中考专题八动词的分类（PPT）.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第,8,讲,动词的分类,一、选词填空,kept,wears,1,How long have you _(kept,borrowed)this novel?,2,Lily _(wears,puts on)a pink dress today.,3,Its nice of you to _(cost,spend)so much time,showing me around your school.,spend,turned off,4,Mike _(turned on,turned off)his computer,and went out to watch TV.,5,The radio _(tells,says)that there will be another,heavy rain in Guangdong.,says,Too bad.It has rained for the whole week.,二、完成句子，每空一词,taste,good,1,这些甜饼尝起来很好。我可以再多吃一些吗？,The cookies _ _.Could I have some more?,2,我,们班现在有五十多个学生。,are,There _ more than 50 students in our class now.,3,我认真听了听，可什么也没听见。,listened,heard,I_ carefully but I,_nothing.,takes,4,每天步行去上学要花我半小时。,go,to,It_ me half an hour to _ _ school on,foot every day.,have,to,5,我的车坏了，所以得坐公共汽车上班。,My car is broken,so I_ _ go to work by bus.,动词可以按照其含义及它们在句中的功能分成四类：连系,动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。,连系动词,连系动词又叫系动词，它不能直接作谓语，后面常跟形容,词,(,作表语,),构成系表结构表达完整的意义。常见的系动词有：,be,become,get,turn,grow,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep,seem,remain,stay,come,fall,go,等。如：,He looked very excited.,他看起来很兴奋。,Roses smell sweet.,玫瑰闻起来很香。,Its getting colder and colder.,天变得越来越冷了。,注意：,系动词没有被动语态，一般不能用于进行时态。,实义动词,实义动词又叫行为动词，它表示事物的动作或状态，在句,中能独立作谓语。它可分为及物动词,(,v,t,.),和不及物动词,(,v,i,.),。及,物动词后面需跟宾语才能使其意义完整，如,like,make,clean,love,等。不及物动词本身意义就完整，不能直接跟宾语；如果,要跟宾语，则要与介词搭配，如,come,go,leave,laugh,listen,run,swim,stand,等。如：,I am,read,ing an interesting book.,我正在看一本有趣的书。,(,及物动词,),He is,run,ning.,他正在跑步。,(,不及物动词,),The boy is,listen,ing to music.,这个男孩正在听音乐。,(,不及物动词),注意：,有些动词既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，,但意义不同。如：,The crops,grow,well in the field.,地里的庄稼长得很好。,(,不及物动词，,“,生长,”,),The old man,grows,vegetables in his garden.,这个老人在花园里种菜。,(,及物动词，,“,种植,”,),常见的既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词的动词有：,beat,close,open,start,drive,play,speak,sing,wake,win,stop,cook,等。,助动词,助动词本身没有任何实际的意义，必须和实义动词连用，,帮助构成疑问句、否定句以及各种时态、语态、语气等。常见,的助动词有：,be(am,is,are,was,were),do(does,did),have(has,had),will,would,shall,should,等。其中,do,have,也可作实义动词。,情态动词,情态动词本身具有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，后面,必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气、态度以及,请求、愿望等。它没有人称和数的变化,(have to,除外,),。常见的,情态动词有：,can,could,may,might,must,should,would,need,等。,1,can,的用,法,(1),表示能力，意为能，会”，否定式为,cant,，过去式为,could,。如：,Can you dance,？,你会跳舞吗,？,Yes,I can./No,I cant.,是的，我会。,/,不，我不会。,I can skate.,I am able to skate.,我会溜冰。,(2),表示请求、许可，此时与,may,同义。如：,Can/May I borrow your umbrella?,我能借你的雨伞用吗？