n,U,装备；设备,equip,sb./sth,.with,sth,.,用某物装备某人,/,物,equip sb./,sth,.for(doing),sth,.,为（做）某事而准备,sb.be,equipped to do,sth,.,某人有准备做某事,equip,sb.to,do,sth,.,使某人能够做某事,be equipped with,sth,.,装备有某物,a piece of equipment,一件设备,名师一线讲坛,Our classroom is equipped with a TV set and a tape recorder.,我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。,A good education should equip you for life.,良好的教育能使你受用终生。,Our school has been given some new equipment.,我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。,名师一线讲坛,9,We want to_ our children with some special skills,thus,they can live better in the future.,A,prepare B,equip,C,permit D,allow,解析,：,选,B,。,句意：我们想使我们的小孩具有某些特长，这样，他们才能在将来生活得更好。,equip,使,本身具有,(,必要的学问、能力之类,),，符合句意。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,10,The factory is equipped_ modern machinery and uses the most recent techniques.,A,with B,on,C,by D,into,解析,：,选,A,。,equip.with.“,以,配备,”,，,be equipped with modern machinery,配备现代化机械。,名师一线讲坛,10.temporary adj.,临时的，短暂的,a temporary job,一项临时工作,a temporary lecturer,临时演讲者,a temporary setback,短暂的挫折,be temporarily unavailable,暂时得不到,名师一线讲坛,Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.,学生们常常在暑假打临工。,(,朗文,P,1589,),We apologize for the temporary inconvenience caused by these building works.,对于建筑施工造成的短期不便，我们谨致歉意。,(,朗文,P,1589,),The daily flight to Dallas has been temporarily suspended.,每天飞往达拉斯的航班暂停。,(,朗文,P,1589,),名师一线讲坛,temporary,的反义词为,permanent,adj,.“,永久的，持久的”。,思维拓展,名师一线讲坛,11,翻译句子,(1),半数以上的职员是临时雇员。,_,答案：,More than half of the staff are temporary.,(2),她只是暂时在这儿工作。,_,答案：,Shes only working here temporarily.,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,单项填空,Today I changed my room with Jack,，,so I had new_.,A,schoolmates,B,deskmates,C,roommates,解析,：,选,C,。,此处指“我”交换房间后有了新的室友。,单词巧记,名师一线讲坛,归纳与比较：,mate(,后缀,),同伴,后缀,n,.(,名词,),原名词,mate,-mate,(,同伴,),school,学校,schoolmate,校友work,工作,workmate,工友，同事,room,房间,roommate,室友,desk,桌子,deskmate,同桌,team,队,teammate,队友,class,班级,classmate,同学,名师一线讲坛,【,经典案例,】,When I was a middle school student,we changed seats once a month,so I had many _.,A,workmates,B,deskmates,C,desk,【,解析,】,因为经常交换座位，所以同桌有很多。,【,答案,】,B,名师一线讲坛,11.in vain,徒然，白费力气,vain adj.,自负的；自视过高的；空洞的，无用的；无谓的,a vain attempt,无用的尝试,vain promises,空头的许诺,vainly adv.,徒劳地,短语扫描,线连线,名师一线讲坛,We tried in vain to make him change his mind.,我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。,We tried vainly to persuade her not to go.,我们劝她别去，她不听。,He was vain about his looks,spending hours in the gym.,他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是几个小时。,名师一线讲坛,12,We,tried_to,persuade him to stay home,but at last,he went to the construction site in spite of his bad illness.,A,vain,B,in vain,C,in fact D,in vainly,解析,：,选,B,。,句意：我们极力劝说他待在家，但大都是徒劳的，尽管他生着重病，最后还是去了工地。,in vain(,vainly),徒劳地，白费力气地。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,12.at all costs,不管多大代价；无论如何,at the cost of,丧失；牺牲at a cost of,以,的费用,/,价格,at any cost,以任何代价,to ones cost,使某人遭受损失,名师一线讲坛,He saved his son from drowning but only at the cost of his own life.,他救了溺水的儿子，但自己却丢了性命。,You are not to allow anyone to leave the house at all costs.,无论如何你一定不要让任何人离开这个房子。,Its not worth arguing with him as I have learnt to my cost.和他争论是不值得的，因为我已经尝过苦头了。