高考二轮三轮总复习 第7模块-书面表达专题课件(湖南专用) 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第七模块书面表达,考纲解读,第七模块,考纲解读,从历年高考试卷看，书面表达是指导,(,限制,),性写作：即按照题目,(,或一段文字或几幅图画,),所给的条件、内容、要求、时间、地点、在限制的词数内,(,不少于,120,词,),，去完成写作。它不同于其他命题作文，可随意发挥，也不是简单翻译，而必须做到行文切题，紧扣中心思想，不漏要点，符合语法，并且意思连贯，文理通顺，语言准确得当。,命题分析,第七模块,命题分析,高考书面表达考查学生综合运用英语的能力，是高考必考内容且有加大测试力度的趋势。研究近年高考书面表达，分析如下：,1,选材贴近考生实际生活。所写内容皆为学生所熟悉的，让学生有话可说，利于学生表达。,2,文体类型丰富。近年高考书面表达主要考查记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文四种文体。尤其是分省命题以来打破了应用文一统天下的局面，加重了对议论文和说明文的考查。,3,命题形式多样，但相对稳定。题型主要为提供中文或英文提示的控制性作文。如：看图作文，图表作文,(,表格作文,),，以及提纲作文。,第七模块,命题分析,高考英语写作题的考查要点：,1,准确运用语法、词汇、拼写、标点。,2,使用某些句型、短语，清楚地表达自己的意思。,3,写出易懂的短文。,写作题的评分原则：,从四个角度，按,56,个档次给分，先选定档次，然后再作微调。词数是一个方面，不在这个范围内要扣分。评分时主要从以下几个方面考虑：,1,内容要点,(content points),。,2,运用词汇和语法结构的数量,看潜能有多大。,3,词汇的准确使用与句子的结构把握,(accuracy of vocabulary and structures),4,上下文的连贯性,(coherence),。,应试点睛,第七模块,应试点睛,一、解题步骤,1,认真审题，理解题意,首先要看准文章的写作体裁，然后，才能定时态、定人称、定格式,(,因为不同文体的格式不同,),，最后再考虑语言、语气的运用。记叙文，说明文，议论文等多用书面语；而应用文如书信，口头通知，便条等多用口语。记叙文、日记等一般可用过去时，而说明文、通知等一般要用一般现在时或将来时。如果是看图作文，看懂每幅图之间的联系至关重要。根据每幅图写出一至两句话的要点。每年高考书面表达一般控制在,10,句话，,120150,个词左右。,第七模块,应试点睛,2,连句成文,每句话写好后，用适当的连词连接起来，使之上下连贯，呼应，通顺，简洁。,查错漏。完稿后，检查一下有没有时态、语态或拼写错误并逐一改正。,3,书写规范，卷面干净,任何一种形式的书面文字材料，都要求书写规范，拼写准确无误，字迹清晰，按书写规则大小写及移行正确。卷面一定要讲究干净,(,不要用铅笔答题，要用圆珠笔、钢笔),。,不同的书面表达形式有不同的格式，如书信、日记、通知等各有其特殊形式，都要按要求书写规范。书写时除了注意移行规则外，还应注意字母写得圆润饱满，有,15%,左右的倾斜度，每行写,10,个单词左右，词与词距离要小、行与行距离稍大，写,10,行左右，这样既符合要求，也显得短小精悍。,第七模块,应试点睛,同时，还要把文章的开头和结尾写好，要用最流行、最令人回味的语言和语句去写，这样更会得到评卷老师的好感，从而得到满意而理想的分数。,总之，书面表达必须在所提示的范围内，根据不同文体的特点和要求来解题，努力做到：要点全，句子通，条理清。指代明确，时态呼应，格式标准，书写工整，卷面干净。当然“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”。因此，要写好书面表达，除了掌握一定的写作方法及技巧，还要特别注意平时知识的积累。因此，平时要多读，多写，多记一些句型并掌握词汇的用法，多背一些优美的句子及范文。只有具备了一定的语言基础知识和语言组织能力，积累大量的语言材料，再加上平时的强化训练，同学们的写作水平才会提高，从而在高考中写出好文章来。,第七模块,应试点睛,二、遣词的原则,使用高级词汇，如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇，而且一味地重复低水平的知识点，还远远没有达到大学的入学要求。这就要求考生在平时的训练和考试当中，有意识地强化“复杂、高级”这两个概念，使自己的作文能力区别于普通学生，使自己站在一个比别人高的位置上，充分显示自己的实力。,三、造句的原则,句式多变，语法活用。句子是表达一个完整意思的最小单位，所以造句能力在英文写作中是非常重要的。好的英语句子能够生动、形象、准确地表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的书面表达，必须从写好句子开始。,第七模块,应试点睛,四、段落组织的原则,段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思：或描写事物,(describe something),，或争论某事,(argue about something),，或对某事提出疑问,(question something),，或要求什么,(demand something),，或给事物下定义,(define something),，或驳斥某观点,(reject something),。,第七模块,应试点睛,五、谋篇的原则,高分作文都有个共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文章的连贯性和紧凑感是很重要的。句子作为最小的表达意思的语言单位，如果只是被随意地整合，是无法达到有效表达的目的的。常见的句子之间的连接方法有：使用代词指代上一句中的名词、重复使用上一句中的词、使用连接词、使用平行结构。,第七模块,应试点睛,第七模块,应试点睛,第七模块,应试点睛,还可以运用分词短语、复合句等。要特别注意谓语用什么基本时态以及前后的时态呼应，注意句子之间的有机联系，段落之间的自然过渡。这样既能显示出你的水平，又能使文章层次清晰，文理通顺、结构严密紧凑，衔接自然。这样只要要点全，准确无误，语句通顺流畅那就是高水平、高档次的作文。,六、十句作文揭秘,十句作文法是有关专家总结出来的一种高分作文方法，考生在经过短期训练之后便可较大幅度地提高写作水平。其基本模式为：,1,第一段为开头，包括两句。第一句为主题句，点明全文主题；第二句为扩展句，进一步说明和支持主题句。两者关系也可倒过来，由第一句说明情况，第二句点明主题。,第七模块,应试点睛,2,第二段为正文，共七句。第三句为主题句，提出本段的主题，它应与第一段的主题相关或一致。第四至九句为扩展句，说明和支持本段的主题。句与句之间要注意好过渡，以使段落逻辑合理，结构得当。,3,第三段为结尾，简化为一句。也是全文的总结句，它将前面的内容总结为一个结果，表明自己的观点。,注意：要提高语言表达的档次，在句式运用上就不能一味地使用简单句和陈述句，而应该根据实际情况灵活运用所学的各种句式。丰富的句式有助于考生在高考中出类拔萃，赢得高分。