高考英语一轮复习 语法专题3课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,走向高考,高考总复习,英语,高一册,Units 9-12 SB,首页,上页,下页,末页,考点训练,考点精析,语法专题三代词,代词是用来代替名词或名词作用的短语，大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词按意义、特征及语法功能可分为八类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词。代词的常考点如下：,1,人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。,但在下列情况也用宾格：,在,be,后作表语。,在单独使用或带,not,的简略回答中。,在感叹疑问句中做主语，以引起强调。,在下列之类的祈使句中：,He,s got to repay the moneypoor him.,他得偿还这笔钱,可怜的他呀！,2,形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词相当于,“,形容词性物主代词名词,”,，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与,of,连用后置定语，但不能作定语。,3,反身代词在句中可以作,enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,等动词和,by,for,to,等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作,“,亲自，本人,”,，但不能作主语。,4,指示词有,this,that,these,those,等。注意以下,4,点：,(1)this,these,是时间或空间上的,“,近指,”,，可与,here,连用；,that,those,是时间或空间上的,“,远指,”,，可与,there,连用。,(2),指上文提到的事一般用,that,，有时也用,this,，指下文的事只能用,this,。,(3),打电话时，用,this,来介绍自己，用,that,来问对方，不用,I,或,you,。,(4)this,和,that,还可用做副词表示程度，意为,“,如此，那么,”,，相当于,so,，作状语。,5,疑问代词,what,除可用来询问人的身份外，一般指物；,which,可指人也可指物；,who,whom,whose,一般指人。没有一定的范围时，用,what,，意为,“,什么,”,；有一定范围时，用,which,意为,“,(,其中的,),哪一个,”,。,6,表示两者,“,都,”,用,both,，表示两者,“,都不,”,用,neither,，表示两者中的,“,任一,”,用,either,。表示多者,“,都,”,用,all,，表示多者,“,都不,”,用,none,，表示多者中的,“,任一,”,用,any,。,none,可指人或物，一般要接表示范围的,of,短语，可回答,how many,；而,no one,只能指人,(,nobody),，不能接,of,短语，可回答,who,。另外，,none,可指后文的不可数名词，表示,“,毫无,”,。,7,some,any,的用法：表示,“,一些,”,，一般说来，肯定句中,some,，否定句中用,any,；但在表示请求、建议，劝请或希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中用,some,。,8,each,every,的用法：,every,只能作形容词，在名词前作定语；,each,可作形容词也可用代词，可作主语、宾语和同位语。表示,“,每隔,”,用,every,，不用,each,。如,every three days,每三天，,every third day,每逢第三天，,every other day,每隔一天，,every three meters,每,(,隔,),三米，,every three minutes,每,(,隔,),三分钟。,9,(a)little,(a)few,a bit,的用法,a little,和,little,修饰或代替不可数名词，与,much,相对，表示,“,少,”,；,a few,和,few,修饰或代替可数名词与,many,相对，表示,“,少,”,。,a little,和,a few,含肯定语气，,little,和,few,含否定语气。一般说来，在,only,just,still,quite,can not,等词后用,a little,或,a few,；在,very,so,some,the,no,等词后用,little,或,few,。,10,替代词,it,that,(the),one(s,),those,的用法,(1)it,和,that,都替代,“,the,单数名词,(,可数或不可数,),”,，都是特指，但,it,指前面提到的,“,同一,”,事物，而,that,是指前面提到的,“,同类,”,事物。,(2)one,替代,“,a,单数可数名词,”,，表示泛指。特指的,the one,相当于,that;the one,复数形式,the ones,，在口语中也常用,those,代替；当后面有,of,短语时，一般用,that,或,those,，当有前置修饰语时，只能用,one(s,),，如,the red one,。,one(s,),，,the,one(s,),，,those,that,都是替代,“,同类,”,事物，其中只有,that,可替代不可数名词。,11,another,(the),other(s,),else;the rest,的用法：,(1)another,或,“,another,单数可数名词,”,泛指,“,另一个，又一个，再一个,”,，其复数形式是,others,或,“,other,复数名词,”,泛指,“,别人或别的物,”,，有,some.others(,一些,另一些,),之搭配。,(2)the other(,单数可数名词,),特指两者中的另一个，常有,one.the other,“,一个,另一个,”,的搭配；其复数形式,the others,或,“,the other,复数名词,”,特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，,“,其余的,”,；,“,剩下的,”,人或物。,(3)another,还可用于,“,another,基数词或,few,复数名词,”,中，与,“,数词或,some,more/other,复数名词,”,相当。,(4),注意下列固定用法：,other than,“,除,外,”,，,each other,one another,“,相互,”,，,one after another,“,一个接一个地,”,，,any other,单数名词,“,别的,/,其他的任何一个,”,。,(5)else,只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。,(6)the rest,既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词。