高考英语一轮复习 专题8 情态动词和虚拟语气课件 人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气,情态动词,一、情态动词,定义：情态动词是一种本身具有一定词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用的词。它给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。,二、情态动词的特点,情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加,“,not,”,。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属于非及物动词，故没有被动语态。,三、情态动词的语法特征,(1,）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。,(2,）情态动词除,ought,和,have,外，后面只能接不带,to,的不定式。,(3,）情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即其第三人称单数不加,s,。,(4,）情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式，分词形式，也没有相应的动名词。,四、情态动词的基本用法,情态动词,用法,例句,can,和,could,表示能力,He can speak English better than you.,表示请求,或允诺,?,You can have the book when I have finished it.,Could you come again tomorrow?,表示客观可能性,Accidents can happen on such raing days.,表示猜测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度）,Can this green bike be Liu Dongs?,may,和,might,表示请求和允许,He may come if he likes.,表示猜测、可能性（不用于疑问句）,It may rain this evening.Youd better take an umbrella.,must,表示必须,She must come and look after the child.,否定式,must not(mustnt),表示“禁止”；,neednt/dont have to,表示“不必”,Must we finish the work tomorrow?,No,you neednt(dont have to),but you must finish it in three days.,You mustnt touch the fire.,表示推测,They must have heard the news.,have to,表示必须，是一种客观需要,I had to give it up because of illness.,ought to,表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.,表示推测,(,客观推测,),He ought to be home by now.,dare,常用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中,Dared he break the traffic regulations again,？,在疑问句或否定句中，可接带,to,或不带,to,的不定式,She doesn,t dare to stay at home alone at night.,need,常用于否定句和疑问句中,He needn,t worry about us now.,shall,用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、强制、威胁或允诺,He shall go first,whether he wants to or not.,用于第一人称，表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示,Shall I open the door?,should,表示“建议”或“劝告”，有“应该”之意,You should learn from each other.,表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”,I,m amazed that Mr.Harris should have said nothing about the matter.,will,表示意志决心,I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen.,在疑问句中,用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium?,表示一种习惯性的动作，含有“总是”或“会要”之意,Every morning he will have a walk along this river.,would,表示意志和决心,He promised he would never smoke again.,在疑问句中,用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，比,will,的语气更加委婉,Would you like some more coffee?,表示过去的习惯动作，没有“现已无此习惯”的含义,During the vacation he would visit me every week.,表示估计和猜想,It would be about ten when he left home.,【,考点一,】,考查表示能力的情态动词,情态动词,can,和,could,可以表示能力；,be able to do,强调设法成功完成某一具体动作,(,相当于,manage to do/succeed in doing),。,If it were not for the fact that she cant sing,I would invite her to the party.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.,A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could,解析,:,选,C,。考查情态动词。,have to,不得不；,would,表示意愿或过去常常；,could,倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力；,be able to,表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。根据句意，选,C,。,【,考点二,】,考查表示请求或允诺的情态动词,(1),向对方提出建议时用：,Shall/May/Might/Can/Could I/we.?Shall he/she/they.?Would/Will you.?,(2)could/might/would/should,表示委婉的语气,其肯定回答时不用,could/might,表示，用,may/can;,否定回答时用,cant/mustnt,。,Could/May I use your bicycle tomorrow morning?,Yes,you can/may.,Shall he come to see you?,Of course,please.And Id rather he told me the truth.,【,考点三,】,考查情态动词表示推测的用法,表猜测的时态,结构,例句,将来情况,的推测,情态动词,+,动词原形,She must/may/might/could arrive before 5.,I cant be at home this Friday.,Can he come to my party next Friday,？,现在或一,般情况的推测,情态动词,+,动词原形,/,情态动词,+be doing/,情态动词,+be,Hemust/may/might/could be listening to the radio now.,He cant(couldnt)/may(might)not be at home at this time.,Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can(could)he be late for the opening ceremony?,过去情况,的推测,情态动词,+have+,过去分词,It must/may/might/could have rained last night.The ground is wet.,The door was locked.He can(could)not/may(might)not have been at home.,Can/Could he have gotten the book?,注意：,1.,在肯定句中一般用,might,may,和,must,；否定句中用,might not,may not,couldnt,和,cant;,疑问句中用,could,和,can,。,can,还可用于肯定句中表示客观的或理论的可能性。,2.might,could,并非,may,can,的过去式，它们表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。