高考英语 Module2知识与要点课件 外研版必修3 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,Developing and Developed Countries(,发展中国家和发达国家,),连线高考,2010,安徽，阅读理解,C2010,陕西，阅读理解,B,功能,Making comparisons(,做比较,),语法,Link words,连词,(but,，,however,，,although,，,while,的用法,),重点词汇及拓展,1.,measure,vt.,测定；测量；评估,2,position,n,位置,3,figure,n,数字,4.,crowded,adj.,拥挤的,5,location,n,位置；所在地,6,transport,n,交通工具,7.,exchange,n,交换,8,unfortunate,adj.,不幸的，遗憾的,unfortunately,adv.,遗憾地,fortunately,(,反义词,)adv.,幸运地,fortune,n,运气,9,industrial,adj.,工业的,industry,n,工业,10,hungry,adj.,饥饿的,hunger,n,饥饿,11,development,n,发展,develop,v,发展,developing,adj.,发展中的,developed,adj.,发达的,12,pollutedadj.,被污染的,pollute,v,污染,pollution,n,污染,重点短语,1.,up,to,直到,2,reduce,.to,减至,3,increase,.by,以,的幅度增加,4.make an,effort,努力,5,be,connected,with,与,有联系；与,有关,6,be,close,to,接近，靠近,重点句型,1.The bottom ten countries are all African countries,，,with Sierra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list.,最后,10,个国家均是非洲国家，赛拉利昂,(,西非,),排在最后。,2,One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index.,这份报告最重要的部分之一是人类发展指标。,1,measure,n,尺寸，大小；度量单位，度量器；措施；法规,v,测量，测定；考虑，评估；衡量,归纳拓展,(1)make clothes to ones measure,为某人量体裁衣,in some,/large/,full measure,有几分,/,在很大程度上,/,最大限度地,take measures to do sth.,采取措施做某事,(2)measure up to,符合,(,期望,),；达到,(,标准,),例句：,The coat which is not made to your own measure is much too loose for you.,这件没按照你的尺寸做的大衣你穿着太松了。,We should take appropriate measures to improve our teaching.,我们应采取适当措施提高教学质量。,The job failed to measure up to her expectations.,这项工作没有满足她的期望。,注意：,(1)measure,表示,措施,”,之意时，常用其复数形式,measures,。,(2),当,measure,表示,“,量起来有,长,/,宽,/,高,”,时是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，此种情况下不能用被动语态。,例句：,The road measures 30 feet across.,这条路宽,30,英尺。,It measures more easily if spread on a table.,如果把它铺在桌子上，量起来就更容易了。,【,链接训练,】,Doctors say it is too early to_the effectiveness of the drug.,A,value B,conclude C,measure D,count,【,解析,】,句意为：医生们说判定这种药物的效果为时过早。,measure,“,评估，衡量,”,，符合题意。,value,“,重视,”,；,conclude,“,得出,(,结论,),，总结,”,；,count,“,计算；数,”,，均不合题意。,【,答案,】,C,Many car accidents occur because motorists cant _ the speed of approaching vehicles.,A,conclude B,count,C,measure D,value,【,解析,】,句意为：很多车祸的发生都是因为开车者不能估量对面开来的车的速度造成的。,measure,在此为及物动词，意为,“,估量,”,。,【,答案,】,C,2,position n,地点，位置，所在地；姿势；地位；位次；立场；处境；职位,归纳拓展,(1)out of,/in(a)position,不在,/,在适当位置,sit,/lie in a comfortable position,以舒适的姿势坐着,/,躺着,(2)take up(ones)position,担任某职务,shift ones position,改变立场,例句：,Youve put me in a very difficult position.,你使我的处境变得非常困难。,That plant is in the wrong position.It doesnt like too much sun.,那棵植物放错了位置，它并不需要多晒太阳。,He had worked for the company for 20 years and was in a position of trust.,他为这家公司工作了,20,年，因而被委以重任。,【,链接训练,】,As a result of his excellent work,，,he is promoted to an important_.,A,position B,situation,C,location D,profession,【,解析,】,position,“,职位,”,；,situation,“,情况，局面，形势,”,；,location,“,位置，地点,”,；,profession,“,职业,”,。根据句意可知是,“,委以重任,”,，故选,A,。