,专题一,文字提示型书面表达,专题一文字提示型书面表达,专题导读,专题一,专题导读,1,认真阅读提示，彻底理顺思路,要认真阅读提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，如情景、内容和要求。还需要考虑用哪种体裁，是记叙文、说明文、还是应用文；属于应用文中的书信、日记、通知、启事，还是便条。用哪一种人称来表述，选择什么时态。这样就会思路清楚，写出来的短文才能条理清晰。,2,一定要紧扣要点，合理遣词造句,根据试题内容，列出要表达的要点，找出能体现要点的词、短语和句型，如果是应用文体，还应特别注意各种应用文的格式。造句时应做到尽量使用考纲中要求的词汇，句子宜短不宜长，句型宜简不宜繁，也要适当插入一些宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等复合句，以增强短文的逻辑性。,专题三,专题导读,尽可能学会套用现成的句式，拓宽遣词造句的思路，学会一句多译，力求做到用自己熟练掌握的句式组织语言。,3,精心谋篇润色，仔细核对检查,写好之后，还应注意句与句之间、段与段之间的过渡，在需要的地方加上表示转折、因果、并列、比较、时间的过渡词或短语，如表示时间的词或短语有：,nextthen,later,at last,；表示转折的词有：,but,yet,however,；表示因果的词有：,so,since,because,等，使文章更加自然、流畅。必要时分段也会使文章增色不少。检查也是不可缺少的重要环节，可以及时纠正错误，避免不必要的失分。具体做法是：通读几遍，看行文是否通顺，要点是否齐全，词数是否符合要求，体裁是否恰当，大小写、标点符号是否正确。,真题典例,专题一,真题典例,2011,陕西卷,假定你是中学生李华。在一位名叫,TigerMom,的学生家长的博客上，你看到如下内容。请你根据博客内容、写作要点和要求，给这位家长回复。,Im the mother of a,fourteenyearold.I,have a rule for my daughter,：,be among the top 5 students or get punished in one way or,another.She,has been doing very well in school,，,but some friends of mine keep telling me that I put too much pressure on,her.Am,I wrong?,专题一,真题典例,写作要点：,1,表明自己的看法；,2,陈述自己的理由,(,可举例说明,),；,3,提出至少两条建议。,要求：,1,短文须写在答题卡的指定区域。,2,短文词数不少于,100(,不含已写好的部分,),。,3,内容充实，结构完整，语意连贯。,4,书写须清晰、工整。,Hi,，,TigerMom,，,What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in,China.My,idea is_,_,专题一,真题典例,One possible version,：,Hi,，,TigerMom,，,What_puzzles_you_is_actually_a_puzzle_for_many_parents_in_China.My_idea_is,that it is not quite right for you to do so.,Although high grades are an important factor in evaluating students and for their future university admission,，,development in wisdom,，,emotion,，,health,，,and life attitude should never be,ignored.There,are many examples around,us.Some,allA,students in school have turned out not to be as successful in society as they were,expected.The,reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them,专题一,真题典例,almost no time for other,activities.Furthermore,，,punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.,So I suggest that you take your friends,advice.More,importantly,，,let her live like a lovely girl,；,let her have more friends and social activities,；,and let her make mistakes of her own as the teenagers often do.,新题预测,专题一,新题预测,(,一,),你的朋友张华迷上了网络游戏，向你求助。正好你所在的学校社团下周六将组织一次以“如何正确使用网络”为主题的活动，请给张华发封邮件。,要求：,1,描述活动的目的、形式以及过程；,2,谈谈你对他的建议并邀请他来参加本次活动。,注意：,1,词数：不少于,120,词；,2,可适当增加细节；,3,不能出现学校和你的真实姓名。,专题一,新题预测,Dear Zhang Hua,，,I am really upset to hear that you have become addicted to the Internet games.Obviously,it has troubled you a lot,and now you are trying to find a way out.,_,_,_,Yours,，,Wang Tao,专题一,新题预测,One possible version,：,Dear,_,Zhang,_,Hua,，,I,_,am,_,really,_,upset,_,to,_,hear,_,that,_,you,_,have,_,become,_,addicted,_,to,_,the,_,Internet,_,games.,_,Obviously,_,it,_,has,_,troubled,_,you,_,a,_,lot,_,and,_,now,_,you,_,are,_,trying,_,to,_,find,_,a,_,way,_,out.,There is a piece of good news I want to inform you.An event organized by our school club is going to take place in our school next Saturday,aiming to help students fight Internet addiction.An expert will be invited