高考英语一轮复习 语法专项(七)动词和动词词组课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,(,七,),动词和动词词组,一、动词的同义词辨析,1.,常作为考点的同义词,celebrate,；,congratulate,interview,；,cover,disturb,；,interrupt,；,bother,appreciate,；,thank,avoid,；,miss,；,escape,believe,；,trust,care,；,mind,attend,；,join,choose,；,select,collect,；,gather,puzzle,；,confuse,consider,；,imagine,；,think,；,believe,contain,；,include,defeat,；,beat,；,win,demand,；,require,；,request,fetch,；,bring,；,take,；,carry,protect,；,prevent,hurt,；,ache,；,wound,；,damage,；,injure,suggest,；,advise,stop,；,pause,；,quit,supply,；,provide,；,offer,spend,；,cost,；,take,；,pay,wear,；,dress,；,have,；,put on,hope,；,wish,；,expect,；,look forward to,；,desire,continue,；,last,bear,；,stand,separate,；,divide,tell,；,say,；,speak,；,talk,strike,；,hit,；,beat,fit,；,suit,；,match,；,adapt,check,；,examine,；,test,watch,；,see,；,notice,；,observe,operate,；,do,；,work,raise,；,rise,；,arise,receive,；,accept,recognize,；,know,seize,；,catch,；,grasp,；,snatch,refuse,；,decline,；,reject,；,deny,ride,；,drive,；,operate,；,run,steal,；,rob,order,；,book(,预订,),manage,；,try,persuade,；,advise,wear,；,dress,prohibit,；,forbid,2.,动词同义词辨析题解题技巧,从四个方面考虑：词义；搭配,(,与介词或名词搭配,),；用,法；词性,(,及物动词还是不及物动词,),【,例,1】God is believed,in terms of religion,to have _ the,universe out of darkness and chaos.,A.created,B.invented,C.discovered,D.produced,解题关键,解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的确切词义。,create“,创造”，指制造出新事物，使某物存在；,invent“,发明”，,指科学技术上的发明，发明新的技术、工具、方案等；,discover“,发现”，指本来已经存在的东西，后来首次为人们所知,晓；,produce“,生产，制造”，指通过机器或动植物生长而产生的,新事物。根据题意“根据宗教的说法，是上帝在黑暗和混沌中创,造出了宇宙。”可知答案为,A,。,【,例,2】He has been _ of murdering his wife.,A.charged,B.blamed,C.accused,D.arrested,解题关键,解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与介词的搭配。,charge“,控告，指控”，常与介词,with,搭配：,charge sb.with,sth,.“,因某事而控告某人”。,blame“,责备，责怪”，常与介词,for,搭,配：,blame sb.for,sth,.“,因某事而责备某人”。,accuse“,指控，控,告”，常与介词,of,搭配：,accuse sb.of,sth,.“,因某事而控告某人”。,arrest“,逮捕”与介词,for,搭配：,arrest sb.for,sth,.“,因某事而逮捕某,人”。据此可知本题答案为,C,，题意是“他被控谋杀了自己的妻,子。”,【,例,3】He is the kind of person who stops at nothing in order to,_ his own purpose.,A.promote,B.obtain,C.reach,D.achieve,解题关键,解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与名词的搭配。,promote“,推进，促进，提升”，表示使处于某一水平的人或物得,到进一步发展，不能与名词,purpose,搭配使用。,obtain“,获得，得,到”，多指获得信息、知识、忠告、许可等，不能与,purpose,搭配。,reach“,达到，达成”，在此最具迷惑性，但,reach,多与,conclusion,decision,agreement,destination,等名词搭配，不能与,purpose,搭配。,achieve“,达到，实现”，强调通过持续努力而达到预期目标，常,与,purpose,goal,等名词连用。据此可知本题答案为,D,，题意是“他,是那种不达目的不罢休的人。”,【,例,4】Martin Luther King,the great Black leader in the,movement against racial discrimination,was _ the Nobel,Prize for peace for his contribution to world peace.,A.granted,B.honoured,C.awarded,D.rewarded,解题关键,解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的用法。题意是,“伟大的黑人领袖马丁,路德,金由于在反对种族歧视运动中为世界,和平做出了贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。”四个词都可作“授予”,解，但,award,后可跟双宾语，构成,award sb.,sth,.,结构。而,reward,不能接双宾语，多用于,reward sb.with,sth,.,结构。,grant,亦可接双,宾语，但多指授予或给予某人以权力或许可。,honour,不可接双宾,语，常用于,honour,sb.with,sth,.,结构。从题意和语法结构上来,看，此题的答案只能是,C,。此题用了被动语态，实际上,Martin,Luther King,和,the Nobel Prize,均是,award,的宾语。