,【,答案,】,A,3,figure n,数字；图形；人物；身材；,(,隐约可见的,),人影,v,计算；想，估计；认为；认定,归纳拓展,(1)the latest sales figure,最新的销售数字,a square figure,方形,a historical figure,历史人物,keep ones figure,保持完美的身材,(2)figure sth.in,将某物包括在内；计算在内,figure on sth.,指望,/,计划某物,/,某事,figure out,弄明白；计算出,figure that.,认为,例句：,By the end of last year,，,the sales figure of this factory had got to 20 million.,到去年年底为止，这个工厂的销售数字已达到两千万。,How does she manage to keep her figure when she eats so much?,她吃得这么多，究竟是怎样保持好身材的？,I cant figure out why she said so.,我无法理解她为什么这样说。,I figured at that time that I could arrive just on time if I took a taxi.,当时我认定如果打车我还能按时赶到。,【,链接训练,】,I cant _ what has happened to the vegetables,，,for they were freshly picked this morning.,A,look out B,take out,C,work out D,figure out,【,解析,】,句意为：我不明白这些蔬菜怎么了，因为早上摘的时候还是新鲜的。,figure out,在此意为,“,理解，明白,”,。,【,答案,】,D,The present situation is very complex,，,so I think it will take me some time to_its reality.,A,make up B,figure out,C,look through D,put off,【,解析,】,考查动词短语。句意为：现在的情况非常复杂，因此我想过一段时间才能够弄清楚它的实际情况。,make up,“,编造，组成，弥补，化妆,”,；,figure out,“,弄清楚，弄明白,”,；,look through浏览，快速查看,”,；,put off,“,推迟,”,，根据句意，选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,4,agree vt.,承认，同意，使,达到一致,vi.,同意，赞同；允诺；答应；与,一致，相同；相宜，调和,归纳拓展,agree with.,同意某人的意见,/,想法；与,一致；对,适合,agree with ones idea,/opinion/,what sb.said,/sb.s words,同意某人的意见,/,观点,/,某人所说的话,agree to ones plan,/arrangement/,suggestion,同意某人的计划,/,安排,/,建议,agree on/upon sth.,就某事达成共识,(,主语是两个以上的人,),agree to do sth.,同意做某事,agree that.,同意,天气或食物,agree(s)with sb.,气候、食物等适合某人,例句：,Mutton doesnt agree with me.,羊肉不太适合我。,They agreed on/upon the time of the concert.,他们就音乐会的时间达成了一致。,She agreed(that)we could finish early.,她同意我们早结束。,I quite agree to your plan for the journey.,我非常同意你的旅行计划。,They agreed to help us.,他们同意帮助我们。,【,链接训练,】,Weddings are happy occasions but when my sister got married last year,，,my mum and sister did not_anything.,A,agree with B,agree to,C,agree on D,agree at,【,解析,】,agree with,“,同意某人的意见，对,适合,”,；,agree to do,“,同意做某事,”,；,agree on/upon,“,就某事达成共识,”,；,agree at,短语不存在。句意为：结婚是幸福的时刻，但是当我姐姐去年结婚时，我母亲和姐姐在任何事情上都无法达成共识。故正确答案为,C,。,【,答案,】,C,5,exchange n,&vt.,交换；交流；兑换,归纳拓展,(1)exchange ideas,/information,交流想法,/,信息,exchange A for B,以,A,换,B,exchange sth.with sb.,与某人交换某物,(2)in exchange(for.),作为交换；以,换,the exchange rate,兑换率,make an exchange,交换,例句：,Four of my cassettes for your Madonna CD is a fair exchange.,我用四盒磁带换你的麦当娜,CD,很公平。,Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera,？用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？,At the end of the game players traditionally exchange shirts with each other.,按照传统，比赛结束时两队球员互换球衣。,【,链接训练,】,They _ a glance before they signed their names in the paperA,changed B,turned,C,had D,exchanged,【,解析,】,句意为：在文件上签名之前他们互相对视了一下。,exchange a glance,“,相互看看,”,，符合题意。,【,答案,】,D,The technical cooperation and cultural_between the two countries are daily on the increase.,A,expenses B,exchanges,C,revenge D,extension,【,解析,】,考查名词辨析。