,(3),表示客观可能性或推测，常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：,It cant be Mary.She has gone to the library.,那不可能是玛丽，她已经去了图书馆。,Can it be true,？,这可能是真的吗,？,注意：,(1)can,与,be able,to,的区别：,can,意为,“能，会；可以,；可能,”，只能用于一般现在时和,一般,过去时,(could),，没有人称和数的变化。,be able to,意为“能，,能够”，可用于各种时态，有人称和数的变化。如：,He could swim at the age of four.,He was able to swim at the age of four.,他,在四岁时就会游泳了。,I can speak French.,I am able to speak French.,我,会讲法语。,She will be able to tell you the news soon.,她很快就能告诉你消息。,(,2)could,在下列情况时不表示过去时态：,提出委婉的请求时，,could,比,can,客气、委婉，但在回答,时不可用,could,。如：,Could I have a look at the bracelet?,我可以看一看这个手镯吗？,Yes,you can./No,you cant.,是的，你可以。,/,不，不行。,在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑时，相当于,m,ight,，,表示,“,可能,，也许,”。如：,He couldnt be a bad man.,他不大可能是坏人。,2,may,的用,法,(1),表示请求、许可，意为“可以，允许”，比,can,正式，,常用于肯定句、一般疑问句中。如：,May I take a seat here,？,我可以坐这里吗,？,注意：,以,May,I,开头的一般,疑问句的肯定回答用,“,Yes,you,may.”,或,“,Yes,please.”,或,“,Certainly./OK./Sure.”,等；否定回答用,“,No,you cant.”,或,“,No,you mustnt(,不可以,),”,或,“,Please dont.”,等。,(2),表示可能性较小或把握性不大的推测，意为“可能，也,许”，常用于肯定句，有时也用于否定句。如：,He may help you.,他也许会帮你。,3,must,的用,法,(1),表示“必须，应该”，在陈述句中带有有义务、有必要,的主观意愿或命令、要求的语气，在疑问句中则表示询问对方,的意见。否定式,mustnt,表示“禁止，不准，不允许”。如：,I must study hard.,我必须努力学习。,Must I hand in my composition today?,我今天必须交作文吗？,You mustnt smoke here.,你不准在这儿吸烟。,(2),表示非常肯定的猜测，意为“一定，准是”，只用于肯,定句。如：,The book has Johns name on it.It must be his.,这本书有约翰的名字在上面。它肯定是他的。,(3),以,Must sb.,开 头 的 一 般 疑 问 句 的 肯 定 回 答 用“,Yes,sb.must.”,；否定 回答 用“,No,sb.neednt.”,或“,No,sb.dont/doesnt,have to.”,。如：,Must I finish it today?,今天我必须完成这项工作吗？,No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.,不，你不必,/,你没必要。,注意：,must,与,have to,的区别：,(1),两者都可表示,“,必须,”,。但,have to,表示客观实际的需,要，有人称和,时态变化；,must,表示说话人主观上的看法，即主,观思想意识上的必要，无人称和时态变化。如：,My bike was broken,so I,had to,walk to school yesterday.,昨天我的自行车坏了，所以不得不走路去上学。,(“,自行车,坏了,”,是客,观情况，所以不得不,),He said he,must,work hard.,他说他必须努力学习。,(,主观意识中,“,他认为,”,必须,),(2),在否定结构中，,dont,have to,表示,“,不必,”,，,mustnt,表,示,“,禁,止，不准,”。,4,n,eed,的用,法need,意为“需要”，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。,作情态动词时多用于疑问句和否定句中，否定式为,neednt,，表,示“不必”。作实义动词时，后接,to do,或名词，即：,need/dont,need to do sth.,need sth.,；当主语是物时，用,need doing,表示被,动的含义，相当于,need to be done,。如：,Need I go there,？,我需要去那里吗,？,I,dont need to,buy a new backpack.(,作实义动词,),I,neednt,buy a new backpack.(,作情态动词,),我不必买新书包。The trees need watering.(,主动形式表被动,),The trees need to be watered.,这,些树需要浇水。,5,should,的用,法,should,意为“应该”，表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称。,否定式为,shouldnt,。如：,You shouldnt give it up.You should try your best.,你不应该放弃，你应该竭尽全力。,6,had better,的用法,had better,意为“最好”，否定式为,had better not,，表示劝,告、忠告，后接动词原形。