高考英语一轮复习 Module8 Unit 3 The world of colours and light课件 牛津译林版(湖南专用) 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Module8Unit 3,The world of colours and light,1,、,calculate,vt.,计算；估计，推算，推测,be calculated to do/for sth.,旨在，打算做某事,It is calculated that,据计算,calculate on/upon,depend/rely on,指望，期待,It is calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year.,据计算，去年至少丧失了,47000,个工作岗位。,This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives.,这个广告是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的。,We cant calculate on having fine weather for the sports meeting.,我们不指望有好天气开运动会。,我们能指望他们的帮助吗？,_,Can we calculate on their help?,2,、,commit,v.,犯罪，承诺，委托，托付,They committed outrages on innocent citizens.,他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行。,commit suicide,自杀,commit to writing,记录下来,commit oneself to,委身于，专心致志于,commit himself,He would not _ in any way.,他不愿做出任何承诺。,3,、,reward,n.,报答，赏金，报酬,An act of kindness deserves a reward.,做好事，当然要有报答。,By rights,half the reward should be mine.,按理说，有一半奖赏应该是我的。,You have received a just reward.,你已得到了应有的报酬。,vt.,奖赏，给,报酬,They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.,他们奖给优胜者一些水果和鲜花。,award,reward,这两个动词均有“给予奖励”之意。,award,侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。,reward,指对品德高尚或勤劳的人所给予的奖励。也可指为某事付酬金。,deserves a reward,She _ for her efforts.,她积极努力，应得到奖赏。,4,、,spray,v.,喷雾，喷射，扫射,n.,喷雾，喷雾器,He sprayed paint on the wall.,他把漆喷在墙上。,We should spray some hairspray on your hair.,我们应该喷些发胶在你的头发上。,Please spray some water on the flower.,请给花洒些水。,The gangsters sprayed the car with machine gun bullets.,匪徒们用机枪狂扫汽车。,A cloud of fine spray came up from the waterfall.,瀑布溅起一片水雾。,with spray,We parked the car by the sea and it got covered,.,我们把汽车停在海边，结果车上全是水沫。,5,、,abandon,vt.,完全放弃；离弃；抛弃,n.,放任，狂热,The sailors abandoned the burning ship.,航员们放弃了那艘着火的船。,The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.,那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。,abandoned adj.,堕落的，放纵的；被遗弃的,abandonment n.,放弃,abandoner n.,放弃者；,【,律,】,遗弃者,abandon oneself to,沉湎于；纵情于,abandon,的含义是失去控制，或丧失了占有的能力，或,“,放弃,”,某物而不准备再要了。强调,“,完全、永远地遗弃,”,，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物。,desert,的含义是,“,过去占有过,”,或,“,过去是伙伴,”,。狭义地讲，这个词指,“,抛弃自己的义务,”,，强调,“,违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等,”,。,forsake,通常表示与某人或某物脱离联系，指,“,遗弃某人以前所爱的人或物,”,，强调,“,断绝情感上的依恋,”,。,quit,强调,“,突然或不愿意地弃去,”,，常指,“,停止,”,。,give up,强调指,“,没有希望或因外界压力而放弃,”,。,以下动词或短语的一般含义是“,丢弃,”，区别如下：,D,句意：他姐姐抛弃她丈夫和,3,个孩子去荷兰定居。,abandon,表示“完全、永远地抛弃”。,His sister _ her husband and three children and went to live in Holland.,A.gave up B.quitted,C.stopped D.abandoned,deserted,The soldier _ his country and helped the enemy.,那个士兵叛国助敌。,quitted,She _ her job她放弃了自己的工作。,forsake,She pleaded with her husband not to _ her.,她恳求丈夫不要抛弃她。,given the dog up,We had,at last.,最后我们当那只狗已经走失了，而不再存有希望。,abandoned,She _ her child.,她遗弃了她的孩子。,1,、,cut up,切碎；使受苦,His mother has to cut up all the food for him.,他的妈妈不得不为他将所有的食物切碎。,Jean was really cut up when her husband left her.,在丈夫抛弃她之后，简痛苦极了。