高中英语 专题二代词课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,代词,高考对代词的考察呈现出两大特点：,1.,旧的热点仍在，如对不定代词的考察，新的考察热点在逐步形成，如，对,it,的考察。,2.,加强在特定的语境中对代词与其他相关语法的综合考察。,突破方法：,首先从整体上把握代词的知识，如代词种类的划分：（,1,）人称代词（,2,）物主代词：形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词。（,3,）反身代词（,4,）指示代词（,5,）相互代词,（,6,）不定代词（,7,）疑问代词（,8,）连接代词,（名词性从句）（,9,）关系代词（定语从句）,其次，要重点掌握几组易混词，尤其是不定代词间的用法区别。,一、人称代词,1.,当说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象的性别时，可以用,it,来表示。,Its a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?,2.,人称代词有时也可用作名词,Its not a she;its a he.,3.,人称代词单独使用时，一般不用主格而用宾格。,-Glad to meet you.-,Me,too,.,4.,代词,they(,不分性别）代表已提到过的一些人或事物。,The browns phoned.,They,re coming round,this evening.,-Susan,go and join your sister,cleaning the yard.,-Why,me,?John is sitting there doing nothing.,人,称,代,词,格,一,单,二,单,三（单数）,一,复,二,复,三,复,主,格,I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they,宾,格,me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them,物主代词,物,主,代,词,人称,一,单,二,单,三（单）,一,复,二,复,三,复,形容词性,my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their,名词性,mine,your,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs,1.,形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，,只能做名词或动名词的定语。,This is,our,classroom.,His father is an engineer.,Would you mind my opening the window?,Our,country is a developing country.,2.,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词,+,名词”，可单独做主语、宾语、表语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及,of,连用，,构成双重所有格，即：,a/an/this/that/these/those/some/any/several/no/each/every/such/another/which,+,名词,+,of+,名词性物主代词。,This is her coat.Mine is over there.,Some friends of mine,will attend my birthday,party.,That car of hers,is always breaking down.,I know each brother of his.,反 身 代 词,一,单,二,单,三（单）,一,复,二,复,三,复,my-self,your-self,him-self,her-self,itself,our-selves,your-selves,them-selves,三反身代词,1.,反身代词基本用法：,1,）宾语,Tom taught himself Chinese.(,动宾）,The boy is old enough to take care of himself.(,介宾）,2,）表语,She is not quite herself today.,3),同位语,I myself can repair the bike.,2.,含有反身代词的惯用语,（,1,）与介词连用,Youll have to see if he has gone to the school,for yourself,.(,亲自）,The computer can shut off of itself.,(=naturally,自动地）,Jim is not bad,in himself,but he is a little shy.,(,本质地）,One would rather have a bedroom,to oneself.(=for ones own private use;not to be shared,独自享用）,One cant play tennis by oneself.(=alone,without help,单独地、独自地）,He was beside himself with joy when he heard he had passed the exam.,(=almost mad with anger/,excitement,etc,.,由于气愤、激动等而发狂、忘形）,（,2,）与代词连用,enjoy yourself!(=Have a good time!),behave yourself.(=be polite;show good manners),使举止良好,absent oneself,缺课、缺勤,devote oneself to,专心于；献身于,apply oneself to,专心致志于,adapt oneself to,适应于,make oneself at home,不要客气,seat oneself(sit),坐,say/talk/tell/think to oneself,暗自（在心中），自言自语,He is always boasting himself.(,自夸）,A moment later,he came to himself.,(=regain self-control or consciousness,，恢复自制力、知觉；苏醒过来）,When he woke up,he found himself in,hospital.(find,oneself,发现自己不知不觉来到）,help oneself to,别客气，请自便，随便取用,四、疑问代词,who(ever,),whomever,),whose(ever,),which(ever,),what(ever,),四、疑问代词,1.what,who,的区别,what,问职业、地位；,who,问姓名或身份。,-Who is that man?-He is her husband.,-What was the man over there?,-He was a doctor.,2.what,which,的区别,which,是在已知范围内进行选择，后面可跟,of,短语；,what,是在未知范围内进行选择，后面不可跟,of,短语。,Which,(of the animals)is bigger,an elephant,or a horse?(,有范围）,What,do you want to read?(,无范围）,3.whatever,whichever,whoever,Whatever,whichever,whoever,分别为,what,which,who,的强调形式，相当于,what/which/,who on earth(in the world),到底（究竟）什么,/,哪一个,/,谁,Whatever do you want?,Whoever gave you the book?,4.What,的习惯用法,what is the population/the distance,/the price of the book/your address,/your attitude/the height/weight/the depth/length/width/size?,不定代词,一、,both,all,either,any,neither,none,的用法,都,任何,都不,两者,两者,或三,者以上,both,either,neither,all,any,none,-Youre always working.Come on,lets go shopping,.,All,you ever want to do is going shopping.,-Theres coffee and tea;You can have,either,.,I had to buy all these books because I didnt,know which one was the best.,二、,none,nothing,nobody(no one),的用法区别,1.none,既可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，常回答,how many,how much,引导的疑问句。