,Accidents can happen on such rainy days.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,Sorry,Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.,A.might B.should C.can D.will,解析,:,选,A,。,might have done(,过去,),可能做过某事；,should have done,本应该做某事。根据句中提供的情境表明,说话人可能把闹钟关上了。,【,考点四,】,考查情态动词表示责备、批评、抱怨,形式,含义,例句,may/might/can/could have done,过去本来可以,，而实际上没有,He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy.,Did you listen to the speech?,No,we could have attended it.But we were ill.,should have done,过去本来应该,，而实际上没有,The plant is dead.Maybe I should have given it more water.,ought to,have done,过去本该,，而未,You ought to have given him more help.,neednt have done,本不必,，却,Mr Smith didnt come last night,did he?,No.We neednt have waited for him.,had better(not),have done,用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，表示“本应该做而没有做”,You had better have started earlier.,You had better not have scolded her.,would rather(not),have done,表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，肯定形式与否定形式均表示“后悔”之意,I would rather have taken his advice.I would rather not have told him the truth.,注意：,didnt need to do sth.,表示没有必要做某事其实也没有做。,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.,A.should have taken B.could have taken,C.neednt have taken D.Mustnt have taken,解析,:,选,C,。,should have done,本应该做而实际上没做；,could have done,表示对过去的假设，意为“本来能够做某事而没有做”,;neednt have done,本不需要做却做了；,must have done,通常用于肯定句，故,D,项排除。根据句子语境可知，选,C,。,【,考点五,】,考查,would rather,的用法,(1)would rather do sth.,意为“宁可,(,愿,)”,(2)would rather do sth.than do sth.,宁可（愿）,（而）不要（愿）,；与其,不如,可改写成“,would do sth.rather than do sth.”,。,(3)would rather+,从句（虚拟语气）表示“宁愿，但愿,”,。用一,般过去时表示现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示已经做过的事或过去要做的事。,I would rather you had stayed with us yesterday,but you left.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,_,he is well.,But I would rather to see him yesterday.,A.Personally;go,B.Personally;have gone,C.As far as I am concerned;/,D.As far as I am concerned;went解析,:,选,B,。“,would rather,动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况，再根据,would rather,后跟虚拟语气的用法和句子语境可知，选,B,。,【,考点六,】,考查,used to,的用法,used to,表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句中，其变化形式如下：,句式,形式,例句,疑问句,Did sb.use to,Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?,Used sb.to do,Used you to go to the same school as your brother?,否定句,usednt to do,I usednt to go there.,didnt use to do,I didnt use to go there.,否定,疑问句,Usednt sb.to,Usednt you to be interested in the theatre?,Didnt sb.use to,Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre?,【,考点七,】,考查情态动词的其他用法,must,表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦，意为“偏要，非得”。,cant but do sth./cant help/choose but do sth.,意为“不得不做某事，只好做某事”。,may well+,动词原形，表示“完全能，很可能”，相当于,be likely to do sth.,。,may as well+,动词原形，表示“最好；满可以；倒不如”。,cant(never,等否定词,),与,enough,连用，表示“再,也不为过”，相当于“,cant.too.”,。,may,可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿。,Just as I was sitting down to supper,the telephone must ring.,Since he cant win the race,he may as well quit.虚拟语气,定义：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,【,考点一,】,考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的基本用法,时间,从句,主句,例句,与现,在事,实相,反的,假设,一般过,去时,（,be,用,were,）,would/should,/could/might,/ought to+,动,词原形,If they were here,they would help you.,If we had enough money,we would buy a computer.,If I were you,I wouldnt do it.,If it rained tomorrow,wed stay at home.,It would be odd if she were awarded the first prize.,与过,去事,实相,反的,假设,过去完,成时,should/would/could/might+have+,过去,分词,If he had come yesterday,I should have told him about it.,If I had been in her position,，,Id have quit.,If the weather hadnt been so bad,we might have gone out.,I should never have done it if I hadnt been so hard up.,对将来,不大可,能发生,的事情,的假想,一般,过去,时,should/would/,could/might/,ought to+,动词原形,If you succeeded,everything would be all right.,If they invited me,I would certainly attend it.,If he went,would you go too?,与将,来事,实相,反的,假设,were+,不定式,should+,动词原形,一般过去时,should/would/,could/might/,ought to+,动词原形,If she were to lose her place they would be ruined.,If you were to speak to him,it would carry more weight.