,名师一线讲坛,13,完成句子,(1)He is determined to win_ _(,无论如何,),答案：,at any cost,(2)The young policeman saved the little girl from the fire,but _ _(,以自己的生命为代价,),答案：,at the cost of his own life,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,13.at any rate,无论如何，至少,at this/that rate,照这,/,那种情况继续下去,at a rate of,以,的速度,/,比率,birth/unemployment/divorce rate,出生,/,失业,/,离婚率,success/failure rate,成功,/,失败率,名师一线讲坛,We may miss the next bus,but at any rate well be there before midday.,我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车，但无论如何，中午以前我们总可以到那里。,At this rate,we will soon be bankrupt.,照这样下去，我们很快就会破产。,名师一线讲坛,14,I may be away on business next week but_ Ill be back by Friday.,A,at any rate,B,at a rate,C,at this rate,D,at the rate,解析,：,选,A,。,at this rate,照这样；,at any rate,意为“不管怎么样”。句意：我可能下周出差，但无论如何我周五要返回来。故选,A,。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,14.at random,随便地，随意地,random adj.,胡乱的；任意的，随机的,a random sample of voters,随机抽样挑出的投票者,randomly selected/distributed,随意挑选的,/,任意分配的,an element of randomness to the situation,形势的不稳定因素,名师一线讲坛,The people for the experiment were chosen completely at random.,用来做实验的人完全是随意挑选的。,(,朗文,P,1241,),He fired a few random shots.,他乱放了几枪。,(,朗文,P,1241,),名师一线讲坛,15,He opened the,book_and,started reading.,A,in vain B,full of faith,C,at once D,at random,解析,：,选,D,。,本题考查介词短语辨析。句意：他随意地打开一本书就开始读起来。,in vain,徒然；,full of faith,满怀信心；,at once,立刻；,at random,随便地，随意地。根据句意，答案为,D,。,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,16,He was not listening and made a _answer to the teachers question.,A,random B,careful,C,strict D,at random,解析,：,选,A,。,本题考查词义辨析。句意：他没有听讲，对教师的问题乱答一通。,random,意为“胡乱的，随便的”；,careful,仔细的，认真的；,strict,严格的；,at random,为介词短语，意为“随意地；随便地”。根据句意，答案为,A,。,名师一线讲坛,15.【,教材原句,】,.we have to have faith that there will be.,我们必须有信心将会有,【,句法分析,】,本句中,that,引导同位语从句。,that,常用来引导同位语从句，与具有概括性的抽象名词连用，如,news,，,fact,，,idea,，,suggestion,，,warning,，,hope,，,promise,，,thought,，,doubt,，,belief,，,truth,，,request,，,proposal,，,demand,等。,句型探究,面对面,名师一线讲坛,The fact that he won first prize cant be denied.,他赢得一等奖的事实不容否认。,In spite of the fact that he is over sixty,，,he is still full of spirit.,尽管他已经,60,多岁了，但仍然精力充沛。,Have you heard the news that Mary will be back soon?,你听到玛丽不久就要回来的消息了吗？,I dont agree on the idea that you will go abroad.,我不同意你要出国的想法。,名师一线讲坛,【,注意,】,that,引导同位语从句时，只起到引导词的作用，在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略。,名师一线讲坛,除,that,外，,wh,词,(,包括,how),也可以引导同位语从句。,You have no idea how anxious we were then.,你不知道我们当时多么焦急。,I have no idea when he will be back.,我不知道他什么时候回来。,The question whether he should give it up has been worrying him for days.,他该不该放弃这个问题几天来一直困扰着他。,思维拓展,名师一线讲坛,17,There is no doubt,，,in my opinion,，,_matters is not the speed,，,but the quality of the product.,A,what,what,B,that that,C,that if,D,that what,即时训练,名师一线讲坛,解析,：,选,D,。,that,引导一个同位语从句，在这个同位语从句中又有一个主语从句：,what matters,。句意：依我看，毫无疑问，重要的不是速度，而是产品的质量。,名师一线讲坛,16.【,教材原句,】,It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.,很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。,【,句法分析,】,(1),在“,It seems,n./adj,.,that,从句”中，,it,为形式主语，,that,从句为真正的主语。,名师一线讲坛,(2)seem“,好像，似乎”，可用于以下句型：,名师一线讲坛,It seemed that he had known the truth.,He seemed to have known the truth.,他好像知道了真相。,His father,seems(to,be)strict.,他父亲似乎很严厉。,There seemed to be a voice in the distance.,似乎远处有人说话。,It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.,我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。,名师一线讲坛,18,He_as,if he has known the news.,A,appeared,B,seemed,C,appears,D,seems,解析,：,选,D,。,appear,不能与,as if,连用，排除,A,和,C,；再从时态看可以排除,B,。,即时训练,随堂即时检测,点击进入,课时活页训练,点击进入,