高考英语 Module3知识与要点课件 外研版选修8 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,Foreign Food(,外国食品,),语法,Review of attributes and attributive clauses(,复习定语和定语从句,),重点词汇及拓展,1.,owe,v,应给予,2.,obsess,v,使着迷,3.,greedily,ad,v,.,贪婪地,4.,infamous,adj,.,臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的,5.,fixed,adj,.,固定的,6.,remark,v,谈到，说起,7.,casually,ad,v,.,随意地,8.,compliment,n,赞美,9.,trend,n,趋势，趋向,10.,artificial,adj,.,人造的；人工的,11.,ripe,adj,.(,水果或庄稼,),成熟的,12.,ample,adj,.,充足的；充裕的,13.,transform,v,转化；转变,14.,manner,n,方式；方法,manners,n,行为；礼貌,15.,requirement,n,要求,require,v,要求,16.,abundant,adj,.,丰富的；充裕的,abundance,n,丰富；充裕,17.,taste,n,味道,tasteful,adj,.,美味的，可口的,tasteless,adj,.,无味的,18.,consume,v,(,正式,),吃，喝,consumer,n,消费者,19.,consequence,n,后果,consequent,adj,.,因,的结果而引起的,重点短语,1.no,wonder,难怪,2.,end,up,结束,3.,make,out,看出，理解,4.go,against,违反，违背,5.what,t,more,而且,6.have.in,common,与,有共同点,7.set,fire,to,放火烧,8.,transform,.into.,把,转变为,9.put.,down,放下，写下，镇压,10.in,short,总之；简言之,11.be,popular,with,受欢迎,重点句型,1.The first time I saw a three,year,old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken,s head I had bad dreams for weeks.,当我第一次看到一个三岁的孩子高兴地啃着一个鸡头时，我做了好几周的噩梦。,2.the barbecue is not just.but.,烧烤野餐不仅,而且,1,manner n,方式，方法；,(,常用复数,),风俗，习惯，礼貌，规矩,归纳拓展,(1)in a/the.manner,以,的方式,in the manner of,以,的风格,manner of(doing)sth.,的方式,in a manner,in a way/in some degree,在某种意义上,(2)manners,礼貌，礼仪；风俗,be in good,/bad manners,有,/,无礼貌,Its good,/bad manners to do sth.,做某事是有,/,没有礼貌的,例句：,The manner of their meeting makes a good story.,他们相见的方式似乎有些传奇色彩。,It is bad manners to leave without saying goodbye.,不辞而别很不礼貌。,We listened to her story in an interesting manner.,我们饶有兴趣地听她的故事。,同类辨析,manner,，,means,，,method,与,way,(1)manner,表示,“,方式、方法,”,，指人喜欢采用的方式。,(2)means,表示,“,方法、手段、工具、财产,”,。,例句：,The quickest means of travel is by plane.,最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。,(3)method,指做某事的具体步骤或程序，也指系统、抽象概念的原理。,例如：,method of teaching,教学方法；,method of study,学习方法,(4)way,是最通用的词，也是最不正式的词。本义是,“,通路,”,，引申作,“,方式、方法,”,讲，含义很广。,例句：,In this way over several days,，,the artist and his mouse became friends.,就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。,【,链接训练,】,It is_to come into teachers,office without teachers,permission.,A,manner,B,a manner,C,good manners D,bad manners,【,解析,】,句意为：未经老师们的允许进入老师的办公室是很不礼貌的。,manner,作,“,礼貌,”,讲时，通常用其复数形式。,【,答案,】,D,2,abundant adj.,丰富的；充裕的,归纳拓展,(1)an abundant year,丰年,be abundant in,在,方面很丰富,(2)abundance,n,丰富；充裕,in abundance,大量；丰盛；充裕,an abundance of,丰富的；充裕的,例句：,The plants in this area are very abundant.,这个地域的植物很丰富。,The Changjiang River valley is abundant in resources.,长江流域资源丰富。,He has kept an abundance of records in weight lifting.,他在举重方面保持多项记录。,【,链接训练,】,We are happy that the tree yields an/a _ of fruit.,A,abundant B,response,C,abundance D,attendance,【,解析,】,an abundance of,为固定用法，意为,“,丰富的，充裕的,”,。句意为：这棵树结了那么多的果实，我们很高兴。,【,答案,】,C,3,consequence n,后果，结果，影响,(,需用复数形式,),；重要性,归纳拓展,(1)as a consequence,in consequence,结果，因此,as a consequence of,in consequence of,由于；因为,的缘故,answer for the consequences,对后果负责,take,/suffer/,bear the consequences,承担后果,be of no consequence(to sb.),对,无关紧要,(2)consequent,adj,.,结局的，由某事物引起,consequently,ad,v,.,因而，所以,例句：,He may be a man of consequence in his own country,，,but he,s nobody here.,尽管他在自己的国家举足轻重，但在此他却毫不显眼。,The animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical.,这些动物因为接触了这种化学物质而死亡。,You have to take the consequences of the accident.,你必须承担这次事故的责任。