高中英语Unit 3 Tomorrow s worldGrammar and usage课件牛津版必修四 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar and usage,Revision,Look at the following sentences.,Point out the verb,the subject and the object in each of these sentences,and change them into passive voice.,We keep food in the fridge.,The boy broke the glass.,You must close the windows and the door.,Food is kept in the fridge.,The glass was broken by the boy.,The windows and the door must be closed.,Whats the difference between,active voice and passive voice?,Tense,The active voice,The passive voice,The simple present,do/does,am/is/are done,The present continuous,am/is/are doing,am/is/are being done,The present perfect,has/have done,has/have been done,The simple future,be going to/will do,be going to/will be done,The simple past,did,was/were done,The past continuous,was/were doing,was/were being done,The past perfect,had done,had been done,Point 1,Usually the doer of the action neednt be,mentioned in the passive sentence,but if,it is needed,we use,by,to introduce the,doer of the action.For example,How can it be used in other ways?,(It is difficult to say who the doer is.),Upon reaching the top of the mountain,a,feeling of happiness and a sense of,achievement will be experienced.,(It is not necessary to mention the doer.),Point 2,When a verb is followed by two objects,either of the objects can be used as the,subject in the passive sentence.However,you should know the difference between,using the person and the thing as the subject.,For example:,Our teacher often tells,ussome interesting stories,in English.,We,are often told,some interesting stories,in English.,Some interesting stories,are often told,to,us,in English.,My friends gave,me some nice presents,on,my birthday.,I,was given,some nice presents,on my birthday,by my friends.,Some nice presents,were given,to,me,on my,birthday by my friends.,My mother will make,us a cake,this Saturday.,We,will be made,a cake,by my mother,this Saturday.,A cake,will be made,for us,by my mother,this Saturday.,Point 3,When an infinitive is used as an object,complement after some verbs,such as,make,let,notice,observe,see,watchor hear,in the active voice,the infinitive maker,to,should be,omitted,but,if the sentence is changed into the passive voice,to,should be used before the infinitive.More examples:,I often hear the girl,play,the piano in the,afternoon.,The girl is often heard,to play,the piano in,the afternoon.,The teacher makes his students,write,a composition every week.,The students are made,to write,a composition every week.,Point 4,Get,can also be used in the passive voice,instead of,be,.For example,My bike,got stolen,last night.,Youd better,get changed,quickly,for the,party will begin soon.,This window seems to have,got broken,.,Point 5,Some verbs used in the active,give a passive meaning.For example,This sweater,washes,well.,The pen,writes,smoothly.,Point 6,Some transitive verbs cannot be used,in the passive voice,for these verbs,indicate states not actions.For example,I,like,pop songs and often listen to them.,He,has,a big house near the river.,You can,depend on,her to deal with the situation.,There are two special sentence patterns,which can be used in the passive voice.,It is hoped/believed/reported/thought/that.,or,Sb,.is hoped/believed/reported/thought/to do,sth,.,(1),人们希望他的身体很快会好起来,.,It is hoped that,he will be better soon.,He,is hoped to be,better soon.,It is reported that,another manned satellite,will be sent into the moon next month.,Another manned satellite,is reported to be,sent into the moon next month.,(2),据报道,下个月又一颗人造卫星将会被发送到月球上,.,The three missing sailors,are believed to,have,drowned,.,It is believed that,the three missing sailors,have drowned.,(3),人们认为这三个失踪的海员已经淹死了,.,Some interesting technologies(1)_,developed at the moment.The first is a jacket,created by(2)_.The,smart jacket has _,this year.It includes a built-in,mobile phone and an MP3,player.It has been worn by4),_,who found it comfortable and very,“cool”.,The second is a power-free fridge.,It(5)_ by a farmer from,Nigeria.To keep fruit and vegetables,Complete the report according to the given,Information on Page 49.,are being,Electric Wear,been developed,teenagers,was invented,fresh for three weeks,only two clay pots and,some wet sand(6)_-it is totally,power-free.,Scientists responsible for,soya,bean plastic,say that studies into natural plastic have,(7)_,and that various plastic materials,(8)_ soon.The natural,plastic(9)_ made of,soya,beans,meaning less rubbish.,Last but not least is the Sonic Washer.,At last years Tech Expo,the development,of a new kind of washing machine(10)_.,This year,the Sonic Washer(11)_,finally _.,are used,been completed,will be produced,will be,was announced,shown,was,Clothes(12)_ without liquid soap,or washing power.These new technologies,will be on display throughout the,week at Tech Expo.,are cleaned,Modal verbs in the passive voice,in the,present and the past tenses:,Go over Parts 1 and 2 on page 50.,Complete the following report by referring to,the information given on Page 50.,It has been suggested that travel sickness,_ by using virtual reality(VR).,This could be of great benefit to people,and will be researched further.200 volunteers,will take part in our study.For 20 days,a,virtual car trip(2)_ every day by each,volunteer.The trips(3)_ to last between,20 and 30 minutes.A VR headset(4)_,by the volunteers.Over time,volunteers,(5)_ used to the feeling of motion.In this,way,their need for travel sickness pills,(6)_.Hopefully,travel sickness,(7)_ in some sufferers.,can be reduced,must be taken,should be made,must be worn,may become,ought to be reduced,might be cured,Complete some sentences by choosing,one of the two words given.,The child are getting _ about the coming,holiday.