,no one,只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答,who,引导的疑问句；,nothing,只能指物，且表泛指概念，常回答,what,引导的疑问句。,-How much money do you have?-None.,-What are you doing now?-Nothing.,2.none,往往与前面的,some/any/,every+,名词连用,;nothing,往往与前面的,something/anything/everything,连用；,no one/nobody,往往与前面,someone/,somebody/everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody,连用。,If I had some money,I would lend him some,but unfortunately,I had none.,3.none,后面可跟,of,短语，而,something/anything/everything/,nothing,和,someone/anyone/everyone/no one,却不能。,As we were asleep,none of us heard the sound.,None of them knew about the plan because,it was kept a secret.,三、,any,every,的区别,any+,名词表示“（三个或三个以上）,”,即：这个或那个或那个；,every+,名词表示,“三个或三个以上中的）每一个”，即：这个和那个和那个。,not any,表示全部否定，而,not,every+,名词表部分否定。,I have many books here,and you can take any one.,Every student has to take the examination.,=All the students have to take the examination.,四、,every,each,的区别,each,强调“个体”，可做代词和形容词，指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”；,every,强调“全体”，只能做定语，指“三个或三个以上”。,each,做同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用,not each,表部分否定。,Each of my children goes to a different school.,He had a cut on each foot.,主语,定语,each,可做主、宾、定、同,Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars.,=The tickets cost 10 dollars each.,=The tickets each cost 10 dollars.,五、全部否定和部分否定,all,both,everyone,everybody,everything,以及,every+,名词都表示,全部肯定,；,no one,none,nobody,nothing,notany,以及,no+,名词都表示全部否定；但当,not,出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管,not,在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外,not,与,总括性副词,主语,同位语,同位语,如,everywhere,always,wholly,altogether,等连用时也表示部分否定。,-One weeks time has been wasted.,-I cant believe we did all that work for nothing.,六、,one,another,the other,some,others,the others,一个,/,一些,另外一个,/,一些,剩余一个,/,一些,单数,复数,one,some,another,others,the other,the others,注意下列句子,Would you please make it some other day?(=another day),He will stay here for,another 3 days,.,(=3 more days),3.He has,no other,close friends like John.,改日,他还要在这里呆三天。,他再也没有像,John,那样的好朋友了。,此外，,the other,后只能加单数名词或复数名词，不可加不可数名词；,但另外一个短语,the rest of(,剩余的）后可以加复数名词还可以加不可数名词；副词,else,只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。,I work on the other,side,of town.,-I like this one?,-What about the other,ones,?,How would you like to spend the rest of the day?,七、,one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those,1.one,用来替代前面出现的,可数名词,，是泛指概念，相当于,a/an+,单数名词；,2.ones,用来替代前面出现的,复数名词,，也是泛指概念；,3.the one,用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时可用,that,替代（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。,4.the ones,用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用,those,替代（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。,5.that,用来替代前面出现的特指的单数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于,the+,单数,/,不可数名词。,Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuablepresent,one(=a present)that,I had never seen.,Mr.Zhang gave me many valuable presents,ones(=many presents)that I had never seen.,The book,on the desk is better than that/the,one(=the book)under the desk.,The books,on the desk are better than those/the ones(=the books)under the desk.,We needed a new cupboard for thekitchen.So Peter made one(=a,cupboard)from some wood we had.(,广西）,Weve been looking at houses but have,not found one(=a house)we like yet.,My most famous relative of all,the one,(=the relative)who really left his mark on,America,was,Reb,Sussel,my great-grandfather.,八、,many,much,few,little,a few,a little,多,少,加复数名词,加不可数名词,many,few,much,little,肯定,否定,加复数名词,加不可数名词,a few,几个,few,少,a little,一点儿,little,少,Theres little cooking oil left in the house.Would you go to the corner,store and get some?,九、与复合不定代词构成的习惯句型,1.He is,nothing but,a clerk.,他只是一个职员。,2.He is,anything but,a clerk.,他绝不是一名职员。,3.He is someone/something/not anybody.,他是个重要人物、出色的人物,/,普普通通的人。