如：,Youd better not play soccer near the road.,你最好不要在公路边踢球。,We had better let him go.,我们最好让他走吧。,短语动词,常见的短语动词的构成方式有以下几种：,1,动词介词。如：,hear of,听说，,think of/about,思考，,talk to/with,和,交,谈，,talk about/of,谈论，,worry about,担心，,speak to,与,通,话，,get to,到达，,arrive in/at,到达，,look at,看一看，,look after,照顾，,look for,寻找，,look like,看起来像，,listen to,听,(,某人或,某物,),hear from,收到,的来信，,wait for,等候，,ask for,要求。,2,动词副词。如：,dress up,打扮，,eat up,吃完，,give up,放弃，,put up,建造，,pick up,捡起，,ring up,打电话，,send up,发射，,take away,拿走，,send away,派遣，,move away,搬走，,take down,拿下，,write down,记下，,put down,放下，,turn up,调大,(,音量等,),turn down,关小，,find out,发现，,sell out,卖完，,try out,试验，,take out,取出，,wear,out,穿破，,try on,试穿，,put on,穿上，,turn on,打开，,turn off,关上，,take off,脱下，,give back,归还，,get back,取回，,look over,检查，,think over,仔细思考。,注意：,这类短语动词在接宾格代词作宾语,时，必,须将其放,在动词和副词之间,。如：,take it away,put them down,turn,it off,try them on,等。,3,动,词副词介词。如：,look forward to,期待，,stay away from,远离。,1,arrive,get to,reach,这,三个词都有“到达”之意。,(1)arrive,和,get,是不及物动词，后面需加介词才能接地点。,其中,arrive at,小地方，,arrive in,大地方，,get to,地点。,(2)reach,是及物动词，后面直接加地点。,即景活用,to,in,at,/,(1)I got _ the village last month.,(2)Well arrive _ Shanghai tomorrow morning.,(3)When did you arrive _ the station?,(4)Please call me when you reach _ Changsha.,2,take,bring,fetch,get,(1)take,指从说话者所在的地方把某人,(,物,)“,带去”,(,单,程,),。,(2)bring,指从别处把某人,(,物,),带来说话者所在的地方,(,单,程,),。,(3)fetch,get,，指从某地到别处把某物拿来,(,双程,),。,即景活用,bring,take,fetch/get,(1)Next time dont forget to _ me a copy of your,work.,(2)He likes these art works in this town very much,so he,wants to _ them to his country when he leaves.,(3)Please _ me the documents in that room.,3,join,join in,attend,take part in,(1)join,指参加某党派、某组织或某社会团体并成为其中的,一员，如参军、入党、入团等。,(2)join in,指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，多用于,口语中。,(3)attend,是正式用语，指出席或参加会议、仪式，如婚礼、,葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，强调的是“出席”这一动作本,身。,(4)take part in,指参加群众性的活动重在说明主语参加这,一活动并在活动中发挥积极作用。,take part in,joined,joined in,attend,即景活用,(1)Every excellent player wants to _ the,Olympics and win.,(2)His brother _ the army three years ago.,(3)The whole class _ to sing the song soon.,(4)I will _ an important meeting tomorrow.,4,tell,say,speak,talk,(1)tell,意为“告诉；讲述”，表示告诉某人某事，着重指,把一件事情传达给别人，或讲述一个事件、一个故事等，可接,双宾语。,(2)say,意为“说；诉说”，指用言语表达自己的思想，后,接说的内容，常作及物动词，后接名词、代词或从句。,(3)speak,意为“说；说话”，用作不及物动 词时强调,“说”这一动作，而不是指说的内容；作及物动词时通常接某,种语言作宾语。,(4)talk,是不及物动词，意为“谈话”，指两人或两人以上,的一般交谈，常与介词,to,with,连用，意为,“与,交,谈”；与,about,of,连用时意为“谈论”。,即景活用,speak,to,say,in,(1),请找李雷听电话，好吗？,told,not,to,lie,May I _ _ Li Lei,please?,(2),你能用英语说这个单词吗？,Can you _ the word _ English?,(3),妈妈告诉我不要躺在床上看书。