高中英语 语法篇专题6 动词和动词短语课件 人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专题六 动词和动词短语,一、动词分类一览表,分类,功能及构成,例词,例句,备注,实义动词,及物动词宾语,give,tell,send,etc.,He gave me a present.,实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词,不及物动词后不加宾语,work,swim,arrive,etc.,He arrived late.,系,动,词,本身有词义，不能单独用作谓语，必须跟表语构成系表结构,状态类,be,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,sit,lie,prove,turn out,work out,seem,appear,He is a teacher.,He always kept silent at meeting.,The plan turned out a success.,He seems(to be)very sad.,The search proved difficult.,感觉类,feel,smell,sound,taste,look,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,This flower smells very sweet.,大部分的表示变化类的系动词有进行时态，但所有的系动词都没有被动结构,变化类,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,make,The fish went bad.,He became a doctor two years ago.,She grew rich within a short time.,助动词,本身没有词义，用以帮,助构成时态、语态、否定,句、疑问句、倒装句等结,构。不可单,独使用，须,与动词原形,或分词构成,复合谓语,be,have,do,shall,和,will,的,各种形式,He doesnt like English.,He did know that.,I have bought a car.,Do you like college life?,Never will I come back,情态动词,无人称和数的变化。表示说话人的情感、态度、语气、命令、推测等。必须和动词原形连用构成谓语,(ought,除外,),can(could),may(might),shall(should),will(would),must,need,dare,We cant carry the heavy box.,He may come tomorrow.,We must study hard.,详见语法专题之情态动词和虚拟语气,二、动词短语,动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。,动词短语构成一览表：,构成,例词,例句,动词,+,副词,turn up,turn,off,etc,.,Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.,Please turn every light in the house off.,动词介词,agree with,etc.,I agree with you on that point.,动词,+,副词介词,look forward,to,etc,.,I look forward to seeing you soon.,动词名词介词,make use of,etc.,You should make full use of your time.,动词,+,名词,take,place,etc,.,Great changes are taking place in our life.,动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语来考查考生在具体语境中对其的理解和实际运用能力。,【,考点一,】,考查助动词的用法,助动词有,be(am,is,are,was,were,been),have(has,had),do(does,did),will(would,),shall(should,),。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。,（,1,）助动词,be(am,is,are,were,been),的用法,结构,用法,例句,be+,现在分词,构成进行时态,They are having a meeting.,be+,过去分词,构成被动语态,The window was broken by Tom.,be to do,sth,.,表示计划、安排或命令,He is to go to New York next week.,be going to do,sth,.,表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生某事,Look at the dark clouds.Its going to rain.,（,2,）助动词,have(has,had),的用法,结构,用法,例句,have+,过去分词,构成完成时态,He has left for London.,Have you seen the film?,He had left for London before I came.,have been+,现在分词,构成完成进行时态,What have you been doing these days?,（,3,）助动词,do(does,did),的用法,结构,用法,例句,do+,主语,+,动词原形,构成一般疑问句,Did you study German?,do not+,动词原形,构成实义动词的否定形式,I do not want to be criticized.,do+,动词原形,用于祈使句或陈述句中加强语气,He did buy a new car yesterday.,Do,do,some work.,代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复,My mother told me to go to bed early.So I did.,【,考点二,】,常考的变化类系动词辨析,系动词,用法,常用结构,例句,go,由好到坏或,由正常到不常的,变化“保持”,go bad,；,go,blind,；,go,mad;go,hungry,(unreported,unnoticed),The tire went flat.,He often went hungry in the past.,come,变成为（已,知,的状态）；,证实为,come true;,come right,Things will come right in the end.,His dream will come true sooner or later.,run,“,变成”,run short,；,run dry,The well has run dry.,turn,成为与以前完全不同的东西。,多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词。,The trees turn red in autumn.,He has turned writer.,fall,“,进入（某种状态）；成为”,fall asleep,；,fall ill,；,fall lame,；,fall silent,The old men,unable to express himself,fell silent.,get,“,变成，变得,起 来”。较口语化。强调“逐渐”。,后接形容词、分词、介词短语。