句意为：这两个国家间的技术合作与文化交流日益增强。,cultural exchanges,“,文化交流,”,，符合题意。,expense,“,花费,”,；,revenge,“,报复,”,；,extension,“,加强,”,。,【,答案,】,B,1,make an effort,努力；尽力,归纳拓展,(1)make an effort to do sth.,尽力做或勉为其难地做某事,make every effort,尽一切努力,make a good effort/(many)efforts to do sth.,尽一切努力做某事,(2)spare no effort,不遗余力,without effort,毫不费力地,例句：,Lu lifted the box without any apparent effort.,卢毫不费力地把箱子搬起来。,The clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.,俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。,【,链接训练,】,We should make every_to help all the students learn something useful in class.,A,effort B,thing,C,way D,use,【,解析,】,句意为：我们应尽一切努力帮助所有的同学在课堂上学到有用的东西。,make every effort,“,尽全力,”,，符合题意。,B,项,thing,“,事情，东西,”,；,C,项,way,“,道路，方法,”,；,D,项,use,“,用处,”,，均与题意不符。,【,答案,】,A,We should_to help the people in Yushu to rebuild their homes.,A,make every efforts B,make all effort,C,make an efforts D,spare no effort,【,解析,】,句意为：我们应该不遗余力地帮助玉树人民重建家园。,spare no effort to do sth.,“,不遗余力地去做,”A,、,B,、,C,三项短语均有错误，,A,项应改为,make every effort,；,B,项应改为,make all efforts,；,C,项应改为,make an effort,。,【,答案,】,D,2,up to,归纳拓展,(2)be up to do,打算做,/,正做,(,某种不好的事,),Its up to sb.to do sth.,应由某人做某事,Its up to you.,由你做主,/,取决于你。,例句：,I can take up to four people in my car.,我的汽车能坐多达,4,个人。,My English isn,t up to writing that letter.,我的英语达不到能写那封信的程度。,What are these naughty boys up to?,这些淘气的男孩子在干什么？,It,s up to me to get the four of us moving.,由我来负责我们,4,个人的行动。,【,链接训练,】,What in the world are you_,？,Stop it at once.,A,up to,B,up,C,up with,D,up against,【,解析,】,句意为：你到底在搞什么鬼？还不快住手。,be up to do,“,打算做，正在做,”,，一般指某种不好的事，根据句意可知选,A,。,in the world,“,究竟、到底,”,相当于,on earth,。,【,答案,】,A,3,be/get close to,靠近；接近,归纳拓展,(1)be close to,接近,(,指空间,),；几乎，将近,(,与数字连用,),keep a close eye/watch on,密切注视；严密监视,come close to doing,差一点儿就做,(2)close up to,离,很近,close by,临近地,(,的,),；近旁的,(,地,),例句：,They chose a spot close to the river for their picnic.,他们选择了一个离河不远的地方来野餐。,The two countries are close to signing a peace agreement.,两国即将签署和平协议。,The fire is too fierce for the firemen to get close to.,火太大了，消防队员无法靠近。,同类辨析,close,与,closely,close,既可作动词、形容词，还可作副词，作副词主要指从距离上来说比较近；,closely,作副词主要指程度，,“,紧密地，紧紧地，仔细地,”,。,例句：,Don,t stand so close to her.,别站得离她那么近The boy followed his mother closely.,那男孩紧跟着他母亲。,【,链接训练,】,They,re_each other and talking_.,A,close to,；,closely,B,close to,；,close,C,closely to,；,closely,D,closely,；,close,【,解析,】,be close to,表示空间或距离上,“,很近,”,，而,closely,用作副词表示抽象意义，意为,“,密切地，紧密地,”,。根据句意选,A,。,【,答案,】,A,1,The bottom ten countries are all African countries,，,with Sierra Leone(in West Africa)at the bottom of the list.,处于最后的,10,个国家均是非洲国家，赛拉利昂,(,西非,),排在最后。,“,with,复合宾语,”,表示伴随情况、方式、原因、时间或条件等，在句中除作状语外，还可作定语。,归纳拓展,(1),“,with,名词,/,代词名词,”,在句中作定语或状语。,(2),“,with,名词,/,代词形容词,”,在句中常作状语。,(3),“,with,名词,/,代词副词,”,在句中常作状语。,(4),“,with,名词,/,代词介词短语,”,在句中常作状语或定语。,(5),“,with,名词,/,代词现在分词,”,在句中常作状语。其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。,(6),“,with,名词,/,代词过去分词,”,，在句中作状语，其中过去分词表示被动的动作。