高中英语 英语基本句型及成分课件 新人教版必修1 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,基本句型,高二政治,针对高一学生,英语句子的种类,中文思维导致的段落结构问题,英语句子的种类,简单句,(The simple sentence),并列句,(The compound sentence),复合句,(The complex sentence),巩固练习：,1,冬季白天短，夜晚长,2,十五岁他,就成为,有名的钢琴家了。,3,孩子们很少,保持,安静。,4,她的工作,是,在幼儿园里照看儿童。,In winter,the days,are,short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen,he,became,a famous pianist.,Children seldom,keep,quiet.,Her job,is,to look after the children in the nursery.,1,主系表结构,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,2.,主谓结构,主语,+,不及物的谓语动词,3.,主谓宾结构,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语,4,双宾语结构,主语,+,及物谓语动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,5,复合宾语结构,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,6,There be,句型,there+be,+,主语,+状语,Eg,.The girl is beautiful.,My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,I wrote a letter last night.,I gave you a book.,The sun keeps us,warm.,.There are 60 students in our class,.,英语基本句型,-1,主系表结构,本结构是由,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,组成，主要用以说明,主语的,特征，类属，状态，身份,等。系动词有,:,1.,表示特征和存在状态的,be,seem,feel,appear,look,smelltaste,sound,;,2.,表示状态延续的,remain,stay,keep,3.,表示状态变化的,become,get,turn,go,fall,come,grow;,Our English teacher is,thirty years old.,The cake tastes,delicious.,The potatoes went,bad,in the fields.,Their boss seems,satisfied with the work.,Deep water stays,still.,5,他失业了。,6,树叶,已经变,黄了,7,这个报告,听起来,很有意思,He,is,out of work.,The leaves have,turned,yellow.,The report,sounds,interesting,1.As in China,the weather is different from area to area.,主系表句型,的几个特例：,2.We are greatly surprised to meet him there.,3.It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.,4.It is kind of you to say so.,5.It is not easy for them to go there by bike.,6.Is it Tom who is playing the piano?,7.It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.,2,主谓结构,本结构是由,主语加不及物的谓语动词,构成,常用来表示主语的动作。,如：,The sun rises.Tom has already left.,主语,可有修饰语,-,定语,，,谓语,可有修饰语,-,状语,。,如,:,1.The,red,sun rises,in the east.,2.So they had to travel,by air or boat,.,3.We got up,early so as to catch the first,bus.,4.She sat,there,alone,reading a novel.,5.He came back,when we were eating.,6.,Weak,buildings will fall down,in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.,巩固练习：,1,她昨天回家很晚。,She went home very late yesterday evening,.,2,会议将持续两个小时。,The meeting will last two hours.,3,在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。,Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,4,1919,年，在北京爆发了“五,.,四”运动。,The May Fourth Movement broke out,in Beijing in 1919.,5,每天八时开始上课。,Classes begin at eight every day.,6,这个箱子重五公斤。,This box weighs five kilos.,8,秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。,In autumn,some birds fly to the south,.,9,我的爷爷早晨起得很早,。,My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,10.,每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,.,Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library,to borrow books.,英语基本句型,-3,主谓宾结构,本结构是由,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语,构成,。,宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如,：,1.Tom made,a hole,in the wall.,2.I dont know,if he can come tomorrow,.,3.They havent decided,where to go next.,4.She stopped,teaching English,two years ago.,5.It took,them,ten years to build the dam.,7.Mother promises,to give me a present,.,巩固练习：,1,昨晚我写了一封信。,I wrote a letter last night.,2,今天下午我想同你谈谈。,I want to talk with you this afternoon,3,这本书他读过多次了。,He has read this book many times.,4,他们成功地完成了计划,They have carried out the plan successfully.,5,那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,That gentleman can speak,three languages,fluently,.,6,我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。,I received,a letter,from my,penfriend,in Australia.,7,Jim,还不会自己穿衣服。,cannot dress Jim,himself,8,我们大家都相信,Jack,是一个诚实男孩。,All of us believe,that Jack is an honest boy,.,9.,他不知道说什麽好。,He did not know,what to say,10.,我开窗户你在意吗？,Do you mind,my opening the window,?,英语基本句型,4,双宾语结构,说明：此结构由“,主语,+,及物谓语动词,+,间接宾语（人）,+,直接宾语（事物）”,组成。如：,He brings me cookies every day.,但若要,先说出直接宾语（事物），,后说间接宾语,（人），则要借助于介词,to,或,for,。如：,He brings cookies to me every day.,She made a beautiful dress for me.,用,to,侧重指动作的方向，表示,朝着，向着，对着,某人。,用,for,侧重指动作的受益者，,表示为了某人，替某人,。