高中英语必修五第一单元Reading.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,11/7/2009,#,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,draw a conclusion,think of a method,collect results,make a question,find a problem,analyse the results,find supporting evidence,find a problem,make a question,think of a method,collect results,analyse the results,draw a conclusion,How to prove a,new idea in scientific,research?,find supporting evidence,第一页，共65页。,第一页，共65页。,John Snow,约翰,.,斯诺,(1813,1858),英国麻醉学家、,流行病专家。他首次提出了,预防霍乱的措施。,1854,年,伦敦霍乱流行,斯诺通过研究,霍乱病死者的日常生活情况,寻找到他们的共同行为模式,发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的,关系,由于及时切断了二者,的联系,有效制止了霍乱的,流行。,第二页，共65页。,第二页，共65页。,Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England.,In 1854,“the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom”began.It was so violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.,The terrible cholera,第三页，共65页。,第三页，共65页。,Bacteria/germs,of cholera,第四页，共65页。,第四页，共65页。,Name of illness,cholera(,霍乱,),Symptom(,症状,),severe vomiting(,呕吐,)and diarrhoea(,腹泻,),Aftereffect(,后果,),die quickly from a loss of liquid,What was the cause of this illness?,How did John Snow find it out?,第五页，共65页。,第五页，共65页。,Skim the text and find the main idea of the text.,The passage is mainly about:_,_,How John Snow found the cause of,the cholera and defeated it.,Fastreading:,第六页，共65页。,第六页，共65页。,Read the passage quickly,and find the number below,and the relevant happenings,in the passage.,第七页，共65页第七页，共65页。,Two theories,In 1854,500,10,The first suggested thatmultiplied,in the air;The second suggested,absorbed this disease into their bodies,with their meals.,Another outbreak hit London.,More than 500 people had died,in 10 days.,第八页，共65页。,第八页，共65页。,16,37,38 and 40,20,21;,8,9,7,These numbers in Broad Street,near the water pump had many,of the deaths,20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9,Cambridge Street had no deaths.,They didnt drink the water,from the Broad Street pump.,These families worked in,the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.,第九页，共65页。,第九页，共65页。,16,37,20,8,9,pump,38,40,BROAD STREET,CAMBRIDGE STREET,21,John Snows Cholera Map,7,Pub,第十页，共65页。,第十页，共65页。,What is the problem?,The cholera was the most deadly disease,of its day.Neither its cause,nor its cure,was understood.,What caused cholera?,第十一页，共65页。,第十一页，共65页。,Make a question:Which theory to believe in?,Idea 1,Idea 2,Cholera multiplied in the air without,reason.A cloud of dangerous gas would,float around until it found its victims.,People absorbed it with their meals.,Which one do you believe more?,What about John Snow?,第十二页，共65页。,第十二页，共65页。,A map of Broad Street,What method did he use?,Broad Street,Many deaths happened here.,No death happened here.,It seemed the water from the pump was,to blame.What did he do next?,Public house,第十三页，共65页。,第十三页，共65页。,(Para 6)What was another supporting evidence?,(Para 5)He looked into the source of the water,John Snow was able to announce,with certainty that polluted water,carried the virus第十四页，共65页。,第十四页，共65页。,Read the passage and number these events,in the order that they happened.,John Snow began to test two theories.,An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.,He announced that the water carried,the disease.,John Snow marked the deaths on a map.,2,1,4,7,Carefulreading:,第十五页，共65页。第十五页，共65页。,King Cholera was defeated.,He found that most of the deaths,were near a water pump.,He had the handle removed from,the water pump.,John Snow investigated two streets where,the outbreak was very severe.,3,8,5,6,第十六页，共65页。,第十六页，共65页。,Para-,graph,Stages in an experiment,Example in this investigation,1,Find a problem,2,Make a question,3,Think of a method,What,cause,cholera?,Which theory is correct?,Collect data on those who,were ill or died and where,they got their water.,Fill in the blanks.,第十七页，共65页。,第十七页，共65页。