高考英语一轮复习 第七讲 动词的时态和语态课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第七讲,动词的时态和语态,动词的时态,一、动词的基本形式,形式,原形,第三人称,变化规则,一般情况,以,ch,sh,s,x,结尾,构成方法,加,-s,加,-,es,例词,see,finish,teach,look,looks,write,writes,teachteaches,finishfinishes,guessguesses,mixmixes,单数形式 以,o,结尾,加,-,es,dodoes,gogoes,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾,变,y,为,i,，加,-,es,trytries,crycries,形式,变化规则,构成方法,例词,过去式过,去分词规,则变化,一般情况,加,-ed,staystayed,looklooked,以不发音,e,结尾,直接加,-d,decidedecided,hopehoped,以重读闭音节结尾，末尾,只有一个辅音字母,双 写末尾的辅,音字母再加,-ed,stopstopped,admitadmitted,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾,变,y,为,i,，加,-ed,carrycarried,trytried,现在分词,一般情况,加,-,ing,gogoing,readreading,以不发音,e,结尾,去,e,，再加,-,ing,havehaving,writewriting,以重读闭音节结尾，末尾,只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅,音 字 母 再 加,-,ing,cutcutting,runrunning,续表,时态,构成,常用时间状语,一般现在时,动词原形,(,第三人称单数,),always,usually,often,sometimes,every.,twice a week,等,一般过去时,动词过去式,yesterday,the day before yesterday,the other,day,last.,.ago,等,一般将来时,will(shall),动词原形,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next.,in.等,be going to,动词原形,be about to,动词原形,be to,动词原形,过去将来时,would,动词原形,多用于间接引语的宾语从句中,将来进行时,will(shall),be,现在分词,at eight(this time)tomorrow,等,现在进行时,am(is,are),现在分词,now,during these days,look,listen,等,过去进行时,was(were),现在分词,at eight(this time)yesterday,等,现在完成时,have(has),过去分词,already,just,yet,since.,for.,等,过去完成时,had,过去分词,by.,before.,等,现在完成进行时,have(has),been,现在分词,for.,since.,等,二、常用的,10,种动词时态的,构成及其常用时间状语一览表,三、注意以下几种时态的区别,1,一般过去时和现在完成时,(1),一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常与表过去,的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。如：,I went to swim yesterday.,昨天我去游泳了。,(2),现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影,响，与现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能与表,过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。如：,I have spent all of my money,so I have no money to buy a,ticket.,我已经花掉了所有的钱，所以我没钱买票了。,2,一,般过去时和过去进行时,(1),一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。如：,It rained heavily last night.,昨晚雨下的很大。,(2),过去进行时侧重于强调在过去某个特定时间某动作的持,续过程或表示动作正在进行。如：,It was raining cats and dogs last night.,昨晚一直在下倾盆大雨。,3,现,在完成时和现在完成进行时,(1),现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。如：I have read that book.,我已经读了那本书。,(2),现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延,续性。如：,I have been reading that book all the morning.,今天早上我一直在读那本书。,动词的语态,一、概念,动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示,主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：,全世界的人都在讲英语。,People speak English all over the world.(,主动语态,),English is spoken all over the world.(,被动语态),常用被,动语态,构成,常用被动语态,构成,一般现在时,am/is/are asked,现在完成时,have/has been asked,一般过去时,was/were asked,过去完成时,had been asked,一般将来时,will/shall be asked,过去将来时,should/would be asked,现在进行时,am/is/are being asked,过去将来完成时,should/would have been,asked,过去进行时,was/were being asked,含有情态动词,can/must/may.be asked,二、动词的被动语态构成以,ask,为例,),注意：,1,被,动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加,not,；,2,短,语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词；,3,固定结构,be going to,used to,have to,had better,变为被动,语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。,4,It is said/believed/supposed/reported that.,It is generally,considered that.,It is well-known that.,等，及,It must be,admitted/pointed out that.,等结构中的动词常以被动形式出现。,5,以,下主动形式常表被动意义：,The bike needs/wants/requires repairing.,这辆自行车需要修理。,The film is worth seeing.,这部电影值得看。,The door wont shut/open.,这门不能关,/,开。,The play wont act.,这部戏不能演。,The clothes wash well.,这件衣服很好洗。,The book sells well.,这本书很畅销。,The dish tastes delicious.,这道菜尝起来很美味。,6,以下单词或短语没有被动语态：,happen,appear,become,last,cost,occur,lack,fit,mean,join,equal,fail,enter,have,contain,belong to,take place,break out,come about,consist of,lose heart,keep up with,等。,