to give us a speech on how to make good use of the Internet.And then some students will talk about their experience of surfing the net.,专题一,新题预测,Also,we will arrange some interactive time,during which the students are allowed to raise any problem they are now confronting.I will be glad if you can come.I think it will be of great help.,I know its hard to get rid of the addiction,but maybe you will find the following suggestions helpful.For one thing,you can do more outdoor activities with your friends,which will distract your focus on the Internet games.For another,talk with someone you trust,for example,your parents.Dont hesitate to tell them the trouble you are in.By doing so,you are not alone.,专题一,新题预测,I hope you can build up your confidence and combat your addiction to the net games bravely.,Looking forward to seeing you next Saturday.,Yours,，,Wang_Tao,专题一,新题预测,(,二,),目前，很多大城市的年轻人向中小城市迁徙，请用英语描述这一现象，分析其原因并谈谈你的看法。,(,词数：,120,左右,),_,_,_,_,专题一,新题预测,One possible version,：,Recently,there has been a boom in population mobility from big cities to small ones among young people.In the past,young people preferred to move to big cities,where they could find good jobs and seek excitement and entertainment.However,with the growing population in big cities,many problems have occurred.Life there has become more difficult and inconvenient.,Besides,buying or renting a flat is a big burden for them.They feel tired both physically and mentally.Therefore many of them made a decision to move to less developed cities,where they can have an easier life.,专题一,新题预测,In my opinion,I believe small cities will benefit from this mobility because young people with new ideas and knowledge will help develop these cities.,专题二,表格提示型书面表达,专题二表格提示型书面表达,专题导读,专题二,专题导读,表格式英语作文一般是在表格中给出一定的内容和情景，要求写一篇,120,词左右的短文。它属于控制型写作的范畴。历年高考都有此类型的作文，可算是高考作文类型中的“不倒翁”。表格式英语作文主要具备以下特点：,1,题材涉及广泛，如人物介绍、地点介绍、新闻报道、生活话题及社会热门话题；体裁多种多样，包括应用文,(,书信、日记、通知、发言稿、寻物及招领启事等,),、说明文、记叙文、议论文等。,2,与看图作文不同，表格式作文提示点一目了然，需要表达的信息一览无余。答题时无需花过多的时间去揣摩写作内容，要点一般不会遗漏。,专题二,专题导读,3,与汉语提示作文不同，英语表格式作文中通常是以不完整的汉语句子,(,包括术语或概括性的短语,),作为提示形式出现。这样既能够让考生获得命题人所要求的信息，又留给考生一定的发挥空间，因而要求考生具备很强的语言驾驭能力和语篇整合能力。,一、表格式作文写作指导,专题二,专题导读,二、表格式作文写作应注意的事项,1,注意格式，避免填表式表达,表格式作文虽然以表格作为提示形式，但要求以短文的形式,(,包括不同的文体,),来表达。答题时应注意不同文体的格式，切忌将短文写成履历表。如：,专题二,专题导读,专题二,专题导读,2.,灵活变通，避免硬译式表达,(1),简单罗列类：表格中的汉语提示简洁凝练，概括性强，表达时切忌逐字逐句翻译，也忌简单机械地罗列要点，必要时要灵活调整或进行适当的补充。如：,专题二,专题导读,专题二,专题导读,(2),直译类：表格中常出现抽象或复杂的汉语提示，这些提示往往以成语或经典谚语的形式出现，这时应善于变通，可采用转换手段将提示中的“雅词妙句”转换为通俗的汉语，然后用地道的英语表达。如：,专题二,专题导读,专题二,专题导读,(3),汉语式英语。由于英语和汉语在语言结构上有很大的差异，部分同学受母语思维模式影响而写出不合规范或不合英语文化习惯的畸形英语。在用英语表达时一定要调整好语序，写出地道的英语句子。如：,专题二,专题导读,3.,注意衔接，避免单句式表达,高考写作不同于单句翻译。部分同学在表达时只注意单个句子的完整性，而忽略了句子间的衔接以及整个语篇的连贯性，致使全文虽没有语法错误但支离破碎。,原句：,Many of us are in favor of staying at home.They think its convenient and comfortable.They can save money for other purposes.But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.,修正：,Many of us are in favor of staying at home.They think its both convenient and comfortable.Whats more,they can save money for other purposes.But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.,专题二,专题导读,文章通过修正，巧妙地使用了过渡成分。