而,another,other,others,the,other(s,),只能代替可数名词。,1.,(2009,陕西,),Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she didn,t answer _ of them.,A.other,B.any,C.none D.some,2,(2009,湖南,),Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _ themselves,and solve their problems _ themselves.,A.to;by B.by;to,C.for;to D.in;on,3,(2009,山东,),I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn,t face _ day like that.,A.other B.another,C.the other D.others,4,(2009,全国,),The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you get _ completely free.,A.other B.others,C.one D.ones,5,(2009,全国,),Charles was alone at home,with _ looking after him.,A.someone B.anyone,C.not one D.no one,6,(2009,江苏,),Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents.,A.those B.one,C.both D.that,7,(2009,辽宁,),_ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.,A.Such B.This,C.That D.So,8,(2009,福建,),Your mum is very kind.,Yeah.My mum is pretty considerate,you know what _,，,she always arranges everything around me.,A.she means B.you mean,C.I mean D.we mean,9,(2009,北京,),Being a parent is not always easy,and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extra stress.,A.it B.them,C.one D.him,10,(2009,全国,),One of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health.,A.what B.this,C.that D.which,11,(2009,重庆,),Over the past 20 years,the Internet has helped change our world in _ way or another for the better.,A.any B.one,C.every D.either,12,(2009,四川,),I like this house with a beautiful garden in front,but I don,t have enough money to buy _.,A.one B.it,C.this D.that,13,(2009,南京调研,),The financial crisis and the suffering _ has caused have a great influence on the whole world.,A.they B.which,C.it D.what14,(2009,扬州调研,),James Cook was a strict captain,but _ all the sailors on the ship showed respect for.,A.that B.the one,C.who D.one,15,(2009,烟台检测,),Does _ please you to give gifts to others?,Sure.,A.it B.that,C.one D.he,16,(2009,宁波教学检测,),The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.,A.that B.it,C.this D.him,17,(2009,宁波教学检测,),Do you have _ for the party,Mary?,No,we still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers.,A.something B.everything,C.anything D.nothing,18,(2009,杭州教学检测,),I admired the painting,and Ted said he would like me to have _ as a gift for him.,A.one B.it,C.this D.some,19,(2009,合肥教学检测,),To some people life is enjoyable,while to _ it is suffering.,A.ones B.others,C.those D.another,20,(2009,西城区抽样,),The man had expected to see all his relatives when in hospital,but _ came to see him while many of his friends offered him their help.,A.none B.no one,C.someone D.anyone,21,(2009,石家庄毕业班教学检测,),We,ve been looking at houses but haven,t found _ we like yet.,A.it B.them,C.that D.one,22,(2009,重庆联合诊断,),Who,s knocking at the door?,Maybe _ wanting to sell some new product.,A.everybody B.anybody,C.somebody D.nobody,23,(2009,江西重点中学协作体联考,),There must be a dozen hands in this house but I can never find one when I need it.,Be patient._ is sure to turn up.,A.One B.It,C.This D.That,24,(2009,金丽衢十二校联考,),Lei,Feng,is a hero,_,，,I think,who will be remembered by Chinese forever.,A.who B.it,C.which