人教版初中英语语法定语从句(PPT文档).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,The Attributive Clause,(定语从句),一个,美丽的,女孩,a beautiful girl,beautiful,（形容词作前置定语）,一个,穿白色衣服的,女孩,a girl in white,in white,（介词短语作后置定语）,一个,正唱歌的,女孩,a girl is singing,who,is singing,（定语从句，,a girl,为先行词）,定语,是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，,对名（代）词修饰和限制,。名（代）词称为,中心词,。,形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成,“,的,”,。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。,Li Ming is a boy,.,Li Ming is a good boy .,Li Ming is a good boy,.,形容词作定语,介词短语作定语,在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做,定语从句,。,good,with glasses,who is wearing glasses,句子作定语,先行词,引导词,(,关系词）,从句,Mary is a girl,who,has long hair,.,（被修饰的名词或代词）,（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）,修饰先行词的句子,定语从句分析 结构：先行词,+,引导词,+,从句,This is the card that Ive just received,先行词,引导词,从句,关系,代词,关系,副词,who,that,which,whom,whose,Where,when,why,定语从句,：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先 行 词,：,被定语从句修饰的词,引 导 词,：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词,关系副词,引导词的作用,:,(1),引导定语从句,(2),在从句中作一成份,(3),代替先行词在从句中的位置,做题一般步骤,1.,确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组,2.,将先行词带入定语从句还原从句为完整句子,3.,根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词,步骤二,步骤三,In which=,where,步骤一,先行词,house,，带入句子,I live in the house(RIGHT),This is the house_ I live.,关系代词,关系副词,先行词,句中作用,省否,who,人,主语,/,宾语,关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略,whom,人,宾语,which,物,主语宾语,that,人物,主语宾语,whose,人物,定语,When,时间,状语,where,地点,状语,why,reason,状语,关系代词,who,whom,的用法,who,和,whom,均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中,who,在定语从句中用作主语，,whom,在定语从句中用作宾语。,如,：,I met a girl who knew your sister.,我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。,In Berlin,he first met the woman whom he would one day marry.,在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。,但是，用作宾语的,whom,如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用,who,that,代之。如：,The person to whom I complained is the manager.,我向他投诉的那个人是经理The person(who,whom,that)I complained to is the manager.,我向他投诉的那个人是经理。,关系代词的作用,关系代词,whose,的用法,关系代词,whose,既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：,She is the woman whose car was stolen.,她就是汽车被盗的,This is the house whose windows were broken.,这就是窗户被打破了的房子。,Mrs.Gray,whose children are in college,is trying to get a job.,格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。,His house,whose windows were all broken,was a depressing sight.,他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。,关系代词,WHICH,的用法,which,：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：,（,1,）,She was not on the train which arrived just now.,她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。,（,2,）,He never got back the money which he had lent him他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。,which,在引导定语从句，作宾语是可以省略：,Is this the book,（,which,）,you are looking for,？,(look for,寻找,),这是你要找的书吗？,关系代词,THAT,用法,一、指人的用法,that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。,如：,A driver that has knocked someone down must stop.,撞人的司机必须停车。,He is the man that you have been looking for.,他就是你要找的那个人。,He is not that man that he was.,他已不是过去的他了。,二、指物的用法,that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,。如：,This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon.,这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。,She was annoyed by something that I had said.,她为我说的某句话而不高兴。,Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be.,深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。,the handsome,the tall,the strong,the clever,the naughty,boy,The,boy,is Tom.,The,boy,who,is handsome,is Tom.,The,boy,who,is tall,is Tom.,The,boy,who,is strong,is Tom,The,boy,who,is clever,is Tom,The,boy,who,is naughty,is Tom.,The boy is Tom.,The boy is smiling,.,The boy is Tom.,The boy has a round face,.,The boy,who,is smiling,is Tom.,(,主语,),The boy,who,has a round face,is Tom.,The boy is Tom.,He sits in front of me,.,The man,who,sits in front of me,is Tom.,The woman got the job.,The woman can speak Russian,.,The woman,who,can speak Russian,got the job.,The teacher will give us a talk.,The teacher is famous,.,The teacher,who,is famous,will,give us a talk.,The man is kind.,Everyone likes him,.,The man,(,whom),everyone likes,is kind.,(,宾语,),The woman got the job.,We saw her on the street,.,The woman,(,whom),we saw on the street,got the job.,The teacher will give us a talk.,We met the teacher yesterday,.,The teacher,(,whom)we met yesterday,will,give us a talk.,Ex:,He is the teacher.,The teacher can speak,French,.,He is the teacher,who,can speak French.,Do you know the man?,He came to visit you today,.,Do you know the man,who,came to,visit you today?,The lady stepped on his foot.,He was dancing with the lady.,The ladywhom),he was dancing with,stepped on his foot.,Do you know the man?,You will visit him today,.,Do you know the man,whom,you will,visit today?,apple,the red,the green,the small,the big,The apple,which,is red,is mine.,The apple,which,is green,is yours.,The apple,which,is red,is small,The apple,whichis green,is big.,Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat.,The goat is eating her flowers.,Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat,which,is eating her flowers.,Can you lend me the book?,You talked about it last night,.,Can you lend me the book,(which),you,talked about last night.,A plane is a machine.It can fly.,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,He is the man.I told you about him.,He is the man,(that),I told you about.,关系词,注意,:,从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致,that,指人或物,which,指物,who,指人,1,、当先行词是,anything,everything,nothing(something,除外,),few,all,none,little,some,等代词时，或者是由,every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,，,each,等修饰时,1)Have you taken down everything(that)Mr.Li has said?,(2)There seems to be nothing(that)seems impossible for him in the world.,(3)All that can be done has been done.,(4)There is little(that)I can do for you.,注意,1,：部分时候,that,可以省略，如部分例句将,that,用括号括,住,。