,Mum _ me _ _ _ in bed to,read.,talking,with/to,(4),李先生正与布朗太太在交谈。,Mr.Li is _ _ Mrs.Brown.,5,pay,spend,cost,take,(1)pay,意为“付款；赔偿”，主语通常是人，常用结构为：,sb.pay some money for sth.,或,pay sb.(some money for sth.),。,(2)spend,的 主 语 通 常 是 人，常 用 结 构 为：,(sb.)spend,money/time on sth.,或,(sb.)spend money/time(in)doing sth.,。,(3)cost,的主语必须是物，常用结构为：,sth.cost(sb.)some,money,。,(4)take,表示“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主,语,it,或物，常用结构为：,It/sth.takes sb.some time to do sth.,。,spent,pay,took,cost,即景活用,(1)They _ two years building the bridge.,2)How much money did you _ for the jacket?,(3)It _ him three hours to finish his homework.,(4)The car _ me lots of money.,6,borrow,lend,keep,(1)borrow,表示从别人那里借来东西，即“借进来”。常,用的搭配是,borrow sth.from sb.,。,borrow,是一个瞬间完成的动作，,因此不能与一段时间连用。,(2)lend,表示把自己的东西借给别人，即“借出去”。常,用的搭配是,lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb.,。,lend,与,borrow,一样，也,是一个瞬间完成的动作，不能与一段时间连用。,(3)keep,也可意为“借”，但侧重指借来后的保存或使用,阶段，表示借用一段时间，因此可以与一段时间连用。,borrow,from,lending,me,lending,to,即景活用,(1),我们经常从学校图书馆借书。,We often _ books _ our school library.,(2),谢谢你把自行车借给我。,Thank you for _ _ your bike.,Thank you,for _ your bike _ me.,(3),这本书我才借了一星期。,have,kept,I _ _ this book for only one week.,7,dress,wear,put on,be in,(1)dress,意为“给,穿衣”，只用于穿衣服，不用于,穿鞋、戴帽子等，宾语为人。,(2)wear,表示“穿、戴”衣物、鞋、帽、饰物等，强调,“穿着”的状态。,(3)put on,意为“把,穿上”，强调“穿”的动作。,(4)be in,表示“穿着，戴着”，后接颜色或衣物，强调,状态。,dress,in,wearing,put on,即景活用,(1)Please _ the children right now.,(2)John is _ white today.,(3)The girl is _ a pair of glasses.,(4)Its cold.Youd better _ your coat.,8,happen,与,take plac,e,两者均可意为“发生”，都是不及物动词，不能用于进行,时态和被动语态。,(1)happen,常指具体事件的发生，特别是那些偶然的或未,能预见的“发生”，此时主语为“事”；还可表示“碰巧；恰,好”之意，此时主语为“人”。,(2)take place,通常指“,(,某事,),按计划进行或发生”，还可,表示“举行某种活动”。,happens,taking place,happened,即景活用,(1)He _ to know the place.,(2)Great changes are _ in the city.,(3)Has anything _ to him?,(4)The meeting will _ next Friday.,take place,9,look,see,watch,read,(1)look,强调“看”的动作，是不及物动词，后接宾语,时要加介词,at,。,(2)see,强调“看”的结果，意为“看见”，是及物动词，,可用于短语,see sb.do/doing sth.(,看见某人做过,/,正在做某事,),。,(3)watch,意为“观看，注视”，强调过程，常用于看电,视、球赛等。,(4)read意为“读，阅读”，指看书、看报等。,saw,look,watching,reading,即景活用,(1)I _ a bird in the tree just now.,(2)The teacher told us to _ at the blackboard.,(3)All the students are _the football match,carefully.,(4)Li Lei is _ the letter from his parents.,(,)1.(2013,年广东,)I love t,his song by Lady Gaga.Would,you _ the TV a bit,please?I cant hear it clearly.,A,turn on,C,turn up,B,turn off,D,turn down,C,题意：我很喜欢,Lady Gaga,唱的这首歌。你能把电视,声音调大一点吗？我听不清楚。,turn on,打开；,turn off,关掉；,turn,up,调大音量；,turn down,调小音量。故选,C,。,(,)2.