D.one,25,(2010,辽宁沈阳期末,),Where did you get your laptop?I,d like to get one.,Well,at _ shop on Avenue 48,but I can,t say exactly.,A.some B.any,C.each D.every,26,(2009,东北三校,),Alice is one of those students who I am sure always do _ best in most difficult situations.,A.their B.her,C.one,s D.my,27,(2009,东北三校,),It,s a little surprising that a house made of wood or bamboo may stay up in an earthquake while _ made of steel and concrete may fall down.,A.one B.that,C.it D.what,28,(2009,成都诊测,),All the tickets have been sold out._ is left.,A.No one B.Nothing,C.None D.Not anyone,29,(2009,海淀期中,),You ran into Mr.Li!How did that happen?,Well,_ of us was looking where we were going.We came around the corner at the same time.,A.neither B.either,C.both D.none,30,(2009,海淀期末,),Haven,t seen you all for ages!_ all right?,Not good.We,ve got problems with sales.,A.Something B.Everything,C.Anything D.Nothing,31,(2009,海门二模,),Excuse me,Prof.Lee.Could,you please spare me some time?I want to talk with you about my paper.,I,m sorry,but not now.How about _ time next Monday in my office?,A.the other B.some other,C.some D.other,32,(2009,贵阳考试,),Are there any tickets left?,Sorry.There are _ if _.,A.few,；,any B.a few;some,C.some,；,few D.any;some,33,(2009,合肥质检三,),The old man was the only person that died in the car crash._ else was rescued.,A.Everyone B.Anyone,C.Someone D.None,34,(2009,成都诊测二,),When it comes to,“,The Best,Travelling,City in China,”,，,the first _ impresses us is,Chengdu,.,A.that B.one,C.which D.what,35,(2009,兰州诊测,),Mum,have you seen my,cellphone,?,_ you bought last week?I,m afraid I haven,t seen _.,A.The one;it B.The one;one,C.One;it D.One;one,36,(2009,成都检测,),Which of the three buses shall I take to the People,s Park?,_ one as you please.,A.Each B.Every,C.Any D.Either,37,(2009,湖南联考,),What!_ to go there with _,？,No!,A.I;him B.I;he,C.Me;him D.Me;himself,38,(2009,西城抽样,),I wonder if I can use your camera.,I don,t have _.But my room,mate does.He bought _ last month.,A.one,；,one B.it,；,one,C.it,；,it D.one,；,it,39,(2009,杭州质检,),Is _ finished?,Not yet.My dirty clothes are still soaking in the washing machine.,A.something B.anything,C.nothing D.everything,40,(2009,山东诊测二,),I went shopping for the perfect dress,_ would make me look younger.,A.one in which B.the one that,C.the one in which D.one that,答案,1,B,。考查代词。句意：,Jane,被问了许多问题，但她一个也没有回答。,not any,表示完全否定，也可以说：,Jane was asked a lot of questions,but she answered none of them.,2,A,。考查反身代词跟介词的习惯搭配。,keep.to oneself,意为,“,使,为自己一个人所保持,”,；,by oneself,意为,“,独自地，单独地,”,。句意：大多数美国人喜欢把问题自己一个人扛着，独自解决。,3,B,。句意：我昨天一天都很难受，以至于我今天早晨决定再也不能面对像那样的一天了。,another,表示,“,又一，另一；别的，另外的；类似的，相似的,”,，符合句意。,the other,指两个中的另外一个。,other,多与复数名词连用，,others,后不能接名词。,4,C,。考查代词辨析。句意：光盘特价了！买一送一！空白处填,one,，指代,one CD,。,5,D,。考查代词。句意：,Charles,一个人在家，没有人照顾他。上句的,alone at home,暗示没人在家陪伴,Charles,，因此选,no one,，表示,“,没有人,”,。,6,D,。考查代词的用法。从句意可知，所选择的代词代替的是前面的,approach,，因此选择,that,，相当于,the approach,。代词,one,常用来代替同类事物中的任意一个，不合题意。,7,A,。考查代词的用法。,such,在这里意思是,“,这样,”,。,so/such.that,句型中的,so/such,置于句首时，主句要倒装。,Such is/are.,意思是,“,这就是,”,。,8,C,。考查代词一致。该句是以第一人称,“,我,”,的口吻来说的，,you know,在此起了很大的干扰作用。根据语意,“,是的。我的母亲相当体贴，你知道我的意思，她总是安排我身边的事情,”,可知，,C,项正确。