初中英语有效课堂课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,初中英语有效课堂构建,Preface,新课程背景下，课堂教学的有效性问题是教师们关注的焦点问题。,提升课堂教学的有效性，要从教学设计和教学实施两个层面考虑，遵循科学的教学原则。,一、语法课型,语法教学“三要素”:,形式（form）,意义（meaning）,用法（usage）,一节语法课好不好，主要就看有没有达到这三维目标。,判断语法是否out的两个办法,其一，作为英语老师，要加强英语学习，多阅读英文报刊书籍，多看英文原版电视，多与native speakers交流；其二，对于自己不确定的英文表达方式，可以google一下，看一看网上这样的表达多不多？,二）语法教学的核心,语法教学的核心是让学生彻底知晓语法项目的概念和功能，并学会运用，而不只是一味地做题讲题。,三）如何做到“随风潜入夜”？,成功的教育要学会隐藏教育的意图，把要学习的新知识隐蔽在友好的氛围和熟悉的语境中。,呈现一个语法新知识的时候，英语老师最好先采用隐性方式（implicit approach），采用迂回策略，引导学生使用归纳法，从探究具体的语言材料中，推导出语法规则，让学生在不知不觉中感受语法的形式和用法，等到了一定阶段后，再采用显性方式（explicit）对一些语法规则做一些总结、操练和明确。,“如果老师不想办法使学生产生情绪高昂和智力振奋的内心状态，就急于传授知识，不动情感的脑力劳动就会带来疲惫。没有欢欣鼓舞的心情，没有学习的兴趣，学习就成了负担”苏霍姆里斯基,情境是知识最佳的载体,四）创设语境的素材哪里来？,要想把语法课上课生动，教师肯定要善于创设语境，要想营造出逼真的氛围，教师手头就必须要有大量的图画、音频、视频、实物等素材。,做一个好素材的拾荒者,练习could have done的好材料,A man left his cat with his brother while he went on vacation for a week.When he came back,the man called his brother to see when he could pick the cat up.The brother hesitated,then said,Im so sorry,but while you were away,the cat died.The man was very upset and yelled,You know,you could have broken the news to me better than that.When I called today,you could have said he was on the roof and wouldnt come down.Then when I called the next day,you could have said that he had fallen off and the vet was working on patching him up.Then when I called the third day,you could have said he had passed away.,（本来可以做、能做而没有做）,语法教学是否高效？,1.因为语法教学有时候是比较抽象的，不容易理解，这就需要老师在教学之前，精心准备教学内容，优化教学环节，采用有效的教学手段，尽量让学生对所学语法产生兴趣，发现学好它的重要性和必要性。,2.应该从听说读写四个方面来评价，应该采用真实性的评价活动。可以在情境对话中观察了解学生的掌握情况。,二、听说课型,英语听力教学实用技巧,听力技巧的重要性,听力与语音、词汇、背景知识、听力习惯、逻辑思维（通过全篇逻辑关系，细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义）及心理因素等方面的联系,心理因素对英语听力教学的启示,(一)注重情感交流，挖掘学生听力的潜能。,美国教育学家布鲁姆说：“一个带着积极情感学习课程的学生应该比那些缺乏热情、乐趣或兴趣的学生及那些对学习材料感到焦虑和恐惧的学生，学习更轻松，更加迅速，这是因为恐惧的心理会麻痹人的正常心理活动：知觉、技艺、思维、言语等教师应首先优化学生的心理环境，努力创设轻松、和谐的听力氛围，使学生在平和的情况下，运用理智，进行高效地听音活动，收到最好的效果。,实践证明，在听力活动中，教师以自身的情感激发学生的听力动力，则听力兴趣增强。,(二)加强学生听力技巧方面的指导,首先，增加学生的相关背景知识。相关的背景知识了解越多听力理解水平就越高。因此，在播放听力材料前，教师应提出与听力主题相关的问题，让学生联想与主题相关的信息并参与讨论，使他们对听力材料有一个整体意义上的把握，并借此打消他们的紧张心理。,听力教学现状,利用录音播放教材练习中的英语听力，反复对英语听力进行强化训练是他们在英语课堂教学中的常规做法。,学生机械地通过教师对课文练习或者逐字逐句讲解，进行听力训练，教师听力教学很少从方法上给予指点，,听力教学理论阐释,1、什么是听力？,“听力是一个主动的过程，听话人从听到和看到的信号中选择并解释信息，并将其与他们的已有知识相联系。”-Rubin,听力的三个组成部分,听前活动,听中活动,设计精听与泛听相结合的听力任务就显得尤为重要。反复的精听训练可帮助学生突破语音难点，辨别关键词、句，进而捕捉到语篇中的重要信息及具体信息；,大量的泛听训练可以培养学生把握语篇大意的能力、良好的英语语感，更快地提高听觉反应能力。,听后活动,主要是巩固听力信息和技能，应用学习到的知识和技能，评估听力效果。