,【,例,5】The rapid expansion of cities during the Industrial,Revolution _ a housing crisis.,A.avoided,B.created,C.arose,D.occurred,解题关键,解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词性。,Avoid,和,create,是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；,arise,和,occur,是不及物动,词，后不可接名词作宾语，如表达住房发生了危机，要说,housing crisis arose/occurred,。据此排除,C,、,D,两项。根据题意,“工业革命期间，城市的迅速扩展造成了住房危机。”可知答案为,B,。,二、动词词组,动词介词,/,副词,短语,例句,answer for,对,负责,You will answer for what youve done.,ask for,请求,The boy asked for more food.,care for,喜欢；照料,He doesnt care for playing football.,come across,偶然碰到,I came across an old friend in the street.,call up,打电话,I shall call her up soon.,call for,叫,(,人,),He will call for you in the evening.,call on,号召,The Party called on us to study hard.,give up,放弃,Never give up hope.,get over,克服，渡过,Youll soon get over your shyness.,get on,进展,He is getting on well with the work.,get in,收进,The peasants got in the wheat in May.,go through,通过；细察,She went through the book before buying it.,go over,复习，看一遍,She went over the lessons for three times.,go without,放弃，没有也行,He had to go without food.,head for,朝,去,The ship is heading for the nearest port.,look up,查寻；向上看,He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.,look through,翻阅；浏览,The boy looked through the picture book.,put up,挂起,She put up a picture on the wall.,put off,推迟,The match is put off owing to the rain.,run over,辗过去,The bus ran over his legs.,result from,由,引起,His illness results from overeating.,result in,导致,Overeating results in his illness.,set about,着手干,They set about the work at once.,set out,出发,They set out at dawn.,see to,保证,See to it that the work is done well.,send for,派人请,We have sent for the doctor.,stand for,代表,What does“U.S.”stand for,turn to,翻到，转向,Please turn to page 10.,take off,脱去,She asked him to take off the coat.,turn out,结果是,The day turned out fine.,turn up,出现,He didnt turn up until eleven oclock.,过去分词介词,(,这类短语常同连系动词连用,),短语,例句,be absorbed in,全神贯注于,He is absorbed in reading.,be dressed in,穿着,She is dressed in red.,be engaged to,与,订婚,Mary is engaged to John.,be joined to,连接，结合,One pipe is joined to another.,be made up of,由,构成,A car is made up of many different parts.,be prepared for,准备好,They are prepared for the journey.,be tired,of(with,),对,厌烦,He is tired of this kind of life.,动词副词介词,短语,例句,add up to,总计为,The income adds up to 1,000 dollars.,break away from,改掉，与,脱离关系,He has broken away from the bad habit.,catch up with,赶上,I can catch up with them.,get down to,开始认真做,Lets get down to business.,get,on(along)with,进展，相处,He got on well with people here.,go in for,参加，爱好,He has gone in for the,longjump,.,go ahead with,进行，继续下去,He went ahead with the work and got it done.,keep away from,与,脱离关系，改掉,You should keep away from those bad children.,keep up with,跟上,She cant keep up with others.,live up to,不辜负,We shall live up to his teachings.,look out for,提防，照看,Look out for cars when crossing the street.,look back upon,回顾,He likes to look back upon his school days.,look down upon,轻视，不重视,Dont look down upon him.,look forward to,盼望,He looks forward