这样，前后连贯，结构紧凑，收到了满意的效果。,4,注意写作顺序，避免次序式表达,表达时切忌千篇一律，不要完全按照表格内容出现的先后顺序来写，应从语篇角度统筹安排，必要时在表达顺序上作适当调整，目的是使全文重点突出，通顺连贯。,真题典例,专题二,真题典例,2011,重庆卷,某国际动物关爱协会面向全球中学生招募“动物代言人”，希望申请者选择一种自己喜欢的动物，为之代言,(speak for),。假设你是重庆新华中学的学生李华，有意参与该活动。现请你用英文在线填写申请表,(,仅需填写“申请陈述”部分,),，内容如下：,表示有意参加,说明自己富有爱心、关爱动物,打算为何种动物代言，并说明理由,希望申请成功,专题二,真题典例,注意：,(1),词数,100,左右；,(2)“,申请陈述”的第一句已经给出，不计入总词数。,专题二,真题典例,One possible version,：,Im,_,a,_,student,_,from,_,Xinhua,_,Middle,_,School,_,in,_,Chongqing,_,China.,I have learned that you are picking out some students from all over the world to speak for animals.Id like to be one.,First of all,being kindhearted and fond of animals,Im confident that I can do the job well.In addition,Im expert in oral English,which makes it easy for me to speak for animals and convenient to communicate with others.,My application for this is to speak for Chinese pandas.Being clumsy and lovely,the black and white animals are popular with everyone.With so few left,专题二,真题典例,in the wild,Ill appeal to everyone in the world to protect them.,I wish to be given the chance to do something for our animals.,新题预测,专题二,新题预测,(,一,),假如你叫李平，是一位成绩优秀的学生，你班班主任在安排座位时，让成绩好的学生和成绩差的学生作同桌，这在你们班成绩优秀的学生中引起了反响，班会课上大家就此进行了讨论。现在请你根据下表把讨论结果向班主任写一封信反映一下，并说出自己的观点。,专题二,新题预测,注意：,1.,词数：,120,左右，短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。,2,短文需包括表中所有要点，内容可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。,3,参考词汇：成绩差的学生：,a slower student,自信：,selfconfidence,Dear Mr.Zhang,，,We have held a discussion about whether it is good or not for a top student to share a desk with a slower student.,_,_,专题二,新题预测,One possible version,：,Dear,_,Mr.,_,Zhang,，,We,_,have,_,held,_,a,_,discussion,_,about,_,whether,_,it,_,is,_,good,_,or,_,not,_,for,_,a,_,top,_,student,_,to,_,share,_,a,_,desk,_,with,_,a,_,slower,_,student.,Some are for the idea.As they know,everyone has strengths as well as weaknesses.Although they are not good at lessons,the slower students might do well in other fields like sports or arts.Therefore,the top students and the slower students can learn from each other,and they may develop friendship.In addition,top students can help slower ones gain selfconfidence by helping them with their lessons.,专题二,新题预测,However,others dont hold the same view.They think some slower students are always making trouble,such as keeping talking in class,breaking school rules,which may lead to them forming bad habits.Besides,slower students often ask top students questions,which has a bad effect on their studies.,In my opinion,Id like to choose to share a desk with a slower student so that we can learn from each other and make progress together.,Yours,，,Li Ping,专题二,新题预测,(,二,),学校即将举行以“,How to improve our communication ability,？”为题的英语作文比赛，写一篇英语短文，并发表你的观点。短文的主要内容包括：,注意：,1.,词数,120,左右；,2,可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；,3,开头已写好，不计入总词数。