,The days are getting longer and longer.,become,“,成为”，普通用,语，多表示过,去完成的事。,become+a(n,)+名词,She has become a lawyer.,He became angry with me.,grow,“,渐渐变得,起来；长得”，强调其变化过程。,常可接表示天气的形容词。,It,s growing warm.,appear,“,显得，好像”，,常用于正式文,体中。指给他,人的表面印象，,有时含有实质,上并非如此之意。,appear to be/adj./n./prep.,appear to do;,It appears that.;,appear as if/,though,He appeared to be talking to himself.,It appears that they are right.,The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.,seem,“,似乎，好像”。指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。,seem to be/adj./n./prep.,seem to do,；,It seems that.;,seems as if/though,The young man seemed to have changed much.,It seems that she is happy.,She seemed as if she couldnt understand why Laura was there,.,look,“,好像，看起来”，一,般用于非正式场合。,侧重由视觉得到的印,象。,look+adj./n./prep,.,look like;,look as if/though,She looks like her mother.,It looks as if we are going to have snow.,【,考点三,】,考查主动形式表被动意义的用法,（,1,）,need,want,require(,要求，需要,),deserve(,应得，值得,),be worth(,值得,),，后面接,doing,主动形式表被动意义。,The book is worth reading.,These young seedlings will require/need looking after(=need to be looked after)carefully.,Your hair wants/needs cutting(needs to be cut).,（,2,）不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。,I have much work to do.,（与,work,有动宾关系，与,I,有主谓关系）,比较：,I have a letter to be typed.,（,3,）不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,(,主语,+,系动词,+,形容词,+,不定式,),，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时,(difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expensive,etc,.),，不定式用主动表被动。,The question is difficult to answer.,The work is easy to do.(=Its easy to do the work.),（,4,）有些动词,(,短语,),只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。,take place,happen,break out,等。,A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night.,一些动词,如,:sell(,销售,),wash(,洗,),clean(,打扫,),burn(,燃烧,),cook(,煮,),write(,写,),等与副词,如,:well(,好,),easily(,容易地,),perfectly(,十分地,),等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是：主语,+,动词,+,副词。,The book sells well.,These clothes wash easily.,The pen writes well.,Nylon cleans easily.,【考点四,】,考查易混短语的用法,动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析。,1.AGREE,短语,sb.agree with sb.,某人同意某人的话,/,意见,sth,.agree with sb.,某物,/,某事适应某人,agree to the plan/decision/arrangement,同意计划,/,决定,/,安排,agree on,sth,.,就,达成共识,agree to do,sth,.,同意干某事,2.BREAK,短语,break away(from),（与,）脱离；改掉（习惯）,break down,（身体）垮掉；（计划、谈判）失败；（汽车）抛锚；分解（强调化学变化）,break in/into,闯入,break off,折断；断绝,break out,（,fire,disease,war,etc.,）突发，爆发（火灾，疾病，战争等）,break up,打碎；分裂；分解,(,强调化学变化,),3.BRING,短语,bring about,引起，造成；实现,bring back,拿回；使回忆起来,bring down,使倒下；降低,bring in,挣得；介绍引进,bring on,引起,导致,bring out,揭示，揭露,bring.to light,揭露；使了解到,bring up,抚养；呕吐,4.CALL短语,call,at+sp,.,拜访某地,call on/upon+sb.,访问，拜访某人,call for,要求；需要,call in,召集；请来,call off,取消,call up,打电话；令人想起,5.CARRY,短语,carry on,进行；进行下去,carry out,贯彻，执行,carry through,顺利完成，顺利实现,6.COME,短语,come about,发生；造成,come across,偶遇,come along,加油，快点；进展，进行,come into,effect(force,),生效,come into being,形成；产生,come into power,开始执政,come on,快点,come out,出来；出版；结果,come around/round,恢复知觉；绕道而来,come to oneself,苏醒过来,come up,靠近；被提到；发生,come up with,提出（主意，计划等）,7.CUT,短语,cut down,砍倒；削减,cut in,（,on,）插嘴；插入,cut off,切断；断绝,cut through,抄近路走过；刺穿,cut up,切碎,8.GET,短语,get along/,on(with,),融洽相处；进展,get away,离开,get down,击落；记下,get down to,开始认真考虑get in,到达；收获,get off,下车；脱下,get out,出去，离开；泄露,get over,克服,get through,接通电话；用完；做完；通过,get up,起床,9.GIVE,短语,give away,泄露；出卖,give in,让步，投降；交上,give off,发出,(,蒸汽、液体、雾等,),give out,分发；发出,(,气味、热等,),；用尽，精疲力竭,give up,放弃,(,念头、希望等,),10.GO,短语,go