,【,链接训练,】,Well,，,if you insist on eating so much,，,you will have to suffer the _.,A,consequences B,exercises,C,evidence D,exchanges,【,解析,】,consequence,作,“,结果，后果,”,讲时，常用复数，指不好的结果；,suffer the consequences,意为,“,承担后果，自食恶果,”,。,【,答案,】,A,4,transform vt.,改变，改造；使改观；使转化,归纳拓展,(1)transform.into.,把,改变成,transform sb./sth.from.,从,中转变,(2)transformation,n,转化，改变,transformation from sth.to sth.,从,到,的转变,transformer,n,变压器,例句：,The appearance of electricity transformed people,s lives.,电的出现改变了人类的生活。,In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.,这个国家只用了,20,年就变成了一个先进的工业强国。,He has made a complete transformation from a comedian to a dramatic actor.,他已从喜剧演员彻底转型为正剧演员。,【,链接训练,】,Mr.Smith is no longer the man he used to be.Success and wealth have_him a lot.,A,trained B,translated,C,transported D,transformed,【,解析,】,考查动词短语辨析。,train,“,训练,”,；,translate,“,翻译,”,；,transport,“,运输,”,；,transform,“,转变成,”,。句意为：史密斯先生不再是过去那个样子了。成功和财富已经改变了他许多。根据题意可知答案为,D,。,【,答案,】,D,1,no wonder,难怪,归纳拓展,(1)It,s no wonder(that),./No wonder(that),.,难怪,It,s a wonder(that),.,奇怪的是,It,s little/small wonder that.,对,不足为奇,do/work wonders,创造奇迹,(2)wonder at/about(doing)sth.,对,好奇；想知道,wonder to do sth.,知道做某事,wonder,if/whether,clause,不知道能否,例句：,No wonder he was so tired,he stayed up late that night.,难怪他那么疲倦,他那晚熬夜到很晚。,It,s a wonder you recognized me after all these years.,让人惊奇的是，过了这么多年之后你还认得我。,I was wondering whether you would like to come to the theatre with me?,不知道你是否愿和我一起去看戏？,【,链接训练,】,What a_it is that he remained alive after dropping from the roof of a ten,storied building.,A,wonder,B,wander,C,surprise,D,rider,【,解析,】,句意为：他从一幢十层楼高的建筑物的屋顶上摔下来，仍然活着，真让人想不到。,What a wonder,！真想不到！,wonder(,n,.),“,奇迹，奇观,”,。,【,答案,】,A,2,make out(,勉强地,),看出，听出，理解；开出，填写；辨认出；声称，断言,归纳拓展,make.out of.,把,改成，用,做成,make up for,弥补，补偿,make fun of,取笑,make a difference,有关系，有影响,make it,做成；成功,例句：,They could not make out the road where they came.,他们认不出他们来时的路。,He asked the children if they could make out what he meant by that.,他问孩子们是否能明白他指的是什么。,She always makes out shes the only one who does any work.,她总是声称她是唯一干了点儿活的人。,He,s finally bought a computer,，,and is making up for the lost time.,他最终买了台电脑，要把损失的时间弥补回来。,【,链接训练,】,The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to _.,A,make it out B,make it off,C,make it up D,make it over,【,解析,】,考查,make out,用作,“,理解，明白,”,之意。句意为：这个想法如此困惑以至于我停了好几秒试图将其弄明白。,【,答案,】,A,Some students don,t realize the good use _ the time.,A,Tom made of B,which Tom makes,C,for Tom to make D,Tom makes,【,解析,】,考查,“,make use of,利用,”,的固定用法。此处用其被动形式。,【,答案,】,A,3,set fire to sth.(,set sth.on fire),纵火烧，放火烧,归纳拓展,catch fire,着火,(,表动作,),be on fire,着火,(,表状态,),put out a/the fire,灭火,play with fire,玩火,make,/start/,light a fire,点火,escape from the fire,逃离火境,fight the fire,救火,go through fire and water,赴汤蹈火，历尽艰险,例句：,Whoever set the hospital on fire will be punished.,任何在医院纵火的人都要受到惩罚。,When his house caught fire,，,all the neighbours came to rescue.,当他的房子着火的时候所有的邻居都来救火。,It took firefighters several hours to put out the fire.,消防队员花了数小时才把火扑灭。,【,链接训练,】,When the fire police got there,，,the building_fire,，,but no one knew when the building_fire.,A,was on,；,had caught,B,caught,；,was on,C,was on,；,caught,D,was being on,；,had caught,【,解析,】,第一个空表状态，第二个空表动作事实，由于受到,when,的影响，后面用过去式。,be on fire,“,着火,”,(,表状态,),；,catch fire,“,着火,”,(,表动作,),。,【,答案,】,C,The first time I saw a three,year,old kid cheerfully chewing a chicken,s head I had bad dreams for weeks.,我第一次看到一个三岁大的孩子高兴地啃着一个鸡头时，我做了好几周的噩梦。