高中英语名词性从句,语法讲解课件 译林牛津版必修4 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词性从句,Noun Clauses,一,.related conception(,相关概念,),1.,名词,:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.,名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分,?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,The boy is,li,Ming.,主语,表语,Mr.,Liang,a,24-year-old,boy,teaches us English.,主语,同位语,宾语,在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。,3什么是名词性从句,?,名词性从句,主语从句,(The Subject Clause),宾语从句,(The Object Clause),表语从句,(The Predicative Clause),同位语从句,(The Appositive Clause),主语从句,在复合句中作主句的主语,.,引导词有连词,that,(that,不可省略,),whether,;,连接代词有,who,what,which,;,连接副词,when,where,how,why,等,.,如,:,1).,连接词,:that,whether,He is a famous singer.,It is known to us.,1.,That,he is a famous singer,is known to us.,(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),Will we visit the Great Wall tomorrow?,It has not been decided.,Whether,we will visit the Great Wall,has not been decide.,He will win the game.,It is certain.,Will he win the game?,It is not certain.,That he will,win the,game is certain.,It is certain that he will win the game.,Whether he will the game is not certain.,2).,连接代词,:who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,Whose bag is it?,It,cant,be told.,Whose bag it is,cant,be told.,What does he need?,It is money.,What he needs is money.,无论你刚才说什么都是对的,.,Whatever you said is all right.,3).,连接副词,:when,where,why,how,how many,how much how long,how soon,how often,When will we start tomorrow?,It will be told soon.,When we will start tomorrow will be told soon.,我们将怎样制定计划已经被老师解释清楚了,.,How we will make the plan has been explained clearly by the teacher.,为什么他来这里还是不被人所知道,.,Why he comes here is not known.,1.,为什么有时侯用,that,whether,有时侯用连接代词,或着有时候用连接副词,?,2.,它的语序有没有变化,?,2.,总结,:,1).,主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓,语在后,.,2).,连接词,that,在从句中,无实际意义,起引导作用,不作任何成分,但不能省略,.,When will he come is not known.,错误,When he will come is not known.,He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,错误,That,he will not come to the meeting this evening is true.,但是,what is the matter,和,what is wrong,不可改变语序,3).whether,可以引导主语从句 解释为,”,是否,”,但,if,不能,.,4).whoever,whatever,whichever,等词可以引导主语从句,但,no matter who,no matter what,等不能,它们只能引导让步状语从句,.,5).,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用,it,作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语,.,例,:,It is,well known/reported/thought/said/,that,It is,clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/,that,It is,a pity/a shame/an,honour,/,that,It,doesnt matter whether/It seems,that,It,happens,that,We believe,(that),he is honest.,I told him,(that),I would come back soon.,He said,(that),he would go there the next day and,that,his family wouldnt go there,宾语从句,在复合句中作主句的宾语,放在实义动词或介词的后面,.,引导词有连词,that,(,that,常可省略,),whether,if,;,代词有,who,whose,what,which,;,副词有,when,where,how,why,等,.,如,:,总结,:,2.,注意点,1).,宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序,.,2).,引导宾语从句的连词,that,也无实际意义,多数,情况下可以省略,.,3).whether,和,if,都可以引导宾语从句,但,:(1).,当,whether,后紧跟,or not,时,不用,if.,(2).,介词后面,的宾语从句,不能用,if,.,例,:I worry,about,whether,I hurt her feeling.,1.,宾语从句的引导词,:,宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同,.,例,:I dont know,whether,I will stay,or not.,3.,放句首，解释为“是否”,Whether,she will go home is not unknown.,4.,表语从句解释为,”,是否“用,whether,The question,is,whether,we can collect enough money.,4).that,在宾语从句中的省略与保留,(1).,在主,+,谓,+it(,形式宾语,)+,宾补,+,that,从句,(,真正宾语,),的句型中不省略,.,例,:We must make it clear,that,we mean what we say.,(2).,由连词,and,连接的两个由,that,引导的宾语从句中,第一个,that,可以省略,第二,that,不能省,.,He told me(,that),he would come,and,that,he would come on time.,表语从句,在复合句中作主句的表语,常放在,be,动词的后面,.引导词有连词,that,(that,不可省略,),whether,;,代词有,who,what,which,;,副词,when,where,how,why,等,.,如,:,The problem,is that we didnt get in touch with him.,This is,how Henry solved the problem.,His suggestion,is that we,(should),finish the work at once.,如果句子的主语是,suggestion,advice.order,等名词时,后面引导,的表语从句用,should+,动词原形,should,可省略,.,2.,注意点,1).,表语从句一律用陈述句的语序,.,2).,表语从句的引导词,that,无实际意义,但不能省略,.,3).,表语从句只能用,whether,而不能用,if,引导,.,What many people are worried about,is,whether,we will be able to build a better future.,The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.,The reason why+,句子,be that+,从句,.,For+,名词,今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多,.,The reason,why,he was late this morning,is that,there,was a lot of traffic on the road.,或,This/it/that/is because+,从句,等句型,.,He was late this morning.,That was because,there was a lot of traffic on the road.,同位语从句,在句中起同位语的作用,.,一般放在名词,fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词,.,引导词有连词,that;,少数情况下也可用连接副词,how when where,等,.,如,:,1.The thought,that we might succeed,excited us.,2.The idea,that they should try a second time,is,worth considering.,3.The suggestion,that the plan,(should)be,delayed,will,be discussed tomorrow.,名词,suggestion,advice.order,等,词后的同位语从句的谓语动词,要用,should+,动词原形,should,可省略,.,4.I have no idea,when,he will be back.,注意,1.that,引导的同位语从句前面的名词常见的有,:,idea,fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,word,hope,information,等,.,2.that,在从句中只是起引导作用,不作任何成分,.,1.,When we will start,is not clear.,2.Mrs Black wont believe,that her son has become a thief.,3.My idea is,that we should do it right now.,4.I had no idea,that you were her friend.