(exciting;excited),Dont you get _ of arguing about the same,thing all the time?(tiring;tired),Joan isnt very good at Physics,so everyone,was _ when she passed the exam.,(surprising;surprised),All of us were very _ last Saturday because,our team lost the game.,(disappointing;disappointed),It was snowing last night.So everything is,_ with snow this morning.,(covering;covered),My parents are quite _ with my best results.,(pleasing;pleased),Both of them are _ with the arrangement.,(satisfying;satisfied),Complete the article on Page 51.,Notes:,Not all transitive verbs can be used in the passive,voice.Such,verbs usually refer to,states,not,actions,such,as,have,want,like,and lack.,They,have,a nice house with a small beautiful garden.,This pair of shoes doesnt,fit,me.,I would,like,you to go swimming with me.,We,want,you to be in charge of the work.,(2)Not all prepositional verbs,that is,verb+a preposition,can be used in the,passive voice,(3)In some situations,a past/present participle should be used after,be.,All of the people at the meeting,agreed with,me.,The dog,belongs to,my cousin.,After getting off his car,he,walked into,the house.,Im,tired,of doing the same thing day after day.The job is really,tiring,.,I didnt think the story was,frightening,but Helen was,frightened,by it.,Practice:,1.All the employees except the manager _to,work online at home.,（,04,广东）,A.encourages B.encourage,C.is encouraged D.are encouraged,2.The number of deaths from heart disease will be,reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and,vegetables.,（,04,上海）,A.persuade B.will persuade,C.be persuaded D.are persuaded,3.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work,for the Beijing Olympics _by 2008.,（,04,北京,),A.has been completedB.has completed,C.will have been completed D.will have completed,4.More patients _in hospital this year than last,year.,（,04,江苏）,A.treated B.have treated,C.had been treated D.have been treated,5.No permission has _ for anybody to enter,the building.(MET88),A.been givenB.given C.to giveD.be giving,6.The police found that the house _ and a lot,of things_.(MET90),A.has broken into,has been stolen,B.had broken into,had been stolen,C.has been broken into,stolen,D.had been broken into,stolen,7.-Have you moved into the new house?(MET91),-Not yet,the rooms _.,A.are being paintedB.are painting,C.are paintedD.are being painting,8.If city noises _ from increasing,people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner,table 20 years from now.(MET 92),A.are not kept;will have to B.are not kept;have to,C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have to,9.I dont know the restaurant,but its _to be quite a,good one.(MET95),A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked.,10.-_the sports meet might be put off.,-Yes,it all depends on the weather.(MET95),A.Ive been told B.Ive told C.Im told D.I told,11.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by,the hour.(MET98),A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay,12.The heros story _ differently in the,newspaper.(05,全国,II),A.was reportedB.was reporting,C.reports D.reported,13.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that,each of us has a role _ in making the,earth a better place to live.(03,春季上海,),A.to have played B.to play,C.to be played D.to be playing,14.Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you cant have time,to _ before the party.04,全国,II,）,A.get changedB.get change,C.get changing D.get to change,15.According to the art dealer,the painting _,to go for at last a million dollars.(04,全国,III),A.is expected B.expects,C.expected D.is expecting,16.I cant see any coffee in this cupboard._?(05,北京春,),A.Has it all been finished B.Was it all finished,C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finish,17.After a fire broke out in the lab,a lot of equipment,.(05,北京春,),A.is damaged B.had damaged,C.damaged D.was damaged,18.-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?,-I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.(05,江苏),A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that,C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what,19.The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car.(05,广东,),A.has been B.was being C.had been D.would be,20.It was only with the help of the local guide _05,上海,)A.was the mountain climber rescued,B.that the mountain climber was rescued,C.when the mountain climber was rescued,D.then the mountain climber was rescued,Translation into English:,1.,我很困,因为我被蚊子搅了一整夜。,2.,任务的所有准备工作已经就绪，我们已经准备开始。,3.,我有十分钟来决定是否拒绝那个提议。,I am sleepy because,was worried by mosquitoes,all,night.,All the preparations for the task have been completed,and were ready to start.,I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should,reject the offer.,4.,据报道，到去年年底又一个体育馆在北京竣工了。,5.,一般说来，没人喜欢在众人面前被捉弄。,6.,昨天的会议一定被推迟了，因为恶劣的天气使得许多,专家无法及时赶到。,It was reported that another new gymnasium had,been completed in Beijing by the end of last year.,Generally speaking,no one likes being made fun,of in public.,The meeting must have been put off yesterday because,many specialists could not arrive in time/because of/,due to the bad weather.,Thank you!,