,听前（warm up）帮助学生激活已有的词汇知识，促进他们了解听力材料中即将出现的词汇，从而有效降低听力难度，使听的内容成为重点，而不是个别词汇。,中小学听力教学,1、中小学生学生听力水平特征,*明白孤立的词语和短句，尤其在可听得清楚的语言环境中，例如，处于临近位置或询问个人信息时。,*理解高频词汇和套语，例如问候（How are you doing?）、道歉（I am sorry.）、提问（Where are you from?）。,*在会话中需要较长的停顿来理解话语。,*在会话中要重复、重新措辞或者放慢语速才能理解话语。,2.听力教学原则,明确听力任务的目标。学生在听之前至少应该知道问题是什么，带着问题去听会使听力的准确性大为提高。,采用多样化的任务。不同的内容也要以不同的方式去听。例如听取新闻要旨与听取电话号码的差别就很大。,了解口语与书面语的区别。口语和书面语最大的区别之一是在非正式谈话中通常不使用完整的句子。,讲授必备的语音知识。在平日的听力训练中，教师要教给学生一些语音知识：强读、弱读；连读；不完全爆破等。,丰富语言输入的形式。教师在平时要鼓励学生学唱英语歌曲、欣赏英语电影、欣赏有声诗歌和小剧本等。这些材料丰富了语言输入的形式，同时也让学生在赏析材料的同时提高自身主动学习的欲望。学生还应利用各种可利用的条件，努力创设语言环境，培养语感，课余时间里用收音机、电视机收听不同电台、电视台播放的英语节目：参加“英语角”活动等方式切身感受学习的乐趣，检测自己的实际交际英语运用能力，学以致用，从而真正提高使用英语交流的能力。,一点补注：对“图示”的概念解释,所谓图式，是指围绕某一个主题组织起来的知识的表征和贮存方式。,图式一词早在康德的哲学著作中就已出现。瑞士著名的心理学家、教育家皮亚杰也十分重视图式概念。现代图式理论是在信息科学、计算机科学深入到心理学领域,使心理学中关于人的认知的研究发生了深刻变化之后于本世纪70年代后期发展起来的。,图式描述的是具有一定概括程度的知识,而不是定义。也就是说,图式既描述事物的必要特征,又包括其非必要特征。图式所描述的知识由一部分或几部分按一定的方式组合起来,其中的组成部分称之为变量(variable)。例如:动物的图式包括有皮肤、能活动、吃食物、呼吸空气;鸟的图式包括有翅膀、有羽毛、能飞等。总之,一个符号、一种物体等均可以看成是一种图式。,结束语,总之，听的理解过程是材料内容与学生头脑中已有的图式内容交互的过程。教师听力教学技能的培养是一个长期的循序渐进的螺旋上升的过程，必须将对学生听力技能的训练和说、读、写有机结合起来,三、读写课型,Reading and writing,A weekend to remember,Task One:Predicting and scanning,1,.,Go through the passage quickly and tell the genre(体裁),the main idea,the structure(结构),the conjunctions(衔接词)in the passage.,Genre(体裁):Narration(记叙文）Exposition(说明文）,Argumentation(议论文）,Main idea:_,_,Structure:_,Para 1:_,_,Para 2:_,Para 3:_,It tells us what the writer did and how he/she felt last weekend.,Summary-part-summary(总分总）,We went to the countryside last weekend and it was interesting and scary.,What did we do and how did we feel in the countryside?,Last weekend was exciting and unforgettable,.,Conjunctions:,_ _,The elements of narration:,Where:_,When:_,Who:_,Why:_,What:_,How:,_,in the countryside,last weekend,the writer and her family,because the writers sister finished high school.,set up a tent;slept;visited;tasted;bought gifts,interesting;scary;exciting;unforgettable,first;then;on the first night;the next morning;,then;after that;finally;all in all;,1.What did the writer do on the first night?,_,_,2.What happened to the writer the next morning?,How did the writer feel？