,注意,2,：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用,who,(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.,that,和,which,在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,that,而不用,which,。,2,、当先行词被序数词修饰,The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.,3,、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,This is the best film that I have seen.,4,、当形容词被,the very,the only,，,the same,the last,any,little,等修饰时,(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2)After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.,当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用,who,(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting,？,5,、当先行词前面有,who,which,等疑问代词时,(1)Who is the man that is standing there?,(2)Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?,6,、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时,Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?,7.,当关系代词在定语从句中做表语,The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.,8.,当在,there be,句型中，通常情况下用,that,，不用,which,who,that,（先行词为人）区别,1.,用,who,不用,that,的情况：,(1),当先行词为,one,ones,anyone,those,时。,(2),当先行词为人称代词时。,He who,does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,Those who,have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise,2.,只能用,which,的情况,:,1.,介词前置时关系代词只能用,which(,先行词为物,),2.,引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用,which,(1),She failed the exam,which,made her parents vary angry.,(2)My glasses,without which,I was like a blind man,fell to the,ground and broke.,Read the text again and find the Attributive Clauses:,My necklace is not the only thing,thats missing.,2.This is the cage,that,Polly lives in.,3.We are looking for a thief,who,likes stealing parrots and necklace.,6.Ill shoot anyone,who,moves!,4.When was the last time,(that),you saw the parrot?,5,.,It was about some thieves,who,robbed a train,7.Ill shoot anyone,who,moves,anyone who,moves,!,8.,Is that the parrot,which,you are looking for,?,9.,And is this the necklace,that,was stolen,?,10,.,Polly was the thief,who,stole Mums necklace,!,1.This is all_I know about the matter.,A.that B.what C.who D.whether,2Is there anything else_you require?,A.which B.that C.who D.what,3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.,A.which B.that C.where D.it,4.He talked happily about the men and books_,interested him greatly in the school.,A.which B.that C.it D.whom,5.There is no dictionary_you can find everything.,A.that B.which C.where D.in that,6.This is one of the best books_.,A.that have ever been writtenC.that has written,B.that has ever been written D.that have written,A,B,B,B,C,A,7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ _,he saw on the way to the Paris.,A.what B.that C.which D.where,8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn?,A.that B./C.which D.it,9.Is there anything_to you?,A.that is belonged B.that belongs,C.which belongs D.that belong,10.The scientist and his achievements_you told,me about are admired by us all.,A.which B.that C.who D.whose,11.Which of the books_were borrowed from,him is the best?,A.which B.what C.that D.whose,B,A,B,B,C,12.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.,13.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in,front of our school gate.,14.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.,15.This is the second novel _I have ever read.,16.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.,17.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?,18.My hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,whose,在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与,whose,后的名词为所属关系。,whose,多指人，也可指物，指物时可与,of which,互换使用。,This is the book,whose,cover is blue.,This is the book,of which,the cover is blue,This is the book,the cover of which,is blue,Do you know the girl?,Her,hair is very short in our class,Do you know the girl,whose,hair,is,the hair of whomvery short in our class?,He is the student.,I broke,his,pencil yesterday,He is the student,whose,pencil,the pencil of whom,I broke yesterday.,Mr King was quickly taken to hospital.Her legs were badly hurt.,Mr King,whose,legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.,We shall make a decision about Ms King.I have told you her story.,We shall make a decision about Ms King,whose,story I have told you.,.,The chair is being repaired now.,The legs,of the chair,are broken.,The chair,whose legs are broken,the legs of which are broken,of which the legs are broken,is being repaired now,.,The boss of the company told the story about.His name was Mr Little.,The boss of the company,whose,name,was Mr Little,told the story about Ms King,This teacher is liked by all the students.,I work with,her,son.,This teacher,with whose son I work,is liked by all the students,The boss had heard about the accident.,Mr King worked in his department.,The boss in,whose,department Mr King,worked had heard about the accident.,1 The river _are covered with trees is very long.,A which banks B of which banks,C