,常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助,to,的）,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等；,（需借助,for,的）,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,等。,巩固练习：,1,Johnson,先生去年教我们德语。,.,Mr,Johnson taught us German last year.,2,奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,3,请把那本字典递给我好吗？,.Would you please pass me the dictionary?,4,他把车票给列车员看。,.He showed the ticket to the conductor,5,我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？,Shall I call you a taxi?,6,新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,The new machine will save you a lot of,labour,.,7,他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,英语基本句型,5,复合宾语结构,说明,:,此结构由“,主语,+,及物的谓语动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语”,构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有,逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。,可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：,The sun keeps us,warm.,I heard him,singing.,You must get your hair,cut.,They made Tom,monitor.,He used to do his homework with his radio,on,.,用,it,做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：,主语,+,谓语,+it+,宾补,+,真正宾语,。如：,I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,巩固练习：,1,我们叫她,Alice.,2,我们大家都认为他是诚实的。,3,他们把小偷释放了。,4,我要你把真相告诉我。,5.,卫兵命令我们立即离开。,6.,每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。,7,我们不会让她在晚上外出的,8,我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,We wont let her go out at night.,We wont let her go out at night.,9,那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了,10,她正在听人家讲故事。,11,我从来没看见这个字这样用过。,12,他感到很难跟你交谈。,13,我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。,14,学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,The terrible sound made the children frightened.,She is listening to someone telling stories.,I have never seen the word used that way before.,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,I consider it possible to work out the problem,in another way.,The school made it a rule that the students,should stand up when class begins.,英语基本句型,6,There be,句型,说明：此句型是由“,there+be,+,主语,+,状语”,构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“,有,”,。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词,be,之后，,there,仅为引导词，并无实际语意。,此句型有时不用,be,动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。如：,There stands a hill in the middle of the park.,Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,Be,与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：,现在有,there,is/are,过去有,there,was/were,将来有,there,will be,；,there,is/are going to be,.,现在已经有,there,has/have been,可能有,there,might be,.,肯定有,there,must be,/there,must have been,.,过去曾经有,there,used to be,似乎有,there,seems/seem/seemed to be,碰巧有,there,happen/happens/happened to be,巩固练习：,1,这个村子过去只有一口井。,2,客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。,3,天气预报说下午有大风。,4,灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。,5,战前这儿一直有家电影院的,.,6,恰好那时房里没人。,7,从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。,8,公共汽车来了。,9,就只剩下二十八美元了。,10,铃响了。,1.There was only a well in the village.,2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.,3.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.,4.The light is on.There must be someone in the office.,5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.,6.There happened to be nobody in the room.,7.Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.,8.There comes the bus.,9.There remained only twenty eight dollars.,10.There goes the bell.,1.I turned on the TV.,We began to watch it.,2.I bought my sister a present.,She didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,I turned on the TV,and,webegan to watch it.,I bought my sister a present,but,she didnt like it.,并列句,阅读下列各组句子,填入适当的,并列连词,.,1.She tried hard,_she was,unsuccessful.,2.Put on more clothes,_you may,catch cold.,but,or,4.In the old days,he could_ read _write.,5.How great he is!He can_ read,French _speak it well.,6.He knew nothing about the,man,_ he didnt trust him.,neither,nor,both,and,so,请用合适的,并列连词,把每组句子合并为一个并列句。,1.He was tired.,He went to bed.,2.The child hid behind his mother.,He was afraid of the dog.,He was tired,so,he went to bed.,The child hid behind his mother,for,he was afraid of the dog.,3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but,he didnt keep it.,4.Mary is opening the door.,John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door,and,John is greeting her guests.,请用,括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个,复合句,。