高中英语 grammar 课件 新人教版选修8 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,名词性从句,Noun Clauses,subjective clause,主语从句,objective clause,宾语从句,predicative clause,表语从句,appositive clause,同位语从句,名词性从句,相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。,1.What it was to become was a mystery.,2.I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.,3.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.,4.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people,.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,1,、宾语从句,宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有,连词,that,，,if,，,whether,；,连接代词,who,，,whose,，,what,，,which,；,连接副词,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,等。,e.g1)I think,(that),women can reach very,high achievements in many fields of science.,2)I wonder,whether/if,she remembered how,many babies she had delivered.,3)Do you know,who/whom,Jack was speaking to?,总结,:,2.,注意点,1).,宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序,.,2).,引导宾语从句的连词,that,也无实际意义,多数,情况下可以省略,.,3).whether,和,if,都可以引导宾语从句,但,:(1).,当,whether,后紧跟,or not,时,不用,if.,(2).,介词后面,的宾语从句,不能用,if,.,例,:I worry,about,whether,I hurt her feeling.,1.,宾语从句的引导词,:,宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同,.,例,:I dont know,whether,I will stay,or not.,4).that,在宾语从句中的省略与保留,由连词,and,连接的两个由,that,引导的宾语从句中,第一个,that,可以省略,第二,that,不能省,.,He told me(,that),he would come,and,that,he would come on time.,e.g.,Tom is no longer,what,he used to be.,The question is,which of us,should come first.,The problem is,who,is really fit for the hard job.,The important thing is,whose name,should be put,on,the top of the list.,2,、表语从句,表语从句在复合句中起表语作用,.,引导宾语从句词有,连词,that,，,what,which,who,whom,whose,等,.,除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。,2.,注意点,1).,表语从句一律用陈述句的语序,.,2).,表语从句的引导词,that,无实际意义,但不能省略,.,3).,表语从句只能用,whether,而不能用,if,引导,.,What many people are worried about,is,whether,we will be able to build a better future.,The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.,The reason why+,句子,be that+,从句,.,for+,名词,今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多,.,错误,The reason,why,he was late this morning,is that,there was a lot of traffic on the road.,或,This/it/that/is because+,从句,等句型,.,He was late this morning.,That was because,there was a lot of traffic on the road.,3,、主语从句,做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有,连词,that,，,whether,，,连接代词,who,，,what,，,which,，,连接副词,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,等。,e.g.,That,she left him cut him to the heart.,What,seems easy to some people,seems difficult to others.,Whether,it will please them is not easy to say.,2.,总结,:,1).,主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓,语在后,.,2).,连接词,that,在从句中,无实际意义,起引导作用,不作任何成分,但不能省略,.,When will he come is not known.,错误,When he will come is not known,.,He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,错误,That,he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,但是,what is the matter,和,what is wrong,不可改变语序,3).whether,可以引导主语从句 解释为,”,是否,”,但,if,不能,.,4).whoever,whatever,whichever,等词可以引导主语从句,但,no matter who,no matter what,等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句,.,5).,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用,it,作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语,.,例,:,It is,well known/reported/thought/said/,that,It is,clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/,that,It is,a pity/a shame/an,honour,/,that,It,doesnt matter whether/It seems,that,It,happens,that,4,、同位语从句,同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由,从属连词,that,引导，常常跟在,fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark,hope,belief,等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同为关系。,e.g.,They are familiar with the opinion,that,all matter consists of atoms.,Where did you get the idea,that,I could not come.,The suggestion came from the chairman,that,the new rule should be adopted.,注意,1.that,引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有,:,idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word,hope,information,等,.,2.that,在从句中只是起引导作用,不作任何成分,1.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.(,2004,年,广东省卷,),A.who is it B.who it is,C.it is who D.it is whom,高考链接,【,试析,】,这个句子是一个由,and,连接的并列句。,And,后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是,it doesnt matter,主语从句则是,who it is that Im talking to.,而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰,who.Who,既是一个引导词，也在,it is,中作表语,.,如果再细一点，说,who,是,(talking)to,的介词宾语也可以。,2.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.(2003,上海,)A.that B.when C.what D.how,【,试析,】,主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选,C.,3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90,of the students had been admitted to key universities.,（,2003,上海春季）,A.What;because B.What;that,C.That;what D.That;because,【,试析,】,what,在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。,that,引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分,.,4.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants.,(2002,上海春季,),A.what B.which C.when D.that,【,试析,】,这是一个宾语从句,wants,后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants,是一句谚语,意思是,永远给予他人他确实想要的东西,。故答案为,A,。,5.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats_.,(2003,北京春季,),A.what makes me feel excited,B.whatever I feel excited about,C.how I feel about it,D.when I feel excited,【,试析,】,这是由,what,引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为,A,。,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,1,、两种从句都可以译成定语,e.g.,The news,that our team has won the final match,is encouraging.,（,同位语从句）,我们队取得决赛胜利的,消息令人鼓舞。,The news,that you told us,is really,encouraging.,（,定语从句）,你告诉我们的,消息真的令人鼓舞。,2,、两种从句都可以用,that,引导,e.g.,The suggestion,that students should learn,something practical,is worth considering,.,（同位语从句）,学生应该学些实用的东西的,建议值得考虑。,The suggestion,that is worth considering,is that the students should learn something practical.,（,定语从句）,值得考虑的,建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,1,、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步,说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、,限定前面的名词。,e.g.The news,that our team has won the final match,is encouraging.,（,从句说明“消息”的内容：,我们队取得了决赛胜利。,）,The news,that you told us,is really,encouraging.,（,从句对“消息”加以限定：是,你告诉我们的,，,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,2,、引导从句的关联词,that,的功能不同：,that,引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的,that,是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1),Dad made a promise,that,he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.,（,that,不充当任何成分）,2)Dad made a,promise,that,excited all his children.,（,that,指代,promise,，,又在从句中充当主语。）,II.Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.,A.which B.that C.whom D.when,2.The fact he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.,A.that B.which C.when D.what,3.I have no idea _he will come back.,A.where B.when C.what D.that,II.Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to,be false.,A.that B.when C.what D.how,5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.,A.what that B.that which,C.that what D.which that,6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.,A.what B.whether,c,.that D.which,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.,A.if B.what C.whether D.how,2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.,A.which B.when C./D.that,3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.,A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because,4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.,A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because,5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.,A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if,6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.,A.which B.where C.what D.that,7.I have the information _.,A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon,C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soon,C,D,C,A,B,D,B,单项填空,8.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.,-_ it made me nearly mad.,A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break,9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a,short time.,A.how B.that C.when D.what,10.-Can I help you?,-Yes,do you know _?,A.when comes the bus B.when will come the bus,C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes,11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.,A.that B.if C.what D.that if,12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.,A.what;that B.it;that,C.what;when D.which;what,A,A,D,D,A,Homework,Do exercise 1&2 on p49,