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,If the weather had been better,，,we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day.,A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining,解析,:,选,A,。句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气；“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。,【,考点二,】,考查含蓄虚拟条件句,这样的虚拟句不含有,if,从句，而是以,but for/without/or/otherwise,等引导的句子代替,if,从句，主句谓语动词的形式与虚拟语气的基本用法相同。,But for your help/Without your help,we couldnt have finished the task ahead of time.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_ it without you.,A.can manage B.could have managed,C.could managed D.can have managed,解析,:,选,B,。由语境可知，这里要表达的意思是“如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。”这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用,could have done,。,【,考点三,】,考查主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句,虚拟条件句中，主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。,从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。,从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。,从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。,If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.,If he knew her,he would have greeted her.,If it had not been raining too much,the crops would be growing much better.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,，,at the age of seven,，,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.,A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen,C.should fall D.were to fall,解析,:,选,B,。句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的,Melinda Cox,图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。,【,考点四,】,考查省略非真实条件句中的,if,当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有,were,should,had,时,if,可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将,were,should,had,等词置于句首。,Were he to leave today,he would get there by Friday.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,_ fired,your health care and other benefits will not be cut off.,A.Would you be B.Should you be C.Could you be D.May you be,解析,:,选,B,。分析句意可知，空格处表示条件关系。当条件从句谓语动词中含有,were,should,had,时，将其移至句首，省略,if,，句子结构为省略倒装结构。故选,B,。此处相当于,:If you should be,。,【,考点五,】,考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气,在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等动词或名词（,suggest,demand,order,require,insist,propose,advise,suggestion,advice,proposal,等）的名词性从句和在,it,作形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是,necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame,等表示“惊奇、惋惜或理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“,should+,动词原形”，其中,should,可以省略。,He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.,It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off until next week.,It is strange that he(should)have acted towards his parents like that.,【,即学即练,】,单项填空,Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York,？,I agree,，,but the problem is _he has refused to.,A.will not be sent,；,that,B.not be sent,；,that,C.should not be sent,；,what,D.should not send,；,what,解析,:,选,B,。上半句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗？句意表示理应如此的含意。,【,考点六,】,考查其他虚拟语气,(1)wish,后面接宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用“,had+,动词过去分词”；表示将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用“,should/would+,动词原形”。,注意：,if only,与,as if/though,用法相同。,I wish I knew the answer.(,与现在事实相反,),I wish I had known the answer.(,与过去事实相反,),I wish you would shut up.(,与将来事实相反,),(2)If only,引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气，表示愿望；用过去时或“,would/could+,动词原形表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。,If only I were taller.(,与现在事实相反,),If only he had followed your advice!(,与过去事实相反,),If only the rain would stop.(,与将来事实相反,),(3)It is(high/about)time that sb.did sth./should do sth.,从句中谓语动词常用过去形式，有时也用“,should+,动词原形”，意为“该是,的时候了”。,It is time you thought about your future.,(4)would rather,后面接从句时表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。,I would rather you didnt speak rudely to her.(,与现在事实相反,),Id rather you hadnt spoken rudely to her.(,与过去事实相反,),(5),在,lest/in case/for fear that.,引导的目的状语从句，若用虚拟语气，谓语动词用,(should)+,动词原形。,He took his umbrella lest it should rain.,1.Jack described his father,who a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.,（,2010,安徽）,A.would be B.would have been C.must be D.must have been,解析：选,D,。