,I still remember the day.I first came to Beijing on that day.(when),I still remember the day,when,I first,came to Beijing.,各种状语从句,e.g.,Time passed quickly,before,we knew it.,The moment,we reached the farm,we,got down to harvesting.,So long as,we work harder at our lessons,well catch up sooner or later.,Do call me before hand,so that,I can meet,you at the airport.,They had to wait,because,the rain was,getting more and more heavily.,定语从句,e.g.In my opinion,cyber cafes,should be a place,where,we can,find much useful information.,Lets come to the main teaching,building,at the back of,which,stands,the school library.,各种名词性从句,e.g.,Thats,what,I should do.,We should do a,favour,to,whoever,needs help at present.,中文思维对英文遣词造句的干扰,1.Good,good,study,day,day,up.,2.Zhang Hang studies in Shanxi Province,Xian city,Hongqi,Middle School.,3.,Lipin,has 5 classes in the morning,afternoon,has 2 classes.,4.Our country has taken place great changes.,5.Her age is young.,正,:Study hard and youll make progress every day.,Hongqi,Middle School,Xian city,Shanxi Province,_,_,and 2 in the afternoon,正,:,Great changes have taken place in our country.,She is young.,T or F:,中文式表达是中国学生写作中最常见的问题，同时也是最难解决的问题。这些中文式的表达没有语法、句法错误，但就是不符合英文的表达习惯。这是中、西方思维差异带来的语言表达上的差异。因此，要发现这些中式英文并有效地加以修改，从而写出地道的英文作文，考生一定首先要了解中、西思维方式的差异，,知道英文的习惯表达是什么样的,.,这些文化差异的知识需要大家读一些相关的文章来理解，更需要大家平时通过读原汁原味的英文来体会和模仿。,下面介绍一些最基本的差异供大家参考。,一、中文表达习惯导致的搭配错误和问题,英文表达中有一些,习惯的搭配,，如果不知道其用法，直接从中文字对字地翻译成英文就造成搭配错考生在平时的阅读中应该留意,积累,英文中这些的搭配并加以,记忆，,这样在写作中才能表达地道。,1.,主谓搭配错误,例：,In,recent,years,，,people,who,have private cars have increased,-,the number of people who have-.,My study is very busy lately,。,Im very busy with my study lately,.,2,动宾搭配问题,考生在动宾搭配方面常常出现两个问题。第一，搭配有误。这还是由于,不熟悉固定搭配,，从中文表达字对字翻译造成的。第二，更多情况下，考生找不到合适的动词时，总是依赖一些所谓的“万能动词”，如,make,，,take,，,bring,，,help,，,have,等等，这样的表达不够精确,。,因此，考生在平时的英语学习中要注意积累动宾搭配，,如：,enrich knowledge,，,broaden ones horizon,，,to better ones life,，,to sharpen ones skills,等等。这样,考场上写作时才能表达自如确切,.,例：,We can learn more knowledge with the help,of Internet,obtain/gain,knowledge,二、中文句法导致的英语句法错误,1.Smoke is harmful to our heath.,2.Watch TV can broaden our horizon,3.I take a part-time job help me make some money,4.There are 30 students sit in the examination.,Smoking,Watching TV,I make some money by taking a part-time job.,sitting,_,_,_,_,三、中文思维导致的中文式句子,汉语是自然语序，即思维和语言自然合拍，句子的语序,基本反映了思想的过程：见到什么就先说什么，叙事是按时间发生顺序。句子习惯在开头从侧面说明外围环境，如时间、地点、原因、条件等，最后画龙点睛，点出重要信息、下结沦、表态度。汉语多用短语或简单句，句式中心在后。汉语中大量句子采用兼动式或连动式结构，动词较多。,英语恰好相反，说话人在说话前先把要表达的信息组织一下，一般强调什么先说什么习惯把主要信息置于头，即把最重要的事，如态度、观点、结论放在句首直截了当先说出，然后再将其他信息如理由、事实、原因、例证等补充进来。因此英语复合句较多，句子结构多为重心在前，,句子呈线性，即以主,谓,宾为核心，首先安排主要内容，然后借助连词、短语、从句进行扩展，使句子成分有效地结合起来。,通常一个英语单句或从句仅有一个或几个并列动词充当,谓语，其他动作的意义则用其他类词，如非谓语动词、,名词化结构、介词、副词等充当其他成分来表示。,如：,After so many years of isolation,，,I have now,received your letter,，,so I am very glad,I am very glad to have received your letter after,so many years of isolation,，,再如：,In the last summer vacation,，,I visited some,of places and met different kinds of people.,I can,tell many wonderful stories about them,There are many wonderful stories to tell about the,places l visited and different kinds of people I met,during the last summer vacation,中文文章还喜欢用比喻，如：只有教育才能让我们国家立于世界民族之林。如果用下面的句子表达此义，,Nothing but education can make our country stand in the forest of the world people,，尽管西方人可能读懂我们的意思，但这句表达是中文式的。英语则用,rank among the advanced countries in the world,又如：,Now we are studying hardAfter we step out,of the school gate,，,we can contribute to our society,_,_,After graduation,四、中文思维导致的段落结构问题,汉语习惯于环形思维，先纵览全貌，得到一个结论，然后再反复证明这一结论。而西方人的思维模式主要表现为直线型，英语文章,开门见山直入主题,，然后再分要点对该主题加以分析、论证，最后是结论。好的段落具有统一性和连贯性，段落开头的主题句直截了当，内容按直线展开，层层深入，辅助支持句紧扣中心思想。英文的段落主题句明确，逻辑思路清晰，条理分明，层层推进环环相扣。中国学生受到汉语思维习惯的影响，写文章时不按英文特点展开，显得条理性、逻辑性差。,请看下例：,结 论,审题，抓点,造句，成文,改错，誉写,背诵精彩范文,技 巧,1.,使用较高级的词汇,3.,使用恰当的连接词,词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。,运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。,使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。,增强书面表达效果的技巧,2.,使用较丰富的句式,Thank you!,Best wishes to you！,欢迎你的光临,请,留下宝贵建议,