高中英语 UNIT 1 Great Scientists课件 新人教版必修5 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 1 Great scientists,Warming up,What do they have in common?,They are scientists.,Lets have a competition!,Try this quiz and find out,who knows the most.,1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?,Archimedes,(287-212 BC),an ancient Greek mathematician&physicist,2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?,Charles Darwin,Charles Darwin(1809-1882),British author of,The Origin of Species,3.Who invented the first steam engine?,Thomas,Newcomen,(1663-1729)British,improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712.,4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.,Gregor,Mendel,Czech(1822-1884),Grew,peaplants,and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics.,5.Who discovered radium?,Marie Curie,(1867-1934)(Polish and French,won two Nobel Prizes),6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?,Thomas Edison,(1847-1931),an American inventor,invented phonograph,electric light bulb.,7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?,Leonardo,da,Vinci,(1452-1519)Italian artist,Mona Lisa,8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?,Sir,Humphry,Davy,(1778-1829)British,did research into different gases,9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?,Zhang,Heng,(78-139)Chinese,invented seismograph,10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?,Stephen Hawking,(1942-)a British astronomer,遗传学,电,浮力定理,镭,进化论,画家,蒸汽机,矿工安全灯,黑洞理论,地震仪,阿基米德,Archimedes,达尔文,Charles Darwin,纽科文,Thomas,Newcomen,孟德尔,Gregor,Mendel,居里夫人,Marie Curie,爱迪生,Thomas Edison,达芬奇,Leonardo,da,Vinci,汉弗来,.,戴维爵士,Sir,Humphry,Davy,张衡,Zhang,Heng,斯蒂芬,.,霍金,Stephen Hawking,Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?,seven stages,Pre-reading,Draw a conclusion,Think of a method,Collect results,Make a question,Find a problem,Analyse,the results,Find supporting evidence,What do you know about infectious diseases?,An infectious disease can be passed from one person to another,especially through the air you breathe.,What do you know about Cholera?,Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called,vibrio,cholera(,霍乱弧菌,),.It infects peoples intestines(,肠,),causing diarrhea(,腹泻,),vomiting(,呕吐的,)and leg cramps(,腿痛性痉挛,),.,What is the passage about?,John Snow defeated“King Cholera”with the help of,scientific research.,Reading,John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”,Find out the,main idea of each paragraph.,para.1,Deadly disease:,cholera outbreak,in,London,para.2,Two,possible,theories,para.3,Look for,evidence,para.4,Mark,information,on a map to find,out where people died or did not die,para.5,Analyse,the water,para.6,Find other,supporting evidences,para.7,The polluted dirty source of,drinking water,was to blame,Whats the main idea of the passage?,John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.,The cause of Cholera was polluted water.,The source of all drinking water should be examined.,How John Snow collected,analyzed data and found the cause of the disease and solved it.,Do you know what was this map used for in 1854,?,Finding out the cause of Cholera.,2.What happened in 1854?,3.How many people died in 10 days?,Anothercholera,outbreak hit London.,More than 500 people.,Answer the following questions:,1.Why couldnt the cholera be under control at first?,Neither its cause,nor its cure was understood.,4.Why is there no death at No.20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No.8 and 9 Cambridge Street?,These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.,5.Which theory did John Snow believe in?,People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.,6.To prevent the cholera from spreading again,what did John Snow do?,Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine.,Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found.,Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water any more.,1.Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.,Comprehending,An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.,John Snow began to test two theories.,John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.,John Snow marked the deaths on a map.,He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.,He had the handle removed from the water pump.,He announced that the water carried the disease.,King Cholera was defeated.,2.Read the passage again and answer these questions.,1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?,John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera,collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.,2.Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?Give a reason.,No.The map helped John Snow organized his ideas.He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits.He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits.The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.,3.Cholera was a 19,th,century disease.