句意为：杰克把多年前曾是勇敢男孩的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人。,must have been,表示对过去事情的肯定推测。,2.You _ buy a gift,but you can if you want to.,（,2010,湖南）,A.must B.Mustnt C.have to D.dont have to,解析：选,D,。,dont have to,意为“没有必要”，符合语境。句意为：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。,3.I have told you the truth._ I keep repeating it?,（,2010,江西）,A.Must B.Can C.May D.Will,解析：选,A,。,must,必须；一定；,can,可以,能够；,may,也许；,will,将要。句意为：我已经告诉你事实了,我还必须重复一遍吗？,4.I _ have watched that movie-itll give me horrible dreams.,（,2010,山东）,A.shouldnt B.neednt C.couldnt D.mustnt,解析：选,A,。句意为：我本来不应该看那部电影,它会使我做噩梦的。表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用,shouldnt have done,所以,A,项正确。,5.Mark _ have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.,（,2010,天津）,A.neednt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.couldnt,解析：选,A,。句意为：迈克本来不必要那么急的，这么高速驾驶之后，他提前了半个小时到达。用,neednt have done,结构，表示本来不必要做某事而实际上做了”。,6._ I take the book out?,Im afraid not.,（,2010,四川）,A.Will B.May C.Must D.Need,解析：选,B,。表示请求可用情态动词,can,may,could,might,表示允许用,can,may,。句意为：,我可以将这本书带出去吗？,恐怕不行。故应选表示请求的情态动词,may,。,7.Just be patient.You _ expect the world to change so soon.,（,2010,全国,）,A.cant B.neednt C.may not D.will not解析：选,A,。考查情态动词。,cant,不可能；,neednt,没有必要；,may not,可能不,;will not,将不会。句意为：要耐心。你不能期望世界会这么快地改变。,8.I havent got the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.,Dont worry.You _ have it by Friday.,（,2010,江苏）,A.could B.shall C.must D.may,解析：选,B,。,could,能够；,must,必须,;may,也许；可以。,shall,在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告，符合语境。,9.May I take this book out of the reading room?,No,you _.You read it in here.,（,2010,陕西）,A.mightnt B.wont C.neednt D.mustnt,解析：选,D,。考查情态动词。,could,，,might,表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定回答要用,can,或,may,来代替,could,或,might,；,may,或,might,表示征求意见的问句中，否定回答用,mustnt,，故选,D,。,10.Im afraid Mr.Harding _ see you now.Hes busy.,（,2010,全国,）,A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt,解析：选,A,。考查情态动词。句意为：恐怕,Harding,先生现在不可能见你，他很忙。,cant,用于疑问或否定句中表推测。,11.Doctors say that exercise is important for health,but it _ be regular exercise.,（,2010,辽宁）,A.can B.will C.must D.may,解析：选,C,。考查情态动词。句意为：医生说锻炼对身体健康重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。,can,表示“可能；能力”；,will,表示“愿意”；,may,表示“可能”；,must,表示“必须”。由句意可知，选,C,。,12.Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.,Ah,good morning.You _ be Mrs.Peters.,（,2010,北京）,A.might B.must C.would D.can,解析：选,B,。根据语境，双方应是事先预约好的，所以双方都明确彼此的身份，故用,must,表示“一定”。,13.“You _ have a wrong number,”she said.“Theres no one of that name here.”,（,2010,浙江）,need B.can C.must D.would,解析：选,C,。,need,需要；,can,能，可以；,must,一定，必须；,would,要，会。由语境可知，空格处的词对目前的情况作出肯定判断。,14.Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.,Oh,you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.,（,2010,上海）,Amust B.mustnt C.should D.shouldnt,解析：选,C,。根据语境可知，此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用,should have done,表示本来应该做，而未做。,15.Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he_.,（,2010,安徽）,A.was busy B.is busy,C.had been busy D.will be busy,解析：选,A,。前半句表示对过去的虚拟，而,but,之后表示过去的客观事实，故用一般过去时态。,16.If he _ my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.,（,2010,湖南）,A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow,解析：选,C,。选,C,。根据“,wouldnt have lost”,可判断,if,引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反。,17.John went to the hospital alone.,If he _ me about it,I would have gone with him.,（,2010,天津）,A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told,解析：选,D,。答句句意为：如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。前一句是陈述语气，说明动作发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是,would have gone,说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，与之对应的从句结构，应该用,had+,过去分词。,18.If we _ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.,（,2010,陕西）,A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken,解析：选,B,。考查虚拟语气。根据主句的谓语动词,might have arrived,可知，本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以,if,条件句中应该用,had过去分词形式。,19.Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy _.,（,2010,浙江）,A.would have been saved B.had been saved,C.will be saved D.was saved,解析：选,A,。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了,if,的虚拟语气，原句为：,If I had known about this computer program,a huge amount of