,4,Collect results,5,Analyse results,6,find supporting evidence,7,Draw a conclusion,Plot,information on a map to,find out where people died or,did not die.,Analyse the water to see if that,is the cause of the illness.,Find other evidence to,support the analysis.,The water is to blame.The,source of all drinking water,should be examined so,that it is safe.,第十八页，共65页。,第十八页，共65页。,draw a conclusion,find a problem,make a question,think of a method,collect results,analyse the results,repeat if necessary,Match them,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Para 6,Para 7,Prevention of Cholera,第十九页，共65页。,第十九页，共65页。,1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?,KEY:John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera,collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.,Read and answer the questions.,第二十页，共65页。,第二十页，共65页。,2.Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?Give a reason.,KEY:No.The map helped John Snow,organize his ideas.He was able to,identify those households that had,many deaths and check their water-,drinking habits.He identified those,houses that had no deaths and,surveyed their drinking habits.,The evidence clearly pointed to the,polluted water being the cause.,第二十一页，共65页。,第二十一页，共65页。,3.Cholera was a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar,to cholera today?,KEY:Four diseases,which are,similar today,are SARS,AIDS,TB(,肺结核,)and bird-flu,because,they are both very serious,have,an unknown cause and need,public health care to solve them.,第二十二页，共65页。,第二十二页，共65页。,1.The passage mainly tells us that _.,the cause of cholera was polluted,water,B.John Snow was a well-known,doctor in London,C.the source of all drinking water,should be examined,D.John Snow did some research and,helped to solve“King Cholera”,Choose the best answer.,D,第二十三页，共65页。,第二十三页，共65页。,2.What was the key help for John,Snows discovery?,A.The government.,B.The woman moving away from,Broad Street.,C.The water company.,D.The map made by himself.,D,第二十四页，共65页。,第二十四页，共65页。,Summary,John Snow was a well-known _ in,London in the _ century.He wantedto find the _ of cholera in order,to _ it.In 1854 when a cholera,_ out,he began to gather,information.,doctor,19th,cause,defeat,broke,第二十五页，共65页。,第二十五页，共65页。,He _ on a map where all the dead,people had lived and he found that many,people who had drunk the dirty water from,the _ died.So he decided that the polluted,water carried cholera.He suggested that the,_ of all water supply be _,and new methods of _ with polluted,water be found.Finally,“King Cholera”was,defeated.,marked,pump,source,examined,dealing,第二十六页，共65页。,第二十六页，共65页。,What should we pay attention to in our daily,life in order not to get infected with cholera?,Heal the food left overnight,Cook raw food thoroughly,Wash hands often,Keep away from flies,choose fresh sea food,Keep the kitchen clean,Dispose rubbish properly.,Drink boiled water,Discussion,第二十七页，共65页。,第二十七页，共65页。,第二十八页，共65页。,第二十八页，共65页。,1.know,about,了解有关,.,的情况,know,of,听说过,1),有些事我想了解一下。,There is something I want to,know,about,.,2),我听说过那件事,但不很清楚。,I know of it,but I didnt,know,it well.,Language points,第二十九页，共65页。,第二十九页，共65页。,2.conclude:,v.,作结论,断定,The jury concluded that he was guilty.,陪审团认定他有罪。,to conclude:,总而言之,总之,To conclude,I want to thank you for your help.,conclusion:,n.,结论,得出结论,arrive at,draw/reach,come to,a conclusion,第三十页，共65页。,第三十页，共65页。,1),那些都是事实,你能从中得出什么结论,?,Those are the facts;what do you conclude,from,them?,2),我得出结论你在说谎。,I came to/drew/reached,the,conclusion the,conclusion that you were lying.,3),根据这些事实,我们能对金字塔是如何,建成的得出一些结论。,From these facts,we can,draw,some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.,第三十一页，共65页。,第三十一页，共65页。,3.defeat v./n.,He,defeated,the champion in three sets.,His words completely,defeated,me.,The Party faces,defeat,in the election.,击败,战胜,使困惑,win/beat/defeat,win,“,赢得,获胜”,后接奖品,奖金,名誉,财产,beat,“,击败,战胜”,后接竞争队伍或者对手,敌人,defeat,击败，战胜”,后接竞争队伍或者,对手,敌人,(,此用法同,beat),疾病等。,第三十二页，共65页。,第三十二页，共65页。