,归纳拓展,(1)the first time,相当于从属连词，引导时间状语从句，可译为,“,第一次,”,。,(2)the first time,名词短语可相当于连词，引导一个时间状语从句，有此用法的还有,the moment,，,the minute,，,every time,，,each time,，,next time,等。,例句：,The first time he was there,，,he received a warm welcome by the villagers.,他第一次到达那儿的时候就受到了村民们的热情欢迎。,He said he would inform me the moment he arrived in Beijing.,他说他一到北京就通知我。,Every/Each time my father comes to Beijing,，,he goes to visit the Monument to the People,s Heroes with respect.,我父亲每次来北京，都要去拜谒人民英雄纪念碑。,同类辨析,for the first time,与,the first time,for the first time,只能用作句子的状语，不可用来引导状语从句，它不具有连词的功能，这是与,the first time,的区别。另外，与之相似且易混淆的句型还有：,(1)It,/This/,That is,/was the first/,second time,that,clause,是个很重要的句型，其用法是：当前面的,be,动词是,is,时，后面句子用现在完成时；当前面是,was,时，后面句子用过去完成时。其表达的意义是,“,某人第几次做某事,”,。,(2)It is,/was(high)time that sb.should do sth./,did sth.,也是一个常用句型，其意义是,“,到了做某事的时候了,”,，相当于,It is/was time for sb.to do sth.,，句型中的,should,一般不可省略。,【,链接训练,】,_ I went to the seaside,，,I picked up a great many shells.,A,For the first time B,At first,C,It was the first time D,The first time,【,解析,】,此题考查,the first time,用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为,“,第一次,”,。句意为：我第一次去海边的时候，捡了许多贝壳。,【,答案,】,D,This is the second time that you _ late this week.,A,had arrived B,arrived,C,have arrived D,arrive,【,解析,】,This,/It is the first/,second.time,that,从句，从句中一般用现在完成时，如果把前面的,is,改为,was,，则,that,从句用过去完成时，故答案为,C,。,【,答案,】,C,1,复习定语,修饰名词或者代词的词、短语或者从句称为定语。形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式,(,短语,),、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等都可用来作定语。,(1),形容词,当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前，要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材用，具体意指：限定词,(,一般指数量,),；外观,(,美丽等,),；形状,(,大小，高矮，胖瘦,),；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。,例句：,A bright future shines before my eyes.,光明的未来展现在我面前。,(2),分词,(,短语,),例句：,China is a developing country,；,America is a developed country.,中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。,Who is the man shaking hands with our teacher?,和我们老师握手的那个人是谁？,(3),名词,例句：,They are going to put up a wall newspaper next week.,他们打算下周出墙报。,woman,，,man,作定语时，当所修饰词为单数时，它们用单数；当所修饰词为复数时，它们用复数，但,boy,，,girl,一律用单数。名词作定语时，一般用单数，但某些常用复数的词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数。如,arms production,武器生产；,clothes shop,服装商店。,(4),代词,例句：,His rapid progress in English made us surprised.,他在英语方面的快速进步使我们很吃惊。,(5),数词,(,表示数量,),例句：,More than thirty students in our class have read the book.,我们班上,30,多个学生读过这本书。,(6),名词所有格,例句：,You should follow the doctor,s advice and do more exercise.,你应该听从医生的建议，多运动。,(7),不定式,例句：,Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.,我们的班长总是第一个进教室。,(8),动名词,例句：,He walks with the help of a walking stick.,他在手杖的帮助下行走。,(9),介词短语,例句：,He is reading an article about how to learn English.,他正在读一篇有关如何学习英语的文章。,(10),副词,(,多位于被修饰词之后,),例句：,The man in the room below is friendly.,楼下房间的那个人很友好。,(11),从句,例句：,There is nothing that worries him.,没有什么事使他烦恼。,【,链接训练,】,On Feb.15,2006,，,Wang Meng won the third_for China after Yang Yang embraced two at the 2002 Salt Lake City Games.,A,Winter Olympic gold medal,B,Winter Olympic golden medal,C,Winter,s Olympic gold medal,D,Winter,s Olympic golden medal,【,解析,】,考查多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时的排序，其顺序一般为：限定词大小、形状新旧、颜色国家、材料用途、类别中心词，由此可知，答案为,A,。,【,答案,】,A,This shop sells _clothing.,A,child,s and woman,s,B,children and women,s,C,children,s and women,D,children,s and women,s,【,解析,】,名词所有格中，如果表示各自所有的物品，两个名词后都要加,s,。