,9,A,。考查代词的用法。句意：当一名父亲或母亲并不总是容易的，当一名有特殊需要的孩子的父亲或母亲经常还要承受额外的压力。此处的,it,指代的是前面提到的,“,Being a parent is not always easy,”,这种情况。,10,C,。考查代词辨析。因,was,之后不是句子，故可排除,what,和,which,。,that,通常指代表示特指的名词，通常后面有后置定语。,11,B,。考查固定短语in one way or another,意思是,“,以某种方式,”,。,12,B,。考查代词。,it,用来替代前面提到的同一事物时，被替代的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。,one,指代的事物同类不同体，泛指同类事物中的一个，相当于,“,a/an,名词,”,；,that,用来替代前面提到的特指的事物时，所代替的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，代替可数名词时可以用,the one,替换。,13,C,。解答本题的关键是搞清句子的主干，即,The financial crisis and the suffering have a great influence,。,it has caused,显然是一个省略了,that/which,的定语从句。句意：金融危机及其造成的危害给全球带来了巨大的影响。,14,D,。考查代词。句意：,James Cook,是一个严格的船长，但又是一个受所有船员尊敬的船长。这里的,one,指代,a captain,。,15,A,。考查,it,作形式主语的用法。句意：,“,送礼物给别人让你高兴吗？,”“,当然！,”,这里,it,是形式主语，真正的主语是,to give gifts to others,。,16,B,。考查代词的用法。在此处,it,是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。,17,B,。考查代词的用法。根据答句内容可以看出问句是问有没有为聚会准备好一切。,18,B,。,it,在这里指的是,the painting,。,19,B,。考查代词的用法。,“,some.others.,”,表示,“,一些,，一些,”,，是固定搭配。,20,A,。考查代词。前一分句提及的,all his relatives,为复数，又因此处表否定，所以用,none(,没有一个人,),，相当于,none of his relatives,。,21,D,。考查代词。句意：我们一直在看房子，但是还没有找到一所我们喜欢的,(,房子,),。此处是泛指一所房子，为同名异物，用,one,。该代词常用来代替前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个。注意,it,常代指同名同物。,22,C,。考查代词的用法。根据问句可知对方问的是谁在敲门，答语的意思是,“,也许是某个想出售某种新产品的人,”,。所以用,somebody,，表示,“,某个人,”,。,23,A,。考查代词的用法。此处表示泛指，代替单数可数名词，故用,one,。,it,用来代指上文提到的同一个事物。,24,D,。考查代词的用法。,one,在此处为同位语，与前面的,hero,构成同位关系，同时作后面定语从句的先行词。,25,A,。该题考查代词的用法。,some,在此处表示,“,某个,”,。,26,A,。考查代词。,I am sure,是插入语，定语从句的先行词为,those students,而非,one,，故选,A,。,27,A,。考查代词。此处,one,a house,。,one,用作代词，指代单数可数名词，,made of steel and concrete,在此处充当定语。,28,C,。考查代词的用法。前面提到所有的票已经卖完了，所以强调的是数量，因此用,none,。,no one,只能表示,“,没有一个人,”,；,nothing,表示,“,什么也没有,”,，通常用来回答,what,提出的问句；,anyone,也只能表示人。,29,A,。考查代词的用法。根据答语的后一句可知两个人走路时没有一个人注意方向，因而撞上了。,either,表示肯定意义；如果用,both,，句中的谓语动词应该是,were;none,用于三者或三者以上的人或物都不,。,30,B,。考查代词。,“,Everything all right,？,”,是,“,Is everything all right,？,”,的省略，意思是,“,一切还好吗？,”,相当于,“,How is everything going,？,”,31,B,。考查代词和固定搭配。,some other time,是固定搭配，表示,“,别的什么时候,”,。,32,A,。考查不定代词。第一空修饰可数名词,ticket,，根据题干意思可知所填词意思是：不多，很少，具有否定意义，用,few,；第二空所填词用于条件状语从句中，用,any,，故选,A,。,33,A,。考查代词。前一句提到那位老人是唯一在车祸中丧生的人，由此可知其余的,“,每一个人,”,都得到了援救。,34,A,。考查代词和句子结构。句意：谈到,“,中国最佳旅游城市,”,，留给我们印象最深刻的首先是成都。,that impresses us,是定语从句，修饰先行词,the first,that,在从句中作主语。假如选择,B,项，还要在后面加上,that,，此时,one,是先行词，,that,在从句中仍然作主语。,35,A,。考查不定代词。第一空代词指,“,同类中的一个,”,，用,one,，其后有定语从句来修饰，要加定冠词,the,；第二空指,“,同一物,”,，代词用,it,，选,A,。,36,C,。考查代词。你可以乘坐,“,任何一辆,”,去人民公园。一个人一次只能乘坐一辆车，所以前两项不正确。,37,C,。句意：什么！要我和他一起去那儿？没门！该句是省略句，完整的句子是：,It,s me to go there with him,？所以第一个空用,me,，在介词后面应用代词宾格形式，所以第二个空用,him,。,38,D,。考查代词。依据上文的,your camera,可知，说话者见过该部相机。而且很明显是说答话人没有相机，但他的室友有，且那部相机是他室友上个月买的。由此可知，第一空须用,one,，代替单数可数名词，相当于,a camera,之意；第二空是指谈话双方都知道的那部相机，故用,it,，相当于,the camera,之意。,39,D,。考查不定代词。句意为：,“,一切都完成了吗？,”“,还没有，我的脏衣服还在洗衣机里泡着呢。,”,something,表示,“,一些事，某事,”,；,anything,表示,“,任何事,”,，常用于疑问句或否定句以及条件状语从句中；,nothing,表示,“,没有什么事,”,；,everything,表示,“,每件事，一切事,”,。,40,B,。考查代词和定语从句。,the one,特指，指代,the,n,.(,单数可数,),；,one,泛指，指代,a/an,n,.(,单数可数,),，该句中,the one,指,the perfect dress,，同时作后面从句的主语，用关系代词,that,或,which,。,