,专题二,新题预测,How to improve our communication ability?,As we know,，,the purpose of learning English is to communicate,，,cooperate and progress.Therefore,，,knowing how to improve our communication ability is necessary and important.,_,_,专题二,新题预测,One possible version,：,How to improve our communication ability?,As_we_know,，,the_purpose_of_learning_English_is_to_communicate,，,cooperate_and_progress.Therefore,，,knowing_how_to_improve_our_communication_ability_is_necessary_and_important.,Not until we can learn rich English knowledge as well as grasp four basic skills,，,can we form/have stronger communication ability.Generally speaking,，,skills and communication ability are very close.Language knowledge is made up of topics,，,phonetics,，,vocabulary,，,grammar,，,function,，,emotion,专题二,新题预测,and attitude,，,including other culture knowledge.At the same time,，,grasping it can help with the improvement of basic and efficient skills.It is by listening and reading that we get information.We can express facts,，,and opinions in the way we speak and write.,In my opinion,，,we learn language and culture knowledge.As a result,，,we have more improvement of understanding and expressing.It is certain that our communication ability will be improved.,专题三,图画提示型书面表达,专题三图画提示型书面表达,专题导读,专题三,专题导读,看图进行书面表达的基本要求是：认真审图，确立主题，提炼要点，展开联想，变点为句，连句成篇。要达到这些要求，我们就必须认真审图，善于利用图中人物间的关系、人物的对话、人物的活动及所处场所，以及图中的文字说明和标志来提炼要点；要围绕主题展开合理的想象，切忌游离于主题展开不着边际的联想。,专题三,专题导读,专题三,专题导读,真题典例,专题三,真题典例,2011,湖南卷,假设你参加所在年级的英文写作比赛，请按如下要求完成一篇短文：,1,简要描述下图内容，并点明主题；,2,联系实际，表达该图带给你的启示。,专题三,真题典例,注意：,1.,词数不少于,120,个；,2,不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。,_,_,_,_,_,_,专题三,真题典例,One possible version,：,As can be seen from the picture,，,when drops of water accumulate,，,they can form the sea,；,trees added together can make the forest,，,and the human society is formed by every individual or family.,The picture conveys an important message to us.That is,，,as human society is made up of every individual,，,it is our responsibility to make as much effort as possible to make our society a good place to live in.As a matter of fact,，,every individual has his uniqueness and every individual has something in common with others as well.,专题三,真题典例,Learning from each other,，,we can bring richness to our quality and we can live a harmonious life.That is what all the people expect,，,I am sure.,新题预测,专题三,新题预测,(,一,),It is Saturday afternoon.Li Ming,a senior 3 student,is at home.Look at the picture on the right and tell why he is standing there and what he is thinking about now.(No less than 120 words.),专题三,新题预测,One possible version,：,Li Ming is a diligent/hardworking student.It is Saturday.He is busy working on his lessons in the afternoon at home.At break,he relaxes by the window,expecting to enjoy the sunshine.Yet the busy pouring traffic seems to remind him of something.As a senior 3 student,facing NMET,time is more or less limited for him.He thinks he must plan everything carefully in order to solve the remaining problems with his lessons and prepare well for the coming examination.Meanwhile,he has to take good care of himself.For example,he should have a,专题三,新题预测,balanced diet and do some exercise every day.Li Ming is determined to do his best so that he will meet success.,专题三,新题预测,(,二,),请根据下面四幅图画的内容写一篇短文，记述昨天发生在你叔叔身上的事。,注意：,1.,词数,120,左右。,2.,参考词汇：吊销驾照