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?Why?,Threes diseases,which are similar today,are SARS,AIDS and bird flu,because they are serious,have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.,3.Using the stages for scientific research and Exercise 1,write a short summary of the reading passage.,John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera.He believed that people became ill after eating infected food.He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea.He studied a small area of houses which got their water from the same pump.Many people in the area died.John Snow showed that this was because the water in the pump was infected.He showed that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water.,Language points,1.lift,sth,./,sb,.up,提起,举起,抬高,Dont shuffle.Lift up your feet.,别拖着脚走路，把脚提起来。,2.explain,sth,.to,sb,.,向某人解释某事,The lawyer,explained,the new law to us.,律师向我们解释了新法律。,3.pass.from,从,.,处传来,pass by,路过,经过,回避,pass down,使流传,pass on,传递,传授,.,4.put forward,提出（计划、建议等）；将,提前；把钟表拨快,He put forward a good plan for this project.,他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。,The match has been put forward to 1:30.,比赛已经提前到一点半举行。,Put the clock forward by ten minutes.,把钟表拨快十分钟。,5.Conclude,1).,The meeting concluded at 8:00.(,结束,),2).,The jury concluded that he was guilty.,陪审团认定他有罪。,3).to conclude:,总而言之，总之,(,插入语,),To conclude,I want to thank you for your help.,conclusion:C,结论,;,结束,;,决定,;,协议,.,From these facts we can draw some conclusions about how the pyramids were built.,短语,:,make/draw a conclusion =,得出结论,come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion,bringto a conclusion,结束,in conclusion,最后,6.,John Snow was a famous doctor in London so,expert,indeed,that he,attended,Queen Victoria as her personal,physician,.,attend:v.,1),出席；参加,He decided to attend the meeting himself.,他决定亲自赴会。,2),照顾；看护。,Which doctor is attending(to/on)you?,哪位医生护理你？,3).,伴随,陪同,.,The work was attended with much difficulty.,这项工作带来许多困难,.,expert:,1)n.,专家，能手an agricultural expert,农业专家,2)adj.,熟练的，有专门技术或知识的,an expert rider,熟练的骑手,He was attended by his personal,physician,.,他的私人医生护理他。,7.,But he,became inspired,when he thought about helping ordinary,people exposed to cholera.,=ordinary people,who were,在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动，意为“患霍乱的”。,e.g.The book,written by LuXun,is very popular.,expose v.,(1).,暴露 “,expose.to.”,He exposes his skin to the sun.,他把皮肤暴露在阳光下。,(2),揭露,;,揭发,He exposed their plot.,他揭穿了他们的阴谋。,9.,Neither its cause,nor its,cure,was understood.,cure,n.,治疗方法,v.,治愈，治好（强调 结果）,cure,sb,.of,治好某人病,The doctor cured him of his illness at last.,医生最终治好了他的病,8.,So many thousands of,terrified people,died,every time,there was an outbreak,.,terrified people,惊恐的人们,Every time,I express an opinion,she argues back.,每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。,10.,He knew it would never be,controlled,until its cause was found.,control,v.to have power over,rule,direct,统治，控制,You are trying to control me as though I were your slave.,The government is trying its best to control prices.,政府正在努力控制物价。,He can not control his anger.,他无法抑制自己的愤怒。,n.,控制，统治，掌握,1)lose control of,失去对,控制,be out of control,失去控制,The driver lost control of his car and it knocked into a tree.,司机失去控制，车撞到了树上。,The car was out of control and ran into a wall.,车失去控制，撞到了墙上。,2)in control of,控制着,Mr.Brown is in control of the money.,布朗先生管理钱财。,3)under the control of,在,的控制下，被,控制着,Mr.Brown is,in control of,the money.=,The money is,under/in the control of,Mr.Brown.,11.absorb,vt,.,be absorbed in,被,吸引,专注于做某事,The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale.,1),吸收,(,水分,),A sponge absorbs water.,海绵吸水。,2).,吸收,接受,(,看法,知识,),The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge which teachers could give him.,12.Suggest,用法,:,1),Suggest,表示建议可跟名词，动名词及,that,从句,建议某人做某事，不用,suggest,sb.to,do,sth,.,而用,suggest,sbs,doing,或,that,从句如：,他建议我们早点去机场。,e suggested us leaving early for the airport.,He suggested our leaving early for the airport.,He suggested that we(should)leave early for the airport.,2,),“暗示，表明”可跟,that,从句，但必须用陈述语气,His pale face suggested that he was ill.,名词,suggestion,后跟的同位语从句和表语从句也用,that,sb,.(should)do,e.g.My suggestion is that we(should)have a meeting to discuss it at once.,13.,the cholera outbreak was so,severe,that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.,severe adj.,(1)(,人，纪律）严厉的，严格的,His severe look frightened me.,他的严厉表情使我恐慌。,(2)(,疼痛）剧烈的,He has a severe pain in his leg.,他的腿疼的厉害。,(3),be severe with=be strict with,对,要求严格,He is severe with himself.,他严格要求自己,SARS:severe acute respiratory syndrome,严重急性呼吸综合症,14.,It seemed that the water,was to blame,.,blame,sb,.for doing/,sth,.,因为某事责备某人,He blamed the boy for his mistake.,blameon,谴责,把,归功于,be to blame:,应受责备，应负责任,主动表被动,这个错误应归咎于谁？,Who is to blame for the mistake,？,We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that _ for their sons bad performance at school.,are to blame B.is to be blamed,C.are to be blamed D.is to blame,D,15.,Immediately,John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the,handle,from the water pump so it could not be used.,约翰斯诺马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样，水泵就用不成了。,handle n.,把手,v.