(2014,年广东,)_,_ I swim here?,Im sorry.Children _ swim alone here.,A,Must;cant,C,Can;mustnt,B,May;must,D,Cant;can,C,题意：“我能在这里游泳吗？”“对不起，小孩子,不准独自在这儿游泳。”,can,能够；,may,能够，可以；,must,必,须；,cant,不能；,mustnt,禁止。故选,C,。,(,)3.(2013,年广东广州,)Although,you may meet some,difficulties,you should never _.,A.turn up,B.get up,C.give,up,D.grow,up,C,题意：虽然你会遇到一些困难，但你应永不放弃。,turn,up,调大音量；,get up,起床；,give up,放弃；,grow up,长大。故选,C,。,(,)4.(2014,年广东广州,)You _,_ be hungry after the,long walk.Help yourself to some cakes.,A.cant,C.need,B.shouldnt,D.must,D,题意：走了很长的路之后，你肯定饿了。吃些蛋糕吧。,cant,不能，不可能；,shouldnt,不应该；,need,需要；,must,必须，,一定。故选,D,。,(,)5.(2013,年广东佛山,)You _,_ come late,tomorrow.The plane waits for nobody.,A,cant,B,neednt,C,must,A,题意：明天你不能迟到。飞机不会等人。,cant,不能；,neednt,不必；,must,必须。故选,A,。,(,)6.(,2013,年广东梅,州,)Her son,_ Coke,but now,he _ milk.,A.used to drink;is used to drinking,B.used,to drinking;drinks,C.is used to drinking;used to drink,D.is,used to drink;is drinking,A,题意：她的儿子过去常常喝可乐，但现在习惯了喝牛,奶。,used to do sth.,过去常常做某事；,be used to doing sth习惯于,做某事。,(,)7.(,2014,年广东梅,州,)He _,_ his classmates.,A.get,along well with,C.is getting along well with,B.get,well with,D.is,get well with,C get along well with,与,相处得好，且主语是第三人称,单数，故选,C,。,(,)8.(2013,年广东梅州,)Every ye,ar I _ the garden,competition too,and I always win a little prize for the worst garden,in the town!,A.enter,C.entered,for,B.entered,D.enter,for,D enter,参加,(,侧重于参加考试,),，,enter for,参加,(,侧重于参加,竞赛、活动,),，且是描述一般状态，故选,D,。,(,)9.(2014,年广东梅州,)Captain,Alison will _ at,eight oclock,so we shall have plenty of time.,A,beginning,C,be set out,B,set out,D,be begun,B,题意：,Alison,船长将在,8,点钟出发，因此我们应该有充,足的时间,。,begin,开始，,set out,出发，故选,B,。,(,)10.(2013,年广东梅州,)I enjoy p,laying computer games,but I cant _ too much time _ that.,A,take;doing,B,spend;doing,C,spend;for doing,D,take;to do,B,表示“花多少时间做某事”可用“,sb.spend,时间,(in)doing sth.”,或“,sth./it takes sb.,时间,to do sth.”,。,(,)11.(2014,年广东茂名,)As classm,ates,we _show our love to her.,A,should,B,has to,C,have,A,题意：作为同班同学，我们应该对她表示关心。,should,表示“应该”，,have to,表示客观上“不得不”。,(,)12.(2012,年广东,湛江,)Is Jane,playing the violin in,that room?,It _ be her.She has gone to Chicago.,A,can,C,shouldnt,B,must,D,cant,D,题意：“在那个房间拉小提琴的是,Jane,吗？”“不可,能是她。她已经去了芝加哥。”根据题意可知表示否定的推测。,cant be,不可能是，用于有把握的否定推测。,(,)13.(,2012,年广东深圳,)Its sai,d a pianist will perform,at Poly Theater on Friday evening.Is it Lang Lang?,Yes,it _ him.He _ for a week.,A,must be;has arrived here,B,maybe;has been here,C,must be;has been here,D,maybe;has arrived here,C,表示“在某地待了一段时间”用,has been in,，且根据,“已在这儿待了一周”可知是表示比较有把握的肯定推测，故,用,must be,。,(,)14.(,2012,年广东河源,)_,，,Tom!Its time to get,up and go to school.,A.Wake up,C.Grow,up,B.Make,up,D.Look,up,A,题意：醒醒，,Tom,！