,(7),“,with,名词,/,代词动词不定式,”,在句中常作状语。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。,例句：,He went out into the dark street with a stick in his hand.,他走进漆黑的街道，手里拿着一根木棍。,He is used to sleeping with the windows open.,他习惯于开着窗子睡觉。,He went out with all the lights on.,他开着灯就出去了。,He died with his son yet a school boy.,他死的时候，他的儿子还是一个学生。,We found her house easily with the little boy leading the way.,由这个小男孩带路，我们很容易地找到了她的家。,With all the things she needed bought,，,she went home happily.,买了所需要的东西后，她高兴地回家了。,With so many things to deal with,，,I can,t go on holiday.,有这么多的事要处理，我不能去度假。,【,链接训练,】,With water _ constantly,，,the brave soldier jumped into the river to save the drowning villager.,A,to rise B,rising C,Risen D,rose,【,解析,】,该空表示,“,正在上升,”,，因此应填现在分词,rising,，构成,“,with,n,.,现在分词,”,结构作伴随状语。,A,、,C,、,D,不能体现这一含义，故被排除掉。,【,答案,】,B,They usually give the show in the open,，,with the villagers _ on benches,，,chairs or simply stones.,A,having seated B,seating,C,seated D,being seated,【,解析,】,考查,“,with,n,.,非谓语动词,”,的结构。,with the villagers.,在此处作伴随状语，表示状态。,seat,的用法为,seat sb.,或,sb.be seated,，故选,C,项。,【,答案,】,C,With exports_a big role in its economic growth,，,China has been affected by the current financial storm.,A,playing B,to play,C,played D,play,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意为：由于出口在经济发展中占很大比重，因此当前的金融风暴一直影响着中国。,export,与,play,之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除,C,、,D,两项；而,B,项表将来动作，故被排除；,A,项表主动且进行，故为正确答案。,【,答案,】,A,2,Beijing doesnt have as many freeways as Sydney does.,北京没有悉尼那么多的高速公路。,as many freeways as Sydney does,为比较状语从句，,as many.as,“,和,一样多，有,之多,”,。,as.as,结构同级比较的形式有：,(1)as,adj,./,ad,v,.,as,(2)as,adj,.,可数名词复数或不可数名词,as,(3)as,adj,.,a/an,可数名词单数形式,as,注意：,(1),同级比较的否定式为,not as/so.as.,。,(2),同级比较可修饰倍数、百分数、分数等。,(3),此结构中第二个,as,可为连词也可为介词，作连词可引导一个比较状语从句，从句常用省略；作介词时，后接名词，也可接数量词表示某性质达到了什么程度。,例句：,Asia is four times as large as Europe.,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。,We walked as far as the lake last night.,昨晚我们散步远到湖边。,You must give flowers as much water as they need.,你必须给花浇足够多的水。,Teaching is as much an art as it is a science.,教育是一门科学，更是一门艺术。,He owed as many thanks to his parents as(he owed)to his teachers.,他同样地感谢他的父母和老师。,He is not so friendly to me as(I am)to him.,他对我不像我对他那样友好。,【,链接训练,】,Scientists generally agree that Earths climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years _ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since Ice Age.,A,so long as B,as much as,C,as long as D,as well as,【,解析,】,这是一个表示同级比较的比较状语从句，比较的对象是上升的温度。句意为：科学家普遍认为，在未来的,50,年到,100,年间，气候将要变暖，其幅度相当于自冰川期至现在两万年间的气候变化。,【,答案,】,B,As is reported,，,Russia uses _ energy as the whole of South America.,A,as twice B,twice much,C,twice much as D,twice as much,【,解析,】,此题使用的倍数的表达方式为,“,倍数,as,adj,.,原级不可数名词,as,”,。,【,答案,】,D,连接词,本模块主要学习转折连接词,but,however,，,while,与,although,。,(1)but,与,however,but,与,however,含义相同，都表示转折语气，意为,“,但是，然而,”,。