句意为：这个商店卖童装和女装。,【,答案,】,D,_ turned to their favourite popular singer.,A,All the present girls B,All the girls present,C,The all present girls D,The present all girls,【,解析,】,考查定语的位置。,all,应位于冠词,the,的前面，故排除,C,、,D,；,present,若在名词之前，意为,“,现在的,”,，故,A,项不合句意；,present,意为,“,出席的；在场的,”,，应置于名词之后，故选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,2,复习定语从句,(1),基本用法,关系代词：,who,，,whom,，,that,，,which,，,as,，,whose,例句：,This is the man whom you are looking for.,这就是你一直在找的人。,(whom,代替,the man,在从句中作,look for,的宾语,),Is he the boy who/that survived the earthquake?,他就是那个在地震中幸存的孩子吗？,(that,可以代替,who,指人，但多用,who),关系副词：,when,，,where,，,why,例句：,I have found a peaceful place where I can study.,我找到了一个能学习的安静的地方。,(where,in/at which),This is the reason why he was absent.,这就是他为什么缺席的原因。,(why,for which),注意：,when,on,/in which,；,where,on/,in/at which,；,why,for which,(2),定语从句需要注意的几个问题,如果关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语，关系代词可以省略。但是如果关系代词是放在介词后面作宾语，则不能省略。,whose,不能省略。,例句：,Is there anything(that)I can do for you,？,(that,可省略,),有什么我可以帮忙的吗？,This is the girl with whom I work.(,不可省略,),这就是跟我一起工作的女孩子。,如果关系代词前有介词，只能用,which/whom,，不能用,that,或,who,。但如果介词位于后面，则可以。,例句：,This is the question about which we have had so much discussion in the past few years.(,不可用,that),这就是这些年来我们一直在争论的问题。,The people with whom he worked thought he was a bit strange.(,不可用,who,或,that),与他一起工作的人觉得他有一点儿奇怪。,如果先行词是,allmuch,，,little,，,everything,，,anything,，,none,，,everyone,，,something,等不定代词时，一般用,that,，不可用,which,引导定语从句。,例句：,Just tell me anything that you know about him.,告诉我所有你知道的关于他的事情。,先行词如果有形容词最高级或,first,，,last,，,only,，,very,，,no,，,any,等修饰时，一般用,that,引导定语从句。,例句：,He was the only person that was present on the scene.,他是唯一在现场的人。,Hangzhou is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.,杭州是我曾经旅游过的最美的城市。,在非限制性定语从句中不能用,that,，引导词也不能省略，且从句用逗号与主句隔开。,例句：,He often has a morning walk,，,which does his heart good.,他经常晨走，这对他的心脏有好处。,关系代词,as,可引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的意思，可在句首、句中或句末，常译为,“,正如,”,。,as,还可与,the same,，,such,构成固定词组，引导限制性定语从句。,例句：,More America troops will be sent to Middle East,，,as I have learnt from the newspaper.,我从报纸上读到，将有更多美国军队进驻中东。,As is known to all,，,money is the root of all evils.,众所周知，金钱是万恶之源。,【,链接训练,】,This is an unpleasant subject_we might argue for a long while.,A,in which B,with that,C,about which D,with it,【,解析,】,考查,“,介词关系代词,”,引导定语从句。,argue about sth.,“,为某事而争辩,”,。句意为：这是一个我们可能会争论好久的不愉快的话题。,【,答案,】,C,Do you have anything in mind _you,d like for supper?,Well,，,_is okay with me.,A,that,；,anything B,which,；,everything,C,what,；,whatever D,where,；,something,【,解析,】,句意为：,晚餐你有什么想吃的吗？,哦，什么都行。定语从句中先行词为,anything,，所以只能用,that,来引导，故排除,B,、,C,、,D,项。,【,答案,】,A,However,，,there are many more stations set up _ mothers can donate their extra milk for other womens babies.,A,where B,which,C,whose D,what,【,解析,】,先行词是,stations,，,set up,是后置定语，从句中缺少地点状语，所以用,where,引导表地点的定语从句。,【,答案,】,A,Did you buy the same pen _ I lost yesterday?,A,that B,as,C,/D,which,【,解析,】,注意,the same.as,与,the same.that,的区别。,as,引导的定语从句的内容与主句所指的事物,“,相似,”,，指同类事物；,that,引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是,“,同一物,”,。本句问的是,“,你是否买到了和我昨天丢的那支一样的钢笔？,”,，所以选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents_students got injured or killed while in school.,A,in which B,for which,C,which D,when,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。该句中的,which,是引导词，引导定语从句修饰先行词,accidents,。句意为,“,由于学生在学校受伤或死亡的不断报道，学校安全成为一个重要问题。,【,答案,】,A,