,_,_,They just sat under the moon and tell each,other stories,and the writer went to bed early.,The writer saw a big snake sleeping near the fire.,She felt scared and surprised.,Task Two:Skimming,3.Then what did the writer do,in the countryside?,_,_,4.What did the writer buy in the shop?Were they expensive?,_,_,The writer talked to the villagers,and tasted some delicious local food.,The writer bought some lovely gifts.,No,they werent.,Find the beautiful sentences you like and tell the,reason,then make a similar sentence with the key,structure in it.,Task Three:Enjoy the,beautiful sentences,On the first night,we just sat under the moon and told each other stories.,The sentences I like best:,sit under the sun and read books,I often,sit under the sun,and,read books,on weekends.,1.But I was,so,tired,that,I went to sleep early.2I was,so,scared,that,I couldnt move.,The sentences I like best:,so,+adj.+,that,+句子,excitedlaughed and jumped,They were,so,excited,that,they laughed and jumped.,scaredcant say a word,He is,so,scared,that,he cant say a word.,Discuss the points we should pay attention to(注意)when writing a narration(记叙文).,Task Four:Summary,While writing a narration(记叙文),we should pay attention to(注意)these points:,The elements of narration;(,记叙文的六要素）,the structure and complicity,；,(,结构清晰，篇章完整）,3,.the con,junction,s and fluency;,(,衔接自然，行云流水）,4,.the sentences;,(,语言优美，句式多样）,5,.the person and tense;,(,人称时态一致，准确）,6,.the handwriting and the number of the words.,（书面漂亮，整洁，清晰；字数达到要求）,Write an 80-word passage on the topic,“A/An weekend”,based on the knowledge you learned from the passage in 6-7 minutes.,Task Five:Writing,Share each others writing and express your ideas about the strong points(优点)and shortcomings(不足)of the writing and give some suggestions.,Task Six:Sharing and evaluation(分享与评价),Evaluation standards:,1.,The writing should be,complete and reasonable,and the,structure should,be clear,;,2.,The conjunctions,should be used to make the whole,writing fluent and smooth;,3.The sentences should be,beautiful with different key,structures,;,4.,The person and tense,should be used correctly;,5.,The handwriting,should be tidy,clean and clear,and,the,number of the words,shouldnt be much more or less,than the requirement.,Homework,Rewrite the passage again to make it perfect;,2.Write the passage,“A/AnDay”,based on the,knowledge,you learned in this period.,四、写作课型,书面表达训练策略,假设你是李华，上周末你参加了一次郊游,(outing),。请根据下面表格中的提示信息写一篇题为“,A pleasant outing,”的英语短文，参加某英文报纸的征文比赛。,A pleasant outing,时间,上周末,参加者,你和,地点,北山公园(the North Hill Park),活动,骑自行车、爬山、野餐、做游戏,感受,主要问题:,1.,层次不清晰,2.拼写和语法错误多,3.