,He is,something of,a doctor.She has saved many lives.,她可以说是一位出色的医生，她已救了很多人的命。,十、,it,的用 法,（一）、指代时间、距离、自然现象等。,It is half past two now.(,指时间）,It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.(,距离）,It was very cold in the room.,A lovely day,isnt it?(,天气）,二、指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为,不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。,It is a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?(,不明性别）,-Who is knocking at the door?,-Its me.,-Ive broken a plate.,-It(=Breaking the plate)doesnt matter.,(,前面所提到过的事情）,The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before,they can move in,.,三、,it,可以用做形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。,He found it easy,to learn a foreign language,well,.,We think it no good,reading in bed,.,I think it necessary,that we have the meeting,.,It is no use,trying to persuade him.,It is well known that,China has the largest,population in the world.,四、,it,用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词，尤其是表示,好恶,的动词，如：,enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,dont mind,be fond of,feel like,see to(,务必）后，即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加,it,。,I take it that,you dont agree with me.(,我的理解是）,I hate it when,I have to speak in French on the phone.,I cant help it if,he is always late.,I will appreciate it if,you can help me.,Please,see to it that,(make sure that)you,bring enough money when you go out.,You can,count on it that,he is very smart.,你就相信吧，他非常聪明。,As someone puts it,practice makes perfect.,像某人说的那样，熟能生巧。,-Do you like _here?,-Oh,yes.The,air,the,weather,the,way of life.,Everything is so nice.,this B.these C.that D.it,I prefer a flat in Inverness to_ in Perth,because I want to live near my Moms.,A.one B.that C.it D.this,D,A,(it,指代谈话双方心里都明白的事情或情况。,E.g.,I cant stand it.),(one,代替泛指的单数名词，以避免重复。）,-Which of the two computer gamesdid you prefer?,-Actually I didnt like_.(08,卷,I,30),Both of them B.either of them,C.None of them D.neither of them,B,根据句子中所暗含的,two computer games,可以知道这里表示“两者之一”，要用,either,而,none,表示“三者或三者以上”。,The two girls are getting on very,well and share_ with each other.(08,安徽）,little B.much C.some D.none,Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and_ before you leave.(08,山东）,something B.anything,C.everything D.nothing,B,C,考查代词的用法。注意在具体的语境中不定代词的用法，,little“,几乎没有”,some,一些，,none,没有，均不符合句子的意思,考查不定代词的用法。,everything,强调包括,the passports,和,tickets,在,内的所有东西。而,something,anything,nothing,均不符合句子的意思。,08,年高考,(08,全国卷,I 30)Which of the two computer games did you prefer?,Actually I didnt like _.,A.both of them B.either of them,C.none of them D.neither of them,B,(08,全国卷,I 33)The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.,A.which B.what,C.that D.the one,C,(08,上海春卷,26)Many fast-growing countries are l,e,ss concerned with protecting _against climate change.,A.one B.oneself,C.them D.themselves,D,(08,上海卷,26)Do you want tea or coffee?_,I really dont mind.,A.none B.neither,C.either,D.or,C,(08,天津卷,05)To know more about the British Museum,you can use the Internet to go to the library,or _.,A.neither B.some,C.all D.both,D,(08,重庆卷,24)-Could we see each other at 3 oclock this afternoon?,-Sorry,lets make it_,_,time.,A.others B.the other,C.another D.other,C,(08,辽宁卷,26)Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?,Victoria Street?_ is where the Grand Theatre is.,A.Such B.There,C.ThatD.This,C,(08,山东卷,27)Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave.,A.something B.anything,C.everything D.nothing,C,(08,江西卷,23)Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?,A.himself B.him,C.itself D.it,C,(08,安徽卷,21)The two girls are getting on very well and share _ with each other.,A.little B.much,C.some D none,B,(08,浙江卷,09)Id like some more cheese.Sorry,theres _ left.,A.some B.none,C.a little D.few,B,(08,湖南卷,21)Our neighbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell from its nest.,A.us,it B.us,itself,C.ourselves,itself D.ourselves,it,B,(08,四川卷,11)The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.,A.any other B.the other,C.another,D.other,C,(08,福建卷,21)How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind,but _ is so good to me as Bruce.,A.none B.no one,C.every one D.some one,A,09,年高考题归纳,1.One of the most important questions they,had to consider was_ of public health.,(09,全国,I,33),what B.this C.that D.which,2.Charles was alone at home,with_,looking after him.