高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 第五讲 情态动词和虚拟语气课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第五讲,情态动词和虚拟语气,can,和,be able to,都可表能,tomorrow,？,中,),情态动词,一、情态动词基本用法一览表,情态动词,用法,例句,注意事项,can,could,表许可,(,和,may,可互换,),、能,力；表怀疑、猜测、可,能性,(,用,于否定和疑问句中,),；,could,可表比,can,更委婉的语气及,用于,虚拟语气,You can/may sit here.,He cant be sixty.,力，但,be able to,可表“终,Could you come again,于做成某事”，有时态的,变化,may,might,表 许 可,(,问 句 中 表 请 求，,May/Might I use your,be at,might,更委婉,),；表可能、或,bike?,许、猜测,(might,语气更加不,He may/might,肯定,),；表祝愿,(,用于倒装句,home.,May you succeed!,对,May.do.,？的,否定回答,用,mustnt/cant,对,May/Might.do.,？的否,定回答用,cant/might not,续表,情态动词,must,用法,表必须、应该,(,表主观要求,),；,表推测,(,用于肯定句,),，意为,“准是，一定”,例句,You must study hard.,She must be tired.,注意事项,否定式,mustnt,表“不准，,禁止”；对,Must.do.,？的,否定回答用,neednt/dont/,doesnt have to(,不必,),have to,意为“只好，不得不,(,客观的,必须,)”,，口语中也可用,have,(has)got to,Without help,I had to do have to,有时态和人称的变,it myself.,化,ought to,应当,(,表示义务或责任，口语,中多用,should),You ought to obey laws.,否定式,oughtnt,；疑问句,用,Ought.to do.,？,shall,用于一、三人称的疑问句，,表征询意见；用于二、三人,称，表示许诺、命令、警告,或表示说话人的决心等,should,Shall we go now?,The sign there reads,“No,person shall smoke here.”,You should learn from,表建议或劝告，意为“应,each other.,该”；本该,(,含有责备意味,)You should have given,him help.,情态动词,用法,例句,注意事项,will,would,表意志或决心；疑问句中用,于 第 二 人 称 表 请 求,(would,比较委婉,),He promised he would,never smoke again.,Will/Would you like,some tea,？,would,表示过去的习惯或,喜好，不涉及现在；,used to,表示过去常常有现在已经,不再有的习惯,dare,意为“敢”常用于否定句、,疑问句和条件从句中,He dare not/darent sleep,alone.,Dare you touch it,？,过去式,dared,；可作实,义动,词,need,意为“需要，必须”，常用,于否定句和疑问句中,You neednt do the work,now.,Need.do.,？的肯定回答：,Yes,.must,；可作实义动词,used to,过去常常,(,现在已不再,),He used to play football.,否 定 式,usednt/usent to,do/used not to do/didnt use to,do,；一般疑问句为,Used.to,do.,？,/Did.use to do.,？,续表,二、,“,情态,动词,be,doing,”,和,“,情态动词,have done,”,用法一览表,句式,说明,例句,can,be doing,can,have done,表示“可能”，用于否定,He cant be telling lies.,他不可能在说谎。,句和疑,问句,(could,也有此,He cant have told lies.,他不可能说了谎,用法，只是语气更委婉,),话。,could,have done,表“本来可以做却没有,做”,may,be doing,may,have done,于肯定句,Its too late.You could have told him,earlier.,太迟了，你本来能早点告诉他的。,He may be doing homework.,他也许在做,表示“可能，也许”，用 作业。,He may have missed the train.,他可能错过,了火车。must,be doing,肯定句，表示“一定在干,The light is on.He must be working.,灯 亮,某事”着，他一定在工作。,句式,说明,例句,must,have done,肯定句，表示“准是干了,某事”，对过去事情的肯,定猜测,He is sad.He must have failed the exam.,他很伤心，准是考试不及格。,neednt,have,done,表 示“本 来 不 必 做 而 实,际做了”，用于否定句,You neednt have lent the book to him.He,has bought it already.,你本来不必把这本书借给他，他已经买,了一本。,should/ought to,have done,肯 定 句 表 示“本 应 该 做,而实际没做”；否定句表,示“不 应 该 做 而 实 际 却,做了”,I should have bought it.,我应该把它买下,来的。,You shouldnt have scolded him.,你不应该,责骂他。