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,I,名,词性从句的种类,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,1,、两种从句都可以译成定语,e.g.,The news,that our team has won the final match,is encouraging.,（,同位语从句）,我们队取得决赛胜利的,消息令人鼓舞。,The news,that you told us,is really,encouraging.,（,定语从句）,你告诉我们的,消息真的令人鼓舞。,一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,2,、两种从句都可以用,that,引导,e.g.,The suggestion,that students should learn something practical,is worth considering,.,（,同位语从句）,学生应该学些实用的东西的,建议值得考虑。,The suggestion,that is worth considering,is that the students should learn something practical.,（,定语从句）,值得考虑的,建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的,不同之处,1,、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步,说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、,限定前面的名词。,e.g.The news,that our team has won the final match,is encouraging.,（,从句说明“消息”的内容：,我们队取得了决赛胜利。,）,The news,that you told us,is really,encouraging.从句对“消息”加以限定：是,你告诉我们的,，,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,2,、引导从句的关联词,that,的功能不同：,that,引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的,that,是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1),Dad made a promise,that,he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.,（,that,不充当任何成分）,2)Dad made a,promise,that,excited all his children.,（,that,指代,promise,，,又在从句中充当主语。）,Tell the function of the following sentences.,a.subject b.object c.predicative d.appositive(,同位语,),1.The idea,that England stands for Fish&Chips,Speakers Corner,Big Ben and the Tower of London,is past.,2.The fact,that Great Britain is made up of three countries,is still unknown to many.,3.The result of so much French influence was,that the English language ended up with many French words such as table,animal and age.,4.Some people feel,that Wales is an ancient fairy land.,5.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear,is a serious matter to the people in Britain.,6.They,realise,that it is of great value to record and teach,them to the younger generation.,appositive,appositive,predicative,object,subject,object,Tell the difference,1.The news,that the plane would take off on time,made everybody happy.,2.The news,that is spreading around the airport is,that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion,that students should learn something practical,is worth considering.,4.The suggestion,that they are considering,is,that students should learn something practical.,NC-Appositive,AC,NC-Appositive,AC,NC-Predicative,NC-Predicative,PracticeI.,Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences,说出下列从句的功能：,A:Appositive,（,同位语）,;,B:Attributive,（,定语）,His proposal,that we go there on foot,is acceptable.,Many teachers hold the view,that teenagers should not spend too much time online,.,3.The first request,that he made,was to ask for freedom.,4.Do you have any idea,where we will be sent,?,5.Is this the company,where your father works,?,6.This is the reason,that he gave for his absence,.,7.He made an excuse,that his car broke down on,the way,.,B,B,B,II.Choose the best answer,1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.,A.which B.that C.whom D.when,2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.,A.that B.which C.when D.what,3.I have no idea _he will come back.,A.where B.when C.what D.that,II.Choose the best answer,4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to,be false.,A.that B.when C.what D.how,5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.,A.what that B.that which,C.that what D.which that,6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.,A.what B.whether,c,.that D.which,II,语序问题,1.The photographs will show you _（MET89）,A.what does our village look like,B.what our village looks like,C.how does our village look like,D.how our village looks like,2.He asked_for a violin.（MET92）,A.did I pay how much,B.I paid how much,C.how much did I pay,D.,how much I paid,1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.,A.if B.what C.whether D.how,2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.,A.which B.when C./D.that,3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.,A.why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because,4._ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.,A.What;why B.Which;how C.That;why D.What;because,5._ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.,A.That B.Whether C.If D.Even if,6.It is known to us _ where there is pollution,there is harm.,A.which B.where C.what D.that,7.I have the information _.,A.of what hell come soon B.that hell come soon,C.of that hell come soon D.his coming soon,C,D,C,A,B,D,B,单项填空,8.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.,-_ it made me nearly mad.,A.That he broke B.What he broke C.He broke D.His break,9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a,short time.,A.how B.that C.when D.what,10.-Can I help you?,-Yes,do you know _?,A.when comes the bus Bwhen will come the bus,C.when does the bus come D.when the bus comes,11.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.,A.that B.if C.what D.that if,12.They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.,A.what;that B.it;that,C.what;when D.which;what,A,A,D,D,A,