,1)Mary _ the first place in the competition.,2)Our school _ their school,at football.,3)I _ John at chess yesterday.,won,beat/defeated,beat/defeated,4.John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so,expert,indeed,that be,attended,Queen Victoria as her personal,physician,.,约翰,.,斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生,-,他的确,医术精湛,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。,第三十三页，共65页。,第三十三页，共65页。,1)expert,n.,专家,;,高手,;,权威,an agricultural expert,农业专家,an expert with the computer,电脑高手,expert,也可以作形容词,“,熟练的,;,老练的,;,经验,(,或知识,),丰富的”,an expert rider,熟练的骑手,an expert opinion,内行的意见,第三十四页，共65页。,第三十四页，共65页。,照看,照料 如,:,医生照看病人。,The,doctor attended (on/upon)the patients.,出席,到场 如,:,attend school,上学,attend a lecture,听讲座,attend church,去教堂,attend(at)a wedding,出席婚礼,2)attend v.,注意,留意 如,:,Well attend to the solution of that problem later.,第三十五页，共65页。,第三十五页，共65页。,attend to,处理,办理,我有许多事情要处理。,照顾,照料,先生,有人接待你吗？,Are you being attended to?,If you go out,Ill attend to the baby.,专心,注意,If you dont attend to the teacher,youll,never learn anything.,attendance,n.,照顾,出席,I have some important things to attend to.,第三十六页，共65页。,第三十六页，共65页。,5.But he became inspired when he thought,about helping ordinary people,exposed to,cholera.,exposed to cholera,在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动,意为“患霍乱的”。如,:,The book written by LuXun is very popular.,鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的。,昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生。,The man seen by us yesterday is,Professor Smith.,第三十七页，共65页。,第三十七页，共65页。,发散思维：,exposed,adj.,暴露的,暴露于风雨中的,无掩蔽的,exposedness,n.,暴露,显露,开放思维,:,expose to,使易受,使受,expose sth to the light of day,把某事暴露于光天化日之下,expose a fraud,揭穿骗局,第三十八页，共65页。,第三十八页，共65页。,1)Miles of sand are,exposed,at low tide.,2)The people of some Asian countries,were,exposed,to the tsunami in 2004.,3)He,exposed,the crime to the police.,4)He,exposed,the plan to the newspsper.,to uncover,to make,suffer,to,make known,第三十九页，共65页。,第三十九页，共65页。,5),The wolf opened its mouth,to _ a row of sharp,teeth.,6)Dont _ your skin,to,the sun;your skin will be hurt.,expose,expose,第四十页，共65页。,第四十页，共65页。,6.This was the,deadly,disease of its day.,die(v.)dead(adj.)death(n.),deadly,adj.,(1)dangerous;likely to cause death,危险的致命的,a deadly disease/weapon,(2)highly effective against sth.or,someone,强有力的,;,致命的,a deadly remark,击中要害的评论,第四十一页，共65页。,第四十一页，共65页。,(3)aiming to kill or destroy,意在杀死的,;,不共戴天的,:,a deadly enemy,不共戴天的敌人,deadly,adv.,(1)very,极度,;,非常,;,十分,deadly serious,十分认真,(2)like death,死一般地,deadly pale,死一般苍白,第四十二页，共65页。,第四十二页，共65页。,7.So many thousands of terrified people died,every time,there was an outbreak.,every time,在这里是连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“每次,每当”。,e.g.Every time I meet him,I always think of the things happened between us.,每次见到他,我就想起发生在我们之间的,事情。,第四十三页，共65页。,第四十三页，共65页。,注意,:immediately,the moment,directly,instantly等与,every time,一样,都可以,用作连词引导时间状语从句,意为,“一,.,就”。如：,I will give the letter to him immediately,I see him.,我一见到他就把这封信给他。,I came directly I got your letter.,我一接到你的信就来了。,第四十四页，共65页。,第四十四页，共65页。,8.The second,suggested,that people,absorbed,this disease,into,their bodies,with their meals.,absorb.into,吸收 如：,e.g.The big company has gradually,absorbed,these small companies,into,its own organization.,这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。,第四十五页，共65页。,第四十五页，共65页。,absorb,v.(1),吸收,(,液体,),Water absorbs oxygen.,(2)The clever boy,absorbed,all the,knowledge his teacher could give him.,(3)The book,absorbed,his attention.,(4)The surrounding small towns have,been,absorbed,into the city.,理解,接受,吸引,(,注意力,兴趣等,),使并入,吞并,第四十六页，共65页。,第四十六页，共65页。,be absorbed in,被,吸引,;,专心于,;,全神贯注于某事 如,:,He is absorbed in his book.,The little girl was absorbed in,reading a tale.,第四十七页，共65页。,第四十七页，共65页。,suggest,经常有“建议”的意思,但在这个句子里的意思是“暗示间接表明”。如：,The disorganized meeting,suggested,bad preparation.,混乱的会场表明准备工作很差。