是时间起床去上学了！,wake up,醒,来；,make up,编造；,grow up,长大；,look up,查找。故选,A,。,(,)15.(2011,年广东,)This silk,dress _ so,smooth.Its made in China.,A.feels,B.smells,C.soundsD.Tastes,A,题意：这条丝绸做的连衣裙摸起来非常光滑。它产自,中国。,feel,感觉，摸起来；,smell,闻起来；,sound,听起来；,taste,尝起来。根据题意可知选,A,。,(,)16.(2013,年广东,)Smoking i,s bad for your health.Youd,better _.,A.set it up,C.pick,it up,B.give,it up,D.look,it up,B,题意：吸烟对你的健康有害。你最好戒掉它。,give up,放弃。,(,)17.(2011,年广东广州,)May I hav,e a rest?I have already,finished _ the report.,A.write,C.to,write,B.writing,D.Written,B finish doing sth.,完成做某事。,(,)18.(2014,年广东广州,)Excuse m,e,can I smoke here?,No,_.,A.you must,B.youd,not better,C.you,can,D.youd,better not,D,根据答语中的“,No”,可知回答的这个人“不允许”在此,吸烟，故用否定式；,had better,的否定式是在后面直接加,not,。,(,)19.(2011,年广东深圳,)Must I r,eturn the book this,week?,No,you _.You can _ it for 20 days.,A.mustnt;keep,B.neednt,;borrow,C.neednt,;keep,D.mustnt,;borrow,C must,引导的一般疑问句的否定回答用,neednt,；由,for 20,days,可知谓语动词要用延续性动词，故用,keep,。,(,)20.(2011,年广东茂名,)The old p,arents _ a great,deal of their savings on their sons new house.,A,cost,B,spent,C,paid,B,三个词都表示“花费”，但只有,spend,可用于搭配：,sb.spend some time/money on sth.,，故选,B,。,(,)21.(2011,年广东茂名,)May I d,o the homework,tomorrow?,No,you _.You should hand it in before class,tomorrow.,A,mustnt,B,neednt,C,couldnt,A,以,May I,开头的一 般疑问句的否定回 答用“,No,you,cant.”,或“,No,you mustnt.”,或“,Please dont.”,。,(,)22.(,2011,年广东肇庆,)What is,the name of the song,you sing just now?It _ beautiful.,It is,You and Me,.,A.heard,B,listened,C,sounded,C,三个选项中只有,sound,可作系动词，后接形容词构成,系表结构。,sound,听起来。,(,)23.(,2013,年广东,清远,)If you me,et some new words,you can _ in a dictionary.,A,look it up,C,look them up,B,look up it,D,look up them,C题意：当你遇到新单词时，可以查字典。,words,为复数，,故用,them,指代；动副词短语接代词作宾语时，宾语应放在动词,和副词的中间。故选,C,。,(,)24.(,2011,年广东,清,远,)I want to,watch the basketball,match.Would you please _ the TV?,A,turn on,C,turn down,B,turn off,D,turn up,A,题意：我想看篮球比赛，你能打开电视吗？,turn on,打,开,(,电器等,),。,(,)25.(,2011,年广东,梅州,)He _,_ all his money,_ to charity after he died.,A,gave;up,C,gave;away,B,gave;in,D,gave;out,C,give up,放弃；,give in,屈服；,give away,赠送；,give out,分发。根据题意可知选,C,。,(,)26.(,2011,年广东,河源,)_,I watch TV now,Mom?,No.Its too late,and you _ go to bed.,A,May;have to,C,Can;will,B,Will;should,D,Must;need,A,题意：“妈妈，我现在可以看电视吗？”“不行，太,晚了。你得睡觉了。”,may,可以；,have to,不得不，应该。,(,)27.(,2011,年广东,佛山,)You _,_ worry about,me.Im fine.,A,cant,B,mustnt,C,neednt,C,题意：你不用担心我，我很好。,neednt,不需要。,(,)28.(2014,年广东,)Zhang Li,angyings new CD will,_ next month.,A.come along,B,come up,C,come over,D,come out,D,题意：张靓颖的新专辑将在下个月发行。,come along,出,现，一起来；,come up,发生，走近，上升；,come ove