whose the banks D the banks of which,2 she likes to use words _is clear to him.,A of which the meaning B of which meaning,C whose of meaning D meaning of which,3 The manager_company they worked agreed _their decision.,A which,with B in which,to C whose,with D in whose,with,4 Look!The dictionary,_is red,is a birthday gift given by my parents.A which cover B the cover of which,C the whose cover D that the cover,5 Mr.Brown,_,works as the manager of the company.,A we got here in his car B we got here by car,C in whose car we got here D by whose car we got here,D,A,D,B,C,6 Will you please show me the girl _name is Linda?,A who B whom C whose D which,7 It was a meeting,_importance I did not realize at the time.,A which B of which C its D whose,8 Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south?A whose B which C which of D its,9 what about the watch,price is 100 yuan,？,A that B its C which D whose,10 We telephoned the man,home we lived in 1996.,A whose B in whose C of which D his,11 Mark Twins,for _life had once been very hard,wrote many famous novels.,A whose B who C whom D his,12 There is a mountain _is always covered with snow.,A whose the top B of which top C its top D of which the top,C,D,A,D,B,C,D,As,也可以用来引导定语从句,.,当先行词与,as,so,such,the same,连用或先行词本身是,such,the same,时,关系代词用,as.As,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,1.He is not,such,a man,as,only thinks of himself.,2.I should like to use,the same,pen,as,I used yesterday.,3,.Such,problems,as,are often mentioned should be solved.,4.I will read,as,many books,as,are required.,5.Here is,so,big a stone,as,no one can lift.,关系副词,关系副词：在句中作状语,关系副词,=,介词,关系代词,why=for which,where=in/at/on/.which(,介词同先行词搭配,),when=during/on/in/.which(,介词同先行词搭配,),when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用,(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.,(2)The time when we got together finally came.,where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语,(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.,(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.,why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语,(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.,(2)I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.,注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换,(1)The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.,介词,+,关系代词引导的定语从句,指代对象,先行词,关系副词及相应结构,时间,dayyeardatetime,whenduring which time,地点,the placethe city,地点,wherein whichfrom,which,原因,the reason,whythatfor which,when,在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词,+,关系代词（,which,）”。,Ill never forget the day,when,I joined the league,on which,where,在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词,+,关系代词（,which,）”。,This is the house,where,I lived two years ago.,in which,why,在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词,for+,关系代词（,which,）”。,Do you know the reason,why,she was late.,It rained heavily,for which,he was late for,the class.,1,.This is the town _ I was born.,This is the town _ I visited last week.,2.I will never forget the day _ I came to school.,I will never forget the day _ I spent with you.,3.This is the reason _ he was late.,This is the reason _ he told me.,The reason _he explained is not true.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,“,介词关系代词,(,whom/which)”,引导定语从句应注意：,1,介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素,A.,与先行词的搭配关系,1,）,I will never forget the day _ I,joined the army.,2)I will never forget the days _ I,worked in the school.,3)I will never forget the year _ my son,went to college.,4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday,_,most people had had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,B,.,与谓语动词的搭配习惯,1）,Have you found the book _ I paid 29 US dollars?,2)Have you found the book _ I spent 29 US dollars?,3)Have you found the book _ we,learnt a lot?,4)Have you found the book _ she,often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,The boy is in the lab.,You want to talk to him,The boy,(,whom/that),you want to talk to,is in the lab.,The boy,to whom,you want to talk,is in the lab.,This is the boy.,I sit behind him,.,This is the boy,(,whom/that),I sit behind.,This is the boy,behind whom,I sit.,Do you find the pen?,I wrote with it just now,Do you find the pen,(which/that),I wrote with just now?,Do you find the pen,with which,I wrote,just now?,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构,：,1.,介词,+whomwhich,The woman general still remember the day,on which,she joined the army,2.,介词 短语,+whichwhom,The fisherman lived in a small house,in front of which,lies a well.,3.,不定代词 或数词,+whichwhom,There are many books here,none of which,belongs to me.,China has a lot of famous writers,one of whom,is Luxun.,4.,名词,+of which,She mentioned a magazine,the title of which,I have forgotten,.,part of whom/which,There are 23 students in our class,A:_(,他们都）,love mothers deeply.B:_,（大多数）are from countryside.C:_,（有些）,are from Xiabancheng D:_,（没有一个）,are from Beijing,all of whom,most of whom,some of whom,none of whom,There are 23 students in our class.,(,and),A:_(,他们都）,love mothers deeply.B:_,（大多数）,are from countryside.C:_,（有些）,are from Xiabancheng D:_,（没有一个）,are from Beijing,all of them,most of them,some of them,none of them,Every student has many books,A:_,（大多数）,are textbooks.,B:_,（一些）,are extra curricular books.,C:_,（其余的）,are reference books.,D:_,（没有一本）,are novels.,E:_,（有几本）,are English books.,most of which,some of which,the rest of which,none of which,several of which,1.Do