(09,全国,II,7),A.someone B.anyone,C.not one D.no one,C,D,3.The CDs are on sale!Buy one and youget_ completely free.(09,全国,II,12),other B.others C.one D.ones,4.Being a parent is not always easy,and being the parent of a child with special,needs often carries with_ extra stress.,(09,北京，,35),A.it B.them C.one D.him,C,A,5.I was born New,Orleans,Louisiana,a,city_name will create a picture of beautiful,trees and green grass in our mind.(,湖南，,26),A.which B.of which C.that D.whose,6.Over the past 20 years,the Internet has helped change our world,in_way,or another for the better.(09,重庆，,22),A.any,B.one C.every D.either,D,B7._is the power of TV that it canmake a person suddenly famous.,(09,辽宁，,28),A.such,B.This,C.That,D.So,8.-Ive read another book this week.,-Well,maybe_ is not how much you,read but what you read that counts.,(09,浙江，,4),A.this B.that C.there D.it,A,D,9.I like this house with a beautifulgarden in front,but I dont have,enough money to buy_.(09,四川，,3),A.one,B.it,C.this D.that,10.News came from the school office_,Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.(09,四川，,7),A.which B.what C.that D.where,B,C,11.Nine in ten parents said therewere significant differences in their,approach to educating their children compared with_ of their parents.(09,江苏，,35),A.those B.one C.both D.that,12.I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face_,day like that.(09,山东，,23),A.other B.another C.the other D.others,D,B,13.Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didnt answer_ of them09,陕西，,10),other B.any C.none D.some,B,2010,年高考对代词的考查,（,10,福建）,22.When you introduce me to Mr.Johnson,could you please say,for me?,A.everything B.anything,C.something D.nothing,C,考点：,考查不定代词的辨析,解析：,句子的意思是当你向,Mr.John,介绍我的时候，,你可以为我说一些好话吗,?A.everything,所有的；,B.anything,任何事；,D nothing,什么也没有,C.something,表示一些，某些,（,10,上海）,27.If our parents do everything for us children,we wont learn to depend on _,A.themselves B.them,C.us D.ourselves,考点：,本题考查反身代词,解析：,主语为,we,，因此应为,ourselves.,depend on oneself:,自力更生。根据句意，选,D,。,（,10,安徽）,21.You are a team star!Working with_ is really your cup of tea.,A.both B.either,C.others D.the other,考点：,本题考查不定代词的用法。,解析：,句意为“你是球队明星！与他人合作必须是,你喜欢做的事。”习语“,ones cup of tea”,意为“,the,type of thing or person that you like”,。,（,10,山东）,32.Helping others is a habit,_ you can learn even at an early age.,A.it B.that C.what D.one,考点：,本题考查代词的用法。,解析：,句意应为“帮助别人是一种习惯，,一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。”,空格处与前句中的,habit,构成同位关系，,所以选择,D,项。句中,you can learn even,at an early age,是省略了关系代词,that,的,定语从句，,that,在定语从句中作,learn,的宾语使用。,（,10,天津）,6.,in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.,A.Anything B.Nothing,C.Everything D.Something,考点：,考查复合不定代词的用法。,句意,：我一生中什么都没有我第一次参观,故宫给我的印象更深刻。,解析：,nothing,用于句中表示否定意义，,而其他三个词则表示肯定意义。,（陕西）,12.The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city.,A.that B.this C.it D.one,考点：,考查代词。,解析：,所填词用于比较状语从句中，,指代句子的主语,cost,，即指代不可数名词，,用,that,。,This,指代下文即将提到的事物；,it,指代“同一物”；,one,指代“同类中的一个”之意。,（,10,四川）,7.On my desk is a photo that my father took of,when I was a baby.,A.him B.his,C.me D.mine,考点：,考查代词。,解析：,take a photo of,sb,意为给某人照相，,此处应用人称代词的宾格。正确答案为,C,。,（,10,全国,）,12.Neither side is prepared to talk to _unless we can smooth things over between them.,A.others B.the other,C.another D.one other,考点：,不定代词考查。,解析：,Neither,含有“两者都不”之意，,一方对应另一方，故用,the other,指“两者中的另一个”。,（,10,重庆）,23.He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found,of them again.,A.neitherB.eitherC.eachD.all,考点：,考查代词。,解析：,由“,his temper and health”,可以排除,C,项,和,D,项，由后面的,never,表否定，选,either,，,never either,是全部否定，相当于,neither,。,25.To improve the quality of our