,but,是一个并列连词，可用来连接两个句子或一个句子的两个部分。一般放于两个句子之间，其后不加逗号。,例句：,He made good promises but seldom kept them.,他说得很好听，就是很少遵守诺言。,but,还可用作副词，意为,“,不过、仅仅,”,。,例句：,He is but a boy.,他不过是个孩子。,另外，,but,还可作介词，意为,“,除,之外,”,。,例句：,We can do nothing but wait.,我们只能等。,however,是一个副词，可放在句首、句中或句尾，须用逗号跟句子其他部分分开。,例句：,Lily got up very early this morning.However,，,she still came late for the heavy traffic.,莉莉今天早晨起得很早，然而，由于塞车她还是迟到了。,另外，,however,还可表示,“,无论如何，不管怎样,”,。,例句：,However hard the task may be,，,we must finish it on time.,不管任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成。,(2)although,与,while,although,是连词，意为,“,虽然，尽管，然而,”,。在英语里如果用了,although,或,though,，就不能再用,but,，但可以用,yet,或,still,。,例句：虽然他身体不好，但是他工作努力。,误,Although he is in poor health,，,but he works hard.,正,Although(,或,Though)he is in poor health,，,(yet)he works hard.,正,He is in poor health,，,but he works hard.,although,与,though,的用法有区别。,although,较正式，多用于句首。,though,在非正式语体中较为普遍，但在下列用法中，不能用,although,，要用,though,。,a,表示强调时要用,even though,。,例句：,Even though I didn,t understand a word,，,I kept smiling.,尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。,b,though,可以用在倒装句中。,例句：,Young though he is,，,he is quite experienced.,他虽然年轻，但很有经验。,c,though,可作副词，表示,“,然而放在句末或其他位置。,例句：,He said he would come.He didn,t,，,though.,他说他要来，结果却没来。,while,是连词，可表示时间，意为,“,当,的时候，和,同时,”,。,a,表示对比，意为,“,而，然而,”,。,例句：,Some people respect him,，,while others despise him.,有些人尊敬他，然而也有些人轻视他。,b,表示让步，意为,“,虽然，尽管,”,(,although),。,例句：,While I sympathize,，,I can,t really do very much to help.尽管我很同情，但我实在帮不了什么。,c,表示条件，意为,“,只要,”,(,as long as),。,例句：,There will be life while there is water and air.,只要有水和空气就会有生命。,【,链接训练,】,I thought wed be late for the concert _ we ended up getting there ahead of time.,A,but B,Or C,so D,for,【,解析,】,考查转折连词的用法。句意为：我原以为我们去音乐会会迟到，结果我们竟提前到了。前后两个分句之间的逻辑关系为语义转折，故选,but,。,or,表示选择关系；,so,，,for,表因果关系，根据句意应选,A,。,【,答案,】,A,Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _ it means standing in a queue all night.,A,so that B,however,C,even though D,as if,【,解析,】,even though,在句中引导让步状语从句，意为,“,即使，尽管,”,，句意为：罗德决定要去买音乐会的票，即使这意味着要排一整夜的队。,【,答案,】,C,_ the Internet is of great help,I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.,A,If B,While,C,Because D,As,【,解析,】,考查状语从句的从属连词。句意为：尽管因特网用途巨大，但我认为在网上花费太多的时间并不好。,while,引导让步状语从句相当于,although,，故选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,We had to wait half an hour _ we had already booked a table.,A,since B,although,C,until D,before,【,解析,】,考查连词辨析。做该类型的题目关键是看两个分句间的关系。,“,我们等了半个小时,”,和,“,我们早已预定了餐桌,”,之间是转折关系，故选,although,。,although,引导让步状语从句，意为,“,虽然，尽管,”,。干扰项,since,有,“,既然,”,之意，表示因果关系，故应排除；,until,意为,“,直到,”,；,before,意为,“,在,之前,”,，均与题意不符。,【,答案,】,B,Faced with the exams,，,we should work as hard as we can._,，,we shouldnt do it at the cost of our health.,A,Therefore B,However,C,Moreover D,Furthermore,【,解析,】,句意为：面临着考试，我们应当努力学习。尽管如此，我们不能以牺牲我们的健康为代价。,however,“,尽管如此,”,，符合题意。,therefore,“,因此，所以,”,；,moreover,“,此外；而且,”,；,furthermore,“,进一步说,”,。,【,答案,】,B,