to seeing her.,put up with,忍受，容忍,I just cant put up with that kind of man.,run out of,用完,I have run out of ink.,watch out for,当心，提防,Watch out for thieves in the street.,动词介词名词,短语,例句,come into use,开始使用，实施,The new tool came into use two years ago.,come into power,当权，执政,The king came into power last year.,come into effect,开始生效,The new rule will come into effect soon.,come into being,产生，建立,The custom came into being long,long,ago.,put,sth.to,use,使用，利用,You should put the dictionary to a good use.,过关落实,1.Does this meal cost 50?I _ something far better than,this!,A.preferred,B.expected,C.suggested,D.supposed,解析：,expect,期望，预期。,答案：,B,2.Why dont you just _ your own business and leave me,alone?,A.make,B.open,C.consider,D.mind,解析：,mind your own business,别管闲事。,答案：,D,3.Emergency line operators must always _ calm and make,sure that they get all the information they need to send help.,A.grow,B.appear,C.become,D.stay,解析：,stay calm,保持镇静。,答案：,D,4.In this seaside resort,，,you can _ all the comfort and,convenience of modern tourism.,A.enjoy,B.apply,C.receive,D.achieve,解析：,enjoysth,.,享受,(,欢乐等,),。,答案：,A,5.I have _ all my papers but I still cant find my notes.,A.looked through,B.looked,for,C.looked,after,D.looked,out,解析：,look through,浏览。,答案：,A,6.Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the,years to come?,Sorry,，,I have no idea.,A.lifting,up,B.going,up,C.bringing,up,D.growing,up,解析：,go up,表示,(,价格等,),自然上升。,答案：,B,7.If we can _ our present difficulties,，,then everything should,be all right.,A.come,across,B.get,over,C.come,over,D.get,off,解析：,get over difficulties,克服困难，同,overcome,。,答案：,B,8.The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was,_ on the radio yesterday.,A.turned,out,B.found,out,C.given,out,D.carried,out,解析：,give out on the radio,在广播中宣布,(,某事,),，常指比较,重要的事。,答案：,C,9.Would you please _ this form for me to see if Ive filled it,in right?,A.take,off,B.look,after,C.give,up,D.go,over,解析：,go over,sth.for,sb.,为某人检查,(,某物,),。,答案：,D,10.“Goodbye,，,then,，”,she said,，,without even _ from her,book.,A.looking,down,B.looking,up,C.looking,away,D.looking,on,解析：,look up,抬起头来向上看。,答案：,B,11.Words _ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him,for having saved my son from the burning house.,A.failed,B.left,C.discouraged,D.disappointed,解析：,由,“,当我想向他致谢救了我的儿子时，却一句话也说不出,来,”,可知，,fail,vt,.,“,使失败、丢弃,”,。,答案：,A,12.These teenagers dont know much of the world yet,；,thats why,they are so easily _.,A.taken,in,B.taken,on,C.taken,up,D.taken,off,解析：,take in,欺骗，句中用的是被动语态。,答案：,A,13.His friends offered to _ the next time he was in town so,that he wouldnt have to pay for a hotel.,A.keep,him up,B.put,him up,C.back,him up,D.hold,him up,解析：,put up,即,provide food and lodging for sb.(,为某人,),提供食宿。,答案：,B,14.The supermarket had to _ some staff because its sales,went down.,A.lay,off,B.lay,down,C.lay,out,D.lay,aside,解析：,lay off,指暂时解雇，尤指工作少时。,答案：,A,15.Hello,，,will you please put me through with Room 302?,Hold on please.Oh,，,the guest in Room 302 _ two,hours ago.,A.checked,in,B.checked,out,C.checked,up,D.checked,away,解析：,check out,结账离开；,check in,登记入住。,答案：,B,