against,反对；违反；不利于,go by(,从,旁,),走过；顺便走访,go down,下降,go in for,参加；爱好,go off,离开；爆炸,go over(,对,进行,),仔细检查；润色；复习,go through,仔细检查；经历，经受；被通过,go with,伴随；与,相配,11.KEEP,短语,keep an eye on,注意；监视,keep away from,不让接近,keep back,阻止；隐瞒,keep down,镇压；保留,keep in mind,记住,keep in touch with,与,保持联系,keep on,继续,keep to,遵循；坚持,keep.to oneself,对,守口如瓶,keep up with,跟上；不落后,12.LOOK,短语,look after,照顾，照看,look ahead,向前看；着眼未来,look back,回头看；回顾,look around,四处看,look down upon,看不起；轻视,look out,小心；当心,look on,旁观；观望,look into,调查,look through,浏览；翻阅；仔细查看,look up,查寻；向上看,13.PUT,短语,put away,放好；储存,put down,写下；镇压,put forward,提出；推举,put off,推迟,put on,穿上,put out,扑灭,put up,举起；投宿；张贴,put up with,忍受；容忍,14.SET,短语,set about,开始，着手（后接名词、代词和动名词）,set out,出发；开始；陈列,set to,起劲地干起来；毅然开始做,set aside,留出；不顾；撤销；驳回,set off(for),出发,动身；使爆炸；引起；衬托,set up,设立；竖立,架起；立业,15.TAKE,短语,take after,（在外貌或行为方面）酷似,take along,随身带着,take away,取走,take back,收回,take in,吸收；理解；欺骗,take off,脱衣；起飞；广泛使用，大受欢迎,take on,呈现；开始雇佣；从事,take over,接收，接管,take up,占据；开始从事；继续,16TURN,短语,turn away,把,打发走；不让,进入,turn down,调低；拒绝,turn into,进入；,(,使,),变成,(,主要指物质形态、性质等的转变,),turn off,关掉,turn on,开启,turn out,关掉；证实；结果是；生产,turn over,翻过来,turn to,转向；求助于,turn up,调高；找到，发现；出现,1.The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box“This Side Up”.(2010,全国,),A.carried B.delivered C.pressed D.packed,解析：选,D,。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：工人们把玻璃制品包装好，并给每个箱子做上“此面向上”的标记。,carry,搬运；,deliver,递送；,press,按，压；,pack,给,打包。,2.My mother opened the drawer to _ the knives and spoons.(2010,全国,),A.put away B.put up C.put on D.put together,解析：选,A,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我妈妈打开抽屉把刀子和勺子放好。,put away,把,放好，收拾起来；,put up,举起,;,搭建,;,张贴,;,挂起；,put on,穿戴上；,put together,把,放在一起。,3.No matter how low you consider yourself,there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.(2010,安徽,),A.getting rid of B.getting along with,C.looking up to D.looking down upon,解析：选,C,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：不管你认为自己多么不好，总会有人崇拜你，并希望能像你那样。,get rid of,摆脱；去除；,get along with,与,相处；,look up to,尊敬；敬仰；,look down upon,看不起；轻视。,4.How did you like Nicks performance last night?,To be honest,his singing didnt _ to me much.(2010,安徽,),A.appeal B.belong C.refer D.occur,解析：选,A,。考查固定短语的用法。答语句意为：说实话，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。,appeal to,吸引；,belong to,属于；,refer to,提到；涉及；,occur to,被想到。,5.Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do.Lets _ it.(2010,福建,),A.keep up with B.do away with,C.get down to D.look forward to,解析：选,C,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我们刚刚搬进一所大点的房子里，有许多事情要做，让我们开始做吧。,get down to,开始做，着手做。,keep up with,赶上；,do away with,废除,;,去掉；,look forward to,期盼。,6.In this day and age,women can have children and jobs as well.,I cant agree more.Its great to have the two _.(2010,福建,),A.linked B.related C.connected D.combined,解析：选,D,。考查动词词义辨析。答语句意为：我非常赞同。让这两者结合真是太好了。,have,sth,.done.,使某事被做。,link,联系，连接；,relate,使互相关联；,connect,连接；,combine,结合，合并。,7.In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2010,福建,),A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck,解析：选,B,。考查非谓语动词的用法。,remain,作系动词意为“保持，继续”，后面要接名词、形容词或分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态。据此判断应该选择,B,项,stuck,。,stuck,表示“被卡住”，引申为“被滞留”。,8.Duty is an act or a course of action that people _ you to,take by social customs,law or religion.(2010,湖北,),A.persuade B.request C.instruct D.expect,解析：选,D,。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：所谓职责，就是大家根据社会习俗、法律或者宗教信仰期望你所采取的一种行动或行为方式。,expect,预料；期望；指望，符合句意。