,续表,虚拟语气,一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表,类别,与现在事,用法,从句谓语动词：过去式,(be,多用,were,，,但在口语中,如果主语是第一、三人称，,例句,If he were here,he would,实相反,if,引,导的,条件 与过去事,状语 实相反,从句,与将来事,实相反,help us.,be,动词可用,was),；主句谓语动词：,如果他在这，他会帮我们的。,should/would/could/might,动词原形,从句谓语动词：,had,过去分词；主句,If I had been free,I would,谓语动词：,should/would/could/might,have visited you.,如果我那时,have,过去分词 有空，我就会去拜访你了。,从句谓语动词：过去式,/should,动词原,If it should rain tomorrow,we,形,/were,不定式；主句谓语动词：,would not go camping.,如果明,should/would/could/might,动词原形 天下雨，我们就不去露营了。,类别,用法,例句,其他,状语,从句,as if/though,引导的状语从句中谓语动词用过去式,或过去完成式,They are talking as if they had,been friends for years.,他们交谈,着，好像是多年的老朋友。,even if/though,引导的从句，与现在,/,将来事实相反,时，从句谓语动词用过去式，主句谓语动,词用,“,should/would,动词原形”；与过去事实相反时，,从句谓语动词用“,had,过去分词主句谓语动,词用“,should/would,have,过去分词”,Even if they were to fail,they,wouldnt lose courage.,即使他们失败了，他们也不,会失去勇气。,宾语,从句,demand,suggest,order,insist,等表命令、建议、要求,的 动 词 后 所 接 的 宾 语 从 句 中 的 谓 语 动 词 用,“,(should),动词原形”,He suggested that we not,change our mind.,他建议我们不要改变主意。,wish,后所接的宾语从句中的谓语动词分别用过去,式、过去完成式和“,could/would,动词原形”，表,示与现在、过去和将来情况相反的假设,I wish I could be a pop,singer.,我希望我是一名流行歌手。,续表,续表,类别,用法,例句,形”,在,It is necessary/important/strange that.,It is It is strange that such a person,主 语,suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.,等 后 所,should be our friends.,从句 接的主语从句中，谓语动词用“,(should),动词原 很奇怪的是这样一个人会成,为我们的朋友。,表语,从 句,idea,advice,order,demand,request,等表命令、建议、,和 同 要求的名词后所接的表语从句和同位语从句中的,位 语 谓语动词用“,(should),动词原形”,从句,My,advice,is,that,you,(should)finish,your,homework first.,我的建议是你首先应该做完,家庭作业。,The idea that you(should)go,is right.,你走的想法是正确的。,类别,用法,例句,其他,句型,中,It is(high)time that.,句型中定语从句的谓语动词用,过去式或“,should,动词原形”,Its high time that we left.,该是我们离开的时候了。,would rather,所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去,完成式,I would rather you stayed at,home now.,我宁愿你现在待在家里。,if only,句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表,示强烈的愿望,If only our dream had come,true!,要是我们的梦能成真该多,好！,续表,二、其他要注意的事项,1,虚拟语气中出现,be,的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第,一、三人称单数时，可用,was,，但在,if,的倒装句中只能用,were,。,2suggest,表示“暗示，表明”和,insist,表示“坚持认为”,时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。如：,Your pale face suggests that you are ill.,你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。,He insisted that he was right.,他坚持认为他是对的。,3,if,引导的虚拟语气条件句中如有,had,should,were,，可省,略,if,并将,这些词提前引起倒装。如：,Were I you,I would remain.,如果我是你，我会留下来。,Had you told me earlier,I wouldnt have missed it.,如果你早点告诉我，我就不会错过它了。,4,可用,without,but for,构成的介词,短语代替虚拟语气条件,句。如：,But for your help,I would have failed the exam.,如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。,Without air there would be no life.,没有水，就没有生命。,5,as if/though,even if/though,引导,的从句也可以不用虚拟语,气，表示真实的情况。如：,It looks as if it is going to rain.,看起来似乎要下雨了。,