汉语思维痕迹过重,A pleasant Outing,Last weekend,I went for an outing with my classmates.We had a great time.,At 7:30 in the morning,we met at our school gate.We went to the North Hill Park by bike.On the way,we were so excited that we sang loudly.When we arrived there,we started to climb the hill at once.We had a picnic on the top of the hillAfter that,we walked down the path and had a rest.Later,some girls danced under the trees and some boys played games happily.We didnt go back until 4:00 pm.We were tired but very happy.,What a pleasant outing it was!,A pleasant Outing,Last weekend,I went for an outing with my classmates.We had a great time.,At 7:30 in the morning,we met at our school gate.We went to the North Hill Park by bike.On the way,we were so excited that we sang loudly.When we arrived there,we started to climb the hill at once.We had a picnic on the top of the hill.After that,we walked down the path and had a rest.Later,some girls danced under the trees and some boys played games happily.We didnt go back until 4:00 pm.We were tired but very happy.,What a pleasant outing it was!,After that,Later,写作评分标准:,(一档：13-15分),内容完整 结构清晰 语言无误,-依据新课标5级目标,中考复习,语言正确性,与,难度专练,书面表达训练策略,好语言的标准,句子正确,2-4个句子加难度,化繁为简,化简为繁,确保正确,加大难度,书面表达高分口诀：,返璞归真：,A,.,简单英语表达复杂汉语思维,B.每句话都争取用：主,+,谓,+,宾,(主+系+表),化繁为简,确保正确,（2012河南省中考书面表达试题）,目前有不少历史剧在电视上热播。有人通过看历史剧来了解历史，有人选择读史书来了解历史。你选择的理由是什么？请你根据以下内容写一篇英语短文。,选择,理由,看历史剧,情节有趣、通俗易懂；,读历史书,资料真实、引人深思；,你的选择,？,Many historical plays have been on TV recently.,_,请用“返璞归真”的思维用英语表达下列各句：,1.,情节有趣、通俗易懂。,The historical plays,are interesting and easy to understand,.,2.,资料真实、引人深思。,The books can tell them the true stories.,Readers can learn and think a lot from them while reading.,请用“返璞归真”的思维用英语表达下列时尚用语：,1.囧！,Its embarrassing!,2.给力！,How cool!/Its great.,3.不差钱。,We have enough money.,4.神马都是浮云。,Everything is nothing.,5.他是一个万事通。,He knows everything.,/,I feel embarrassed!,返璞归真：,A,.,简单英语表达复杂汉语思维,B.每句话都争取用：主,+,谓,+,宾,(,主,+,系,+,表,),2.,移花接木：,同义词、近义词,B.,解释（定义）,化繁为简,确保正确,化简为繁,加大难度,给力词汇,千金一词,2.,高端语法,千金一句,千金一词（第二词汇）,同义化：,1.should:,2.many:,3.not like:,4.like:,具体化:,1.unhappy:,2.cook:,be supposed to,a great number of,dislike,/,hate,be fond of,stressed out/upset/lonely/mad,boil/bake/fry/steam,千金一句：,1个定语从句(可以增加修饰部分）,1个被动语态,1个长句（并列、转折、时间、原因、目的,）,随机应变,：感叹句、虚拟语气等,我们平时学习句型、词汇、语法是为了什么？,如何写长句，其 核 心 问 题是,连词,连词会让句子逻辑清晰，句子变长而显得有水平。,表示句子间逻辑关系,1.如果 2.尽管；虽然 3.因为；因此.为了,5如此以至两者都不,7不是而是 直到 9.直到才 10.否则,表示动作发生时间关系,1.一就 2.当时候,3.（一直）自从（时间点）4.在.之前,5.表示先后顺序的词,Summary,卷面整洁,句子正确,“三好学生”,（词汇、衔接、句型）,子曰,：,质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子。,