翻译--词类转换法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,词类转换法,(conversion),By conversion,we mean that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in another language.We cannot translate English necessarily word for word into Chinese.A good translator should try all means to reproduce the thought of the author faithfully in another language,quite disregarding the parts of speech of individual words so used in his version.In practical translation work,words in the original,if necessary,may be turned into words identical in meaning but different in part of speech,and the word order may also be changed.,词类转换很多，主要是名词,动词词类之间的转换。,动词,-,名词,英语中的动词，尤其是由名词派生而来的动词在翻译时往往转换为名词，修饰动词的副词也就转换为形容词。,1,。,The inflammation is,characterized,by,red,swelling,fever,and,pain.,炎症的,特点,是红、肿、热、痛,。,2,。,The visiting guests were,escorted,to,theYellow,Crane Tower last Sunday,.,上星期天，来访的客人和,陪同人员,一起参观了黄鹤楼。,3,。,Independent observers have,commented,favourably,on the achievements you have made in this direction,。,有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了很好的,评价,。,4.,The girl i,mpressed,her,finacees,relatives,favourably,with her vivacity and sense of humor.,这个女孩以她的活泼和幽默感给她的未婚夫的亲戚们留下了极好的,印象,。,5,。,As the war,progressed,，,he would,symbolize,their frustrations,，,the embodiment of all evils.,随着战争,的,进行,，他成了他们受挫的,象征,，成了一切坏事的化身。,6,。,A well-dressed man,，,who,looked and talked,like an American,，,got into the car.,一个穿着讲究的人上了车，他的,外表谈吐,却像个美国人。,Adj.-noun,They expect us in the Community to work out policies of aid and trade which will show a,sympathetic,understanding of their own problems.,它们期望我们欧洲共同体制定出对它们的问题表示,同情,和理解的援助和贸易政策。,And our small states will discover that capitalism,by its very nature,imperialistic and exploitative,and they become satellites to the capitalist state of Europe and America.,而我们这些小国将会发现，资本主义就其本性而言，就是,帝国主义,，就是,剥削,，我们小国会变成欧美资本主义国家和卫星国。,英语的名词和介词,-,汉语的动词,由于汉语的动词使用频率大大高于英语，因此，在英汉翻译中，常把名词、介词转换为动词。,1.The,growing awareness,by millions of Africans of their extremely poor and backward living conditions has prompted them to take resolute measures and create new ones.,比较：,译文,1,：数以百万记的非洲人对于他们非常贫穷落后的生活条件的,日益觉醒,促使他们采取坚决的措辞，创造新的生活条件。,译文,2,：数以百万记的非洲人,逐渐意识到,他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们奋起采取坚决措施去创造新的生活条件。,2.The turning point of my life was my,decision,to give up a promising career and study music.,我的生活转折点是，我,决定,不再做生财有望的商人而专攻音乐。,3.It would not be easy to talk,in,general terms about Western Europe,as a,unit,with,its differences of climate and culture,its mountains,plains and coasts.,西欧诸国气候不同，文化各异，山峦、平原、海岸各具特色，要想把西欧作为整体加以综述，可不是件容易的事。,The sea thundered,on,over,and past,and as it roared by it revealed a hideous sight.,海浪狂啸着滚来，如泰山压顶一般，又怒吼着滚远,巨浪过处,一片浪籍。,短文：,Every child in Britain must by law receive full-time education from the age of five to fifteen.If a child fail to attend school,a school,Attendence,Officer will come to his house to find out why,and if there is no good reason the parents may be prosecuted.But the parents themselves have a certain amount of choice as to what school the child goes to.In fact they could educate the child themselves if they wished,provided their time-table,method and equipment were approved by all inspectors.,名词,-,形容词,1.I can note the,grace,of her gesture.,我可以看到她,优雅的,举止。