,persuade,说服，使某人相信；,request,礼貌地要求，请求；,instruct,命令；教授；指导。,9.Just as the clothes a person wears,the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time,his house _ his personality.(2010,湖北,),A.resembles B.strengthens C.reflects D.shapes,解析：选,C,。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：对于一个人来说，就像他的穿衣、吃饭以及与之度过时光的朋友一样，他的房子代表了他的个性。,reflect,反射；显示；反映，符合题意。,resemble,类似，像；,strengthen,加强；巩固；,shape,塑造，使成形；形成；使符合,。,10.Had she _ her promise,she would have made it to Yale University.(2010,湖北,),解析：选,B,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果她遵守她的诺言，她就会成功进入耶鲁大学。,look up to,尊敬,仰望；,live up to,遵守；不辜负；,keep with up,赶上；,come up with,提出。,11.Parents _ much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.(2010,江西,),A.attach B.pay C.link D.apply,解析：选,A,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：父母都十分重视教育。他们会竭尽所能给他们的孩子们那种极其珍贵的礼物。,attach importance to,认为,有重要性；,pay,付钱；,link.to.,把,和,连接在一起；,apply.to.,把,应用于,。,12.Smell the flowers before you go to sleep,and you may just _ sweet dreams.(2010,江西,),A.keep up with B.put up with,C.end up with D.catch up with,解析：选,C,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：睡觉之前闻闻这些花，你就会进入甜美的梦乡。,keep up with,跟上；,put up with,忍受；,end up with,以,为结束；,catch up with,赶上。,13.Thousands of people _ to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.(2010,辽宁,),A.turned on B.turned in,C.turned around D.turned out,解析：选,D,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：结果显示有成千上万的人观看了昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。,turn out,结果为；证明是；,turn on,打开；,turn in,上交,递交；,turn around,转身。,14.The new movie _ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time.(2010,辽宁,),A.promises B.agrees,C.pretends D.declines,解析：选,A,。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：这部新电影有望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。,promise,许诺，答应；有,的希望；,agree,同意，赞同；,pretend,假装；,decline,衰老，衰退。,15.Sam _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.(2010,山东,),A.brought up B.looked up,C.picked upD.set up,解析：选,C,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：山姆只通过观察别人操作电脑就学到了一些电脑知识。,pick up,学会；捡起；顺车接送，搭载；收拾，整理；重新开始；获得；,bring up,抚养，教育；提出；呕吐；,look up,向上看；（形势）好转，改善；查阅；,set up,建立，设置；造成，产生。,16.Your house is always so neathow do you _ it with three children?(2010,山东,),A.manage B.serve,C.adapt D.construct,解析：选,A,。考查动词在具体语境中的使用。句意为：你家总是这么整洁,你是如何带着三个孩子做到这一点的？表示“设法做成某事”用,manage it,。,serve,服务；接待；,adapt,使适应，使适合；,construct,建造，构筑；构思。,17.You look well.The air and the sea foods in,Sanya,must _ you,I suppose.(2010,陕西,),A.agree with B.agree to,C.agree on D.agree about,解析：选,A,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：你看上去气色很好。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定适合你。,agree with,同意，赞成；与,相适应；,agree to,同意，赞成（观点，看法等）；,agree on,就,达成协议；,agree about,对,有相同的看法。,18.Some people eat with their eyes.They prefer to order what _ nice.(2010,四川,),A.looks B.smells,C.feels D.tastes,解析：选,A,。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：一些人用眼睛来吃饭，他们喜欢点看起来好的菜。,looks,与上句中的,eat with their eyes,相呼应。,19.Jenny was looking for a seat when,，,luckily,，,a man_ and left.(2010,四川,),A.took up B.got up C.shut up D.set up,解析：选,B,。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：,Jenny,正在找座位，这时，很幸运地，有一个人站起来离开了。,get up,起床，起立。,take up,从事，占据时间或空间；,shut up,闭嘴；,set up,建造，搭起。,20.He telephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to _ London.(2010,天津,),A.order B.arrange C.take D.book,解析：选,D,。考查动词词义辨析。句意为：他打电话给旅行社预定三张去伦敦的机票。,book,和,tickets,搭配，是“订票”的意思。,