,cut in,插嘴，插队,cut off,切断，使隔绝,cut out,裁剪出；截短；停止,cut down,砍倒；缩短,cut back,截短,cut away,砍掉,The secretary _(,打断,)to tell Mr Brown that he was wanted on the phone.,cut in,2,、,make sth.out of sth.,用某材料做成某物,be made(out)of/make sth.out of,由,制成,make sth.out of,与,make sth.of,的意思相同。,make sth.out of,常用于口语。,The box is made out of cedarwood.,这盒子是用杉木做的。,They make bottles out of glass.,他们用玻璃做瓶子。,make sth.out,开具，填写,(,表格或文件,),make out that,从句,/wh,主张，声张,/,分清,make up for sth.,弥补,make ends meet,使收支平衡,make excuses,制造借口,make a fool of sb.,愚弄某人,make fun of,嘲弄；拿,开玩笑,This years good harvest will _ last years bad one.,A.make into B.make up for,C.make it D.make out for,B,make up for,弥补,He made himself _ be a millionaire.,A.out to B.up for,C.to D.out for,A,make sb.out to be sth.,把某人说成,1,、,Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.,第二天早晨我们刚离开宿舍，就想起把地图落在房间里了。,此句含有句型：,hardlywhen“,一,就,”,，由于,hardly,位于句首，用倒装语序。正常语序是,We had hardly left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.hardlywhen,这种句式主句常用过去完成时，,when,引导的从句常用一般过去时。,hardly,置于句首时，主句用倒装语序。该句式中,hardly,可以改成,scarcely,。,I had hardly/scarcely closed my eyes when the telephone rang.,我刚合上眼，电话铃就响了。,Hardly/Scarcely had he arrived when he had to leave again.,他刚一到达，又不得不离开。,(1)no soonerthan,用法与之相似。,No sooner had he finished his homework than the light went out.,他一做完作业，灯就熄了。,(2),以,never,seldom,little,barely,not until,nowhere,by no means,等否定词放在句首时，句子一般采用倒装形式。,Little do I know about French.,对于法语我知之甚少。,Nowhere in the world can you find such a beautiful place.,你在世界上任何地方都找不到如此漂亮的地方。,Little _ that we were watching his every move,so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.,A.he realized B.he didnt realize,C.didnt he realize D.did he realize,D,little,是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装。,2,、,Had you come with us,I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too.,如果你们和我们一起来了，我保证你们也会在欧洲玩得很开心的。,本句是一个省略了连词,if,，含有虚拟语气的倒装句，该句的完整语序是：,If you had come with us,I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too.,在虚拟语气的条件句中，若含有助动词,should,，,had,或连系动词,were,时，可以把连词,if,省略，且把,should,，,had,或,were,倒装到主语的前面。,Had he come last night,he would have met his sister at home.,昨晚要是他回来了，他就会在家见到他妹妹了。,Should he visit me tomorrow,I would buy him a bicycle.,他若是明天来我就买一辆自行车给他。,Were he you,I think he would lend his computer to me.,若他是你，我认为他就会把他的计算机借给我了。,【,注意,】,在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说,Were I not to do,而不能说,Werent I to do,。,Were I not to come tomorrow,I would send you an email to let you know.,如果明天我不来，我就发邮件告诉你。,_ tomorrow,we would have to put off the sports meet.,A.Were it rain B.Should it rain,C.Would it rain D.Will it rain,B,句意：如果明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟运动会。与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，省略,if,，把,should,提到了句首。,1.that I had done,考查定语从句。先行词是“,all”,的时候，定语从句只能由“,that”,引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时。,1.My mother was so proud of all,(,我所做的,)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do),(2010,湖北,),2.B,句意：放弃我的工作重新参加全职教育是一个很大的投入，但现在我知道这是我曾经做出的最好的决定了。,project,工程；项目；,commitment,投入；奉献；承诺；,competition,竞争；比赛；,ambition,雄心；志向。