,2.We have seen the,beauty,of Mt Tai我们领略了,美丽的,泰山。,3.You have pass from the heat and,glare,of big open square into a cool,dark cavern.,你从一个巨大的露天广场上炎热而,耀眼的,阳光中进入凉爽阴暗的洞穴。,4,。,Even in these days,，,when divorce is so easy and family ties are supposed to be weak,，,it would probably be,a mistake,to underestimate the influence of families on presidential policies.,即使在家庭纽带十分脆弱，离婚成了常事的今天，如果低估了家庭在总统政治中的影响力，那也会是,错误的,。,Adv-,adj,1.The English language has changed,subtly and pervasively,.,英语的变化,很敏感、很普遍,。,2.,Hopefully,it will be done early next month.,下月初完成这件工作是大,有希望的,。,3.She chirped,blinking her eyes,happily,.,她唧唧喳喳地叫着，两眼闪出,快乐的,光芒。,其他转换,adj,adv,。,He had a careful study of the map before he started off./Can you give an accurate translation of the sentence.,Nounadv:He had the,honour,to attend the congress.,The man nodded with,satisfaction,.,Advnoun:It was,officially,announced that they agreed on a reply to the Soviet Union.,官方宣布，他们就给苏联的复信取得了一致的意见。,Adj-noun:Official,Cairo is taking pains to create impression as if its relations with East have remained,untouched,.,开罗官方千方百计想制造一种印象，好象它同东方国家的关系仍然没有受到,影响。,1.Vietnamese war is a,drain,on American resources.,战争不断地消耗美国的资源,.,2.I am so grateful to my father for,his continuous encouragement during my childhood.,我非常感谢父亲,因为在我小的时候他总是不断地鼓励我。,3.Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally,off poverty.,4.The woman,with,her two daughters,arrived.,5.,My suggestion,is that he should quit smoking.,6.It is,my conviction,that though men may be no more wicked than they always have been,they seem less,likelyto,be ashamed.,我相信，人们虽然未必比以前还要不讲道德，但似乎要比以前更加不知羞耻,.,7.The happiness of having such a sister was their first,effusion,and the fair ladies mingled in embraces and tears of joy.,她们首先倾吐了要做姑嫂的喜悦，两位小姐高兴地一次次拥抱，洒下了欣喜的泪花。（,effusion,是个带有动作意味的名词，意为,unrestrained,expreesion,of feeling,，翻译时可顺从汉语的习惯，将其译成动词“倾吐”。）,8,。,I saw that his face was,pale.I,followed his eyes and looked across the room to a woman who was setting a tray of drinks,before,some customers.,我见他脸色煞白。我循着他的目光，看到餐厅那边有个女人端着托盘,给,几位客人,上,饮料。,9.Father passed his face,over,his face.,父亲用手,摸了摸,脸。,练习,1.She had an erectness of carriage,and ease of,bearing,a,poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding.,2.American architects have invaded the Middle East to direct the most ambitious building program in the,world:huge,airports,sprawling universities,ultra-modern office building,even new cities.,3.Today,we are still stirred by the sight of each flower and tree in the courtyard and each thing used by Premier Zhou.,4.They also often defend the practice by drawing,picrures,of suffering women and children whose pain can be,relieved(we,are,assured)only,by the fruits of vivisection.,5.Each pretended to read.They did not want to separate.The evening passed with ominous mysteriousness,yet quickly.,参考答案,1,。她仪态端庄,举止大方,显然表明她很有教养。,2,。美国建筑师涌进了中东，在那里主持全世界最具气魄的建筑计划：巨型飞机场，面积大得惊人的大学，超现代的办公大楼，甚至是一座座新的城市。,3,。今天，我们看到院子里的一花一木和周总理用过 每一件东西，仍然深为感动。,4,。他们也常常画些病痛折磨下的妇女和儿童，只有活体解剖的成果才能解除他们的痛苦（人们这样向我们保证说），以此来为这一做法辩护。,5,。每个人都假装在看书，大家都不想分开。这个夜晚仿佛有一种神秘的不详预兆，然而却过得特别快。,