,suggest,还有“建议”的意思,在后文中有体现,:,“To prevent this from happening again,John,Snow,suggested,that the source of all the water,supplies be examined.”,为防止这种情况再度,发生,第四十八页，共65页。,第四十八页，共65页。,I suggested that he should give up smoking.,我建议他戒烟。,The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week.,主席建议会议延迟到下周举行。,suggest,后面还可以接,-ing,形式或名词。如：,She,suggested,a picnic at the weekend.,她提议周末去野餐。,Kane,suggested,leaving early for the airport.,凯恩提议早些发去机场。,第四十九页，共65页。,第四十九页，共65页。,他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别厉害,在十天之内就死去了五百多人。,9.In two particular streets,the cholera,outbreak was so,severe,that more than 500,people had died in 10 days.,severe,adj.,(1)unsparing or harsh,as in,treatment of others;strict,严厉的,;,苛刻的,;,严格的,.,如,:,第五十页，共65页。,第五十页，共65页。,The,severe,trainer has gone abroad.You can,breathe freely again.,(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress;,extremely violent or intense;very serious.,剧痛的,剧烈的,严重的,难熬的 如,:,a,severe,attack of toothache.,要求苛严的教官已经出国,你可以完全放心。,牙痛的剧烈发作。,第五十一页，共65页。,第五十一页，共65页。,这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因,的很有价值的线索。,10.This gave him a,valuable,clue about the,cause of the disease.,valuable,(1)adj.worth of a lot of money,值钱的,贵重的 如：,The watch is valuable.,这表很值钱a valuable diamond.,贵重的钻石。,第五十二页，共65页。,第五十二页，共65页。,(2)adj.having great usefulness or value,如,:,valuable,information,(3)n.(,常用复数形式,),sth that worth a lot of money,如,:,Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.,重大的消息,凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里。,第五十三页，共65页。,第五十三页，共65页。,泵,(,油泵,;,气泵,),抽水机,打气筒,11.pump,第五十四页，共65页。,第五十四页，共65页。,12.It seemed that the water,was to blame,.,看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。,be+,动词不定式,可以表示该做或不该做的,事情,相当于,must,should,ought to,等。如：,No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.,没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。,You are not to drop litter in the park.,公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。,受到责备,主动表被动,第五十五页，共65页。,第五十五页，共65页。,13.Next,John Snow,looked into,the source,of the water for these two streets.,其次,约翰,.,斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。,look into,往,.,里面看,;,to investigate,检查,;,了解。如：,Well look into this matter together.,我们将一起调查这个问题。,第五十六页，共65页。,第五十六页，共65页。,开放思维：,look on,观看,面向,旁观,看待,look,out,面朝,留神,照料,look,over,从上面看,察看,检查,look,around,环顾,观光,察看,look,through,看穿,审核,浏览,温习,look,up,and,down,仔细打量,到处寻找,look,after,寻求,照顾,关心,第五十七页，共65页。,第五十七页，共65页。,14.handle,n.,柄,把手,第五十八页，共65页。,第五十八页，共65页。,A.操作,;运用 B.经销;买卖 C.管理,D.对待 E.应付 F.控制;管理,h,andle,v,.,Choose the,correct,explanations,.,1),Ms Hawkins,the chief accountant of the company,handles,the companys accounts.,2)The children are so naughty that I cant,handle,them.,3)She,handled,a difficult argument skillfully.,C,F,E,4),Handle,children kindly,if you want them to trust you.,5)This shop,handles,paper and stationery.,6)He learnt how to,handle,the axe.,D,B,A,第五十九页，共65页。,第五十九页，共65页。,linkto.,把,与,连接,;,联系 如：,Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.,指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。,be linked to,连接 如：,The two towns are linked by a railway.,15.In another part of London,he found,supporting evidence from two deaths that,were,linked to,the Broad Street outbreak.,在伦敦的另一个地区,他从两个与宽街,爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了,有力证据。,第六十页，共65页。,第六十页，共65页。,link,n.,联系,关系,研究人员发现了吸烟和心脏病之间,的关系。,Researchers have detected,a link,between smoking and heart disease.,第六十一页，共65页。,第六十一页，共65页。,16.With this,extra evidence John Snow was,able to,announce,with certainty that polluted,water carried the virus.,announce,v.to make known publicly,如：,The captain announced that the plane,was going to land.,有了这个证据,约翰,.,斯诺就能够肯定的宣布,这种被污染的水携带病毒。,机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。,announce sth.(to sb.),announce that+,从句,It is/was announced that+,从句,据宣传,第六十二页，共65页。,第六十二页，共65页。,1)-Who,instructs,your class in history?,-Mr Black.He is our,instructor,.,2)She,instructed,me,in,the use of this,tele