(1),触，摸，拿,Please handle the glass with care.,(2),处理或负责，管理,The host handled a difficult argument skillfully,.,(3),操纵，控制,The car handles well.,这辆车开起来真灵便,immediately,the moment,directly,instantly,等都可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,意为“一,就,”,如,:,I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.,我一见到他就把这封信给他。,I came directly I got your letter.,我一接到你的信就来了。,The new bridge will,link,the sea,to,the,mainland.,His success,was linked to,his deep love for,people.,Is there a,link,between smoking and lung,disease?,吸烟与肺部疾病之间有关系吗？,16.,He found supporting evidence from two other deaths that,were linked to,the Broad Street outbreak.,be linked to,把,与,连接起来,17.announce,公布；宣告,We have announced our engagement to some friends.,我们已经向一些朋友宣布了我们的婚约。,The government spokesman announced that a new law had been passed.,政府发言人宣布一项新的法律已经被通过。,It has been announced that,he will resign.,他将辞职的消息已经宣布。,No one can say,with certainty,that the fires,were influenced by climate change.,18.,The water companies were also,instructed,not to expose people to,polluted water,any more.,Instruct,vt,.,命令，指示，教导,He instructed them to listen.,She instructed me in how to use the computer.,The general,instructed that,the soldiers(should)go to the front through the night.,归纳：,instruct,表示“命令”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气谓语动词用,should+,动词原形或省略,should.,Kindness is one of my grandpas,characteristics.,和善是爷爷的特性之一。,Radium,is a radioactive element.,镭是放射性元素。,He is a portrait,painter,.,他是一个肖像画家。,We all support his,scientific,research.,我们都支持他的科学研究。,Lets,analyse,the problem and see what went,wrong.,让我们分析一下这道题，看什么地方出错了。,The crossing of this dangerous river was a,challenge,to most of us.,对我们大多数人来说,横渡这条充满危险的大河确实是个挑战。,Think of yourself as a survivor,not a,victim,.,把自己看作幸运儿,不要看作受害者。,The,suspect,says he is innocent.,此嫌疑人称自己是无辜的。,I am sorry,I am not able to help you with your,enquiry,.,对不起，我无法帮助回答您的询问。,Youll find the hotel in the,neighbourhood,.,你会在附近找到这家旅店。,The heart has acted as a strong,pump,.,心脏充当了一部强有力的泵。,Can you,foresee,what will happen in the,future?,你能预见将来会发生什么吗,?,Polluted,water is not suitable for drinking.,污染的水不适合饮用。,Learning about language,Discovering useful words and expressions,1.victim,2.physician,3.,analyse,4.defeat,5.challenge,Find the word and expressions from thetext for each of the following meanings.,6.enquiry,7.pump,8.blame,9.absorb,10.link to,severe,suspected,exposed,experts,cure,foresaw,2.Choose the words in their correct forms to complete this passage.,concluded,announced,attended,3.Look at the following simple words,we can make another expressions using,make+a+noun,instead of them.to mistake=make a mistake,to suggest,to decide,to plan,to contribute,to speak,to be noisy,to change,to describe,to investigate,make an investigation,make a suggestion,make a plan,make a,make a change,make a,make a,make a noise,make a,speech,decision,contribution,description,Some possible examples for Exercise 4:,The teacher asked us not to,make faces,in class.,I tried to,make friends,with my,neighbour,but he was too old and did not want to talk to me.,The best way to,make money,is to study hard and gain good qualifications.,I didnt like them to collect me in their car so I,made my way to,the restaurant on foot by myself.,5.Im too tired to,make dinner,so I decided to eat out.,To,make sure,that he was at home,I called him up in advance.,Dont,make up you mind,about buying that house till you have seen a few more.,When you leave your flat in the morning,it looks tidier if you,make the bed,before you go.,The store is selling off their old television sets to,make room for,the latest models.,Discovering,Useful Structures,past participle used,as,the attribute&the predicative,一、过去分词作定语,1,、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有,被动和完成,的意义。,a lost animal,a used stamp,an injured finger,a broken coin,a lighted candle,一只迷路的动物,一枚用过的邮票,一个受伤的手指,一枚破损的硬币,一支点燃的蜡烛,注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。,e.g.,：,spoken,English,英语口语,written,exercises,书面练习,少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义,fallen,leaves,落叶,the,risen,sun,升起来的太阳,a,returned,student,一名归来的学生,a,retired,teacher,一名退休教师,an,escaped,prisoner,一名逃跑的囚犯,2,、过去分词作后置定语，表示,被动,和或,完成,意义,。,How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods!,我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊,!,I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth,我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。,The books written by Lu,Xun,are popular,鲁迅写的书很受欢迎。,想一想,什么时候用前置定语？,什么时候用后置定语？,单个的,过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词前,过去分词,短语,作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,Change the following Past Participle,into clauses.,1,）,The question discussed was very important.,=The question _ was very important.,which had been discussed,注,:,本句中的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成。,2,）,The United States is a developed country.,=The United Stated is a country,_.,which has developed,注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。,boiling water,boiled water,the changing world,the changed world,the rising sun,the risen sun,V-,ing,与,V-ed,作定语的区别,正在,沸腾的水,已经,烧开的水,正在,发生变化的世界,已经,变化了的世界,正在,升起的太阳,升起,了的太阳,V-,ing,表动作正在进行，,V-ed,