,2,Giving up my job to go back to fulltime education was a big _,，,but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.(2011,湖北,),A.project B.commitment,C.competition D.ambition,怎样写好说明文,一、说明文的概述,说明文,(Exposition),是介绍、说明客观事物的一种文体。它主要说明这种事物的形态、性质、成因、构造、功能等特征。它只是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、作出证明。一般说来，知识简介、商品介绍、游览手册、科技读物、工作总结、实验报告等，都属说明文之列。,写说明文应该目的明确、材料准确翔实、语言简练。写作方法上，可以按事物的时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写。也可以采取举例、比较、下定义等方法。,1,说明文写作注意事项,(1),限制要说明的事物和范围，比如写一篇题为“,The Progress in English Study”,的说明文，就必须引用一些实例来说明。由于题目要求写英语学习方面的进步，就不能列举其他学科的成绩。,(2),有足够多的、确切的例子阐述论证。如写“,Our Head Teacher”,的说明文时，必须选用一些具体的事例，如老师如何备课，课堂上怎样使学生在活跃的气氛中学习以及课后的辅导等。选例时不宜太多，否则会给人以堆砌例证、罗列现象之感，但也不要一篇文章只选一例，因为即使事例较典型，若只选一例其说服力也不够有力。,(3),用正确、恰当的顺序摆出事实、观点，对选出的典型事例要进行合理的安排，主次分明。,(4),尽可能使说明的内容有趣、生动，选用典型、新颖的素材，吸引读者。,2,说明文的结构,说明文的写作结构应遵循引子、正文、结束语,3,部分的要求。引子部分点出主题，正文部分引证说明主题，结束语部分重申一下主题，以起到强调的效果。,二、写作模板,第一段：总体介绍,(,包括要说明事物的外貌、特点、性能等,),。例如：,Senior high school students are having a new course called General Technology.,第二段：具体说明，可列举一些典型事例。例如：,All Senior Two students should learn such a course,by which students can achieve a lot.First,Second,第三段：总结评价,(,包括喜爱、夸赞等情感,),。例如：,They enjoy it mainly because the course is closely related to everyday life.,三、典例分析,1,试题要求,从去年开始，高中学生有了一门新的课程,通用技术,(General Technology),。请你给某英文报纸写一份不少于,120,词的通讯稿，介绍这一课程及其实施情况。内容要点如下：,(1),对象：高二学生,(2),目的：培养基本技能，提高设计能力,(3),要求：能使用不同类型的常见工具，修理、设计和制作一些物品。,毕业前通过书面测试。,(4),同学们的反响、体会或评价。,2,内容分析,这篇习作要求考生写一则通讯稿，内容是介绍,通用技术,这一新课程及其实施情况。在体裁上它属于一篇说明文。题干已经清楚地说明了写作的基本要求，考生可以在阐述这些要点的同时适当地加以拓展，从而将,通用技术,这一新课程的开设对象、开设目的、开设要求及开设的效果得以明晰。,注意事项：,写作的内容应充实丰富；,使用现在时态叙述；,注意主动句、被动句，简单句和复杂句式的综合运用，以提高作文的档次。,3,佳作赏析,Senior high school students are having a new course called General Technology.The new course,with the purpose of developing their basic skills and improving their design ability,is taught for Senior Two students.,General Technology is expected to have students learn to use different kinds of common tools.Therefore,they are supposed to be able to repair,design and make some little things with the help of what they have learned.Meanwhile,they ought to pass the written test before graduation.,Most students are extremely interested in the knowledge and abilities they have acquired from the new course,since what are taught in the course are what they really want to obtain in reality.,4,满分揭秘,该篇作文结构紧凑，开头一段说明,通用技术,这一新课程的开办目的和开办对象，第二段重点说明学生的学习要求，最后说明同学们对该课程的反响和体会。全文运用了大量的长句，这是其一大亮点，作者注意到主动句和被动句的综合运用，使语言极富变化，这些无疑都使该文成为一篇成功之作。,反意疑问句,反意疑问句是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是个省略句，附在陈述部分之后，并用逗号与陈述部分隔开,(,主语一般用相应的代词,),；有时这种问句并没有反意疑问句的意味，而是提出一个事实上听话人承认的问题。所以，人们统称为附加疑问句,(Tag Questions),。,反意疑问句,附加疑问句主要是由“陈述句 附加疑问”构成，附加疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词相对应，附加疑问部分的主语要与陈述部分的主语相对应，如果陈述部分的主语是名词词组，则附加疑问部分用相应的代词表示。,一、反意疑问句的类型,附加疑问句的类型为：陈述句 反意附加疑问。该类型又可以分为以下两种情况阐述：,1,当陈述句为肯定式时，附加疑问句用否定形式，即肯定的陈述句否定的附加疑问句。,Its very hot today,isnt it?,Yes,it is.,今天天气很热，不是吗？,是的，很热。,That clock is slow,isnt it?,Yes,it is.,这钟很慢，不是吗？,是的，它是。,You want to get your TV set back,dont you?,Yes,I do.,您想把您的电视机拿回来，不是吗？,是的，我是这样想的。,2,当陈述句用否定式时，附加疑问句用肯定形式，即否定的陈述句肯定的附加疑问句。,It isnt very hot today,is it?,今天不是很热，是吗？,That clock isnt slow,is it?,这钟不是很慢，是吗？,注意,：这一类型的附加疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就要用,yes,，事实是否定的，就要用,no,，这与汉语不一样，应特别注意。,She isnt a teacher,is she?,她不是教师，是吗？,Yes,she is.,不，她是。,No,she isnt.,是的，她不是。,二、附加疑问句的构成,1,当陈述部分的主语是,everybody,everyone,someone,no one,nobody,somebody,等指人的合成词时，附加疑问部分的主语在正式语体中通常用,he,，在非正式文体中则往往用,they,。,Nobody likes to lose money,does he?,没有人愿意赔钱，不是吗？,Everyone enjoyed the party,didnt they/he?,每个人都很喜欢这个舞会，不是吗？,2,当陈述部分的主语是,everything,anything,something,nothing,等指物的合成词时，附加疑问部分的主语只能用,it,。,Nothing is difficult,is it?,没什么难的事情，不是吗？,Everything seems all right,doesnt it?,所有的事情都顺利，不是吗？,3,当陈述部分是,there,引起时，附加疑问部分的主语也用,there,。,There is a boat on the river,isnt there?,河上有一只船，不是吗？,There stands a house and a lot of trees,doesnt there?,那有一座房子还有一些树，不是吗？,4,当陈述部分含有,seldom,hardly,scarcely,no,not,never,rarely,few,little,nothing,nobody,nowhere,等否定词或半否定词，附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。,Nobody phoned while I was out,did they?,当我在外面的时候没有人来电话，是吗？,Few people know him,do they?,几乎没有人认识他，是吗？,He has never been to Beijing,has he?,他从来没有去过北京，是吗？,5,当陈述部分含有,un,，,in,，,im,，,il,，,ir,，,dis,等否定前缀或,less,等否定后缀构成的派生词时，附加疑问则用否定形式。,Its unfair,isnt it?,那不公平，不是吗？,She dislikes it,doesnt she?,她不喜欢它，不是吗？,6,当陈述部分含有,no one,nobody,none,nothing,neither,等作动词的宾语时，附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。,He has nothing to say,does(nt)he?,他没什么可说的，是吗？,You got nothing from him,did(nt)you?,你从他那什么都没得到，是吗？,湖南高考单选中反意疑问句隔年考一题，总计,1,分。,除了“基本用法”中涉及的，下面总结,11,种特殊的反意疑问句用法：,1,祈使句：祈使句后一般加上,will you,或,wont you,构成反意疑问句，用,will you,多表示“请求”，用,wont you,多表示提醒对方注意。,2,感叹句：感叹句后加反意疑问句时，其反意疑问句需用,be,的一般现在时态的否定形式。,3,当陈述部分谓语动词是,need,dare,used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时，其反意疑问句需用,do,的适当形式。,4,陈述部分主、谓语是,I am,时，反意疑问句用,arent I,或,aint I,而不是,am not I(,可用,am I not),。,5,陈述部分的主语是,everything,等不定代词指物、指示代词,this,或,that,时，反意疑问句的主语用,it,，当陈述部分的主语是,everybody,不定代词指人、指示代词,these,或,those,时，其反意疑问句的主语用,they,。,6,当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式,(,短语,),、动词,ing,形式时，反意疑问句的主语应该用,it,。,7,当陈述部分含,I think(believe,，,suppose)that,结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。,8,have(has),不是表示“有”的意思，并在句中作谓语时，其反意疑问句的助动词要用,do,does,did,。,9,陈述部分有,have to,时，其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。,10,陈述部分有,had better,时，其反意疑问句要用,hadnt,。,11,当陈述部分含有情态动词,must,时，我们最好分析一下,must,的含义。如果,must,作“一定；要；必须”讲，反意疑问句须用,mustnt,或,neednt,；而当,must,作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时，反意疑问句则需根据,must,后的动词原形选相应的形式。,1.Alice,you feed the bird today,_,？,But I fed it yesterday.,A.do you B.will you,C.didnt you D.dont you,B,此题容易误选,D,。认为这是一个普通的反意疑问句此题的下文语境“,But I fed it yesterday”(,但是我昨天才喂过鸟,),很重要，它表明上文是在要求对方喂鸟。另外，前一句中的称呼语,Alice,也是一个重要的信息，联系此信息和下文语境，我们可断定,you feed the bird today,是一个带有主语的祈使句，所以此题的最佳答案应是,B,。,2.I dont like him,_,？,No,I dont at all.,A.do I B.do you,C.dont I D.does she,B,此题容易误选,A,，认为这是一个普通的反意疑问句：陈述部分主语为,I,，疑问部分主语也应是,I,；陈述部分为否定式，所以疑问部分要用肯定式。做此题的关键是要看下文的语境，下文说“,No,I dont at all.”(,不，我一点也不喜欢,),，这表明前一句是在询问对方的看法，所以此题的最佳答案应是,B,，它是,do you like him,的省略形式，全句意为“我不喜欢他，你呢,(,你喜欢他吗,),？”,