高考英语总复习 语法提升专题7非谓语动词课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,非谓语动词,非谓语动词也称作非限定动词，即,:,不在句中单独作谓语的动词形式，分为：不定式，动名词和分词。下面就其用法作简要总结。,1.,动名词和分词作定语,动名词作定语时并不强调主动或者被动关系，而是说明其所修饰的词的性质或用途；而分词分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词作定语时与所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的主动关系，强调动作的正在进行性；而过去分词作定语时与所修饰的名词为被动关系，所表达的含义有两种情况,:,仅仅表示被动，表示被动的同时，该动作也已完成。比较：,This was once a hiding place for people there at war.,这里在战时曾是那里的人们的一个藏身之所。,(hiding,作定语，表示用途,),Look at the sleeping baby!How wonderful!,看那个熟睡的婴儿，多好啊！（,sleeping,作定语，表示动作的进行性）,It is said that cars made in this factory are now at least as good as those made abroad.,据说这个工厂制造的汽车现在至少和国外制造的汽车一样好了。,(,两个,made,仅表示动作的被动性,),There still remain a lot of problems in the homework done by him yesterday.,他昨天做的作业里面仍然有很多问题。,(done,表示被动和完成,),2.,现在分词和过去分词作表语,同一动词的现在分词和过去分词作表语时的区别：过去分词作表语，主要表示主语（多指人，也可指物）的心理感受或所处的状态，含有被动的意思；而现在分词作表语多表示主语（多指物，也可指人）所具有的特征，含有主动的意思。,The story was very moving and we were greatly moved.,这个故事很感人，我们都被深深地感动了。,The disappointing boy disappointed his father for his failure again in the exam.,这个令人失望的男孩再次考试不及格，让他爸爸很失望。,3.,分词和不定式作宾语补足语,(1),表示动作的现在分词作宾语补足语表示正在发生或进行的动作，常用在表示感觉和心理状态的动词后。常见的感官动词和使役动词有：,感官动词：,see,hear,find,watch,notice,observe,smell,look,listen,等。,使役动词：,have,set,keep,get,catch,leave,send,等。,I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.,昨天我经过她的房间的时候听见她正在唱一首英文歌。,I found the girl playing the piano when I came in.,我进来的时候发现这个小女孩正在弹钢琴。,(2),过去分词作宾语补足语表示动作已经完成或被动，宾语和宾语补足语之间是动宾关系。,He got the room cleaned.,他把房间打扫干净了。,I cant make myself understood.,我无法让别人理解我。,(3),动词不定式作宾语补足语说明宾语的行为、状态或特征，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。常见的可以跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：,感官动词,see,hear,find,watch,notice,observe,smell,等和使役动词,have,let,make,等，其后跟不带,to,的不定式作宾语补足语。,注意：当这些词用于被动结构时，则要加上不定式符号,to,。,He was often heard to sing foreign songs.,人们常听他唱外国歌曲。,advise,allow,ask,forbid,force,persuade,request,，,cause,beg,drive,encourage,expect,get,intend,invite,permit,remind,teach,tell,trust,urge,warn,want,等后跟带,to,的动词不定式作宾语补足语。,The school doesnt allow the students to use the mobile phone in class.,这所学校不许学生课上使用手机。,Though he often made his sister cry,today he was made to cry by his sister.,虽然他经常把妹妹弄哭，但今天他却被妹妹弄哭了。,4.,动名词和不定式作宾语,(1),下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语。常见的动词：,consider,suggest,advise,excuse,pardon,admit,delay,fancy,practice,escape,appreciate,等。常见的动词短语,:look forward to,give up,cant help,insist on,devote to,lead to,stick to,be fond of,feel like,be used to,succeed in,pay attention to,put off,cant stand,等。,You cant delay sending the medicine.,你不可以延误送药的时间。,(2),下列动词只能跟不定式作宾语。常见的动词：,decide,determine,learn,want,expect,hope,wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask,beg,等。,She pretended not to see me when I passed by.,当我经过时，她假装没看见我。,(3),下列动词既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式作宾语，注意其在意义上的区别。,forget doing sth.,忘记已经做过某事,to do sth.,忘记去做某事remember doing sth.,记得做过某事,to do sth.,记住去做某事,regret doing sth.,遗憾做过某事,to do sth.,遗憾地要做某事,stop doing sth.,停止做某,to do sth.,停下来去做另一件事,try doing sth.,试着做某事,to do sth.,努力做某事,mean doing sth.,意味着做某事,to do sth.,打算做某事,go on doing sth.,继续不停地做某事（指同一动作 的继续）,to do sth.,完成一件事后接着做另一件事,cant help doing sth.,情不自禁地做某事,to do sth.,不能帮助做某事,be used to doing sth.,习惯于做某事,do sth.,被用来做某事,used to do sth.,过去常做某事,She didnt remember meeting him somewhere before.,她不记得以前在哪里见过他。,This dictionary cant help to learn the language.,这本辞典不能帮助学习语言。,My grandpa isnt used to living in the city.,我爷爷不习惯住在这个城市。,I used to smoke a lot,but I have given up.,我过去吸烟很厉害，但现在戒了。,Bamboo can be used to build houses in the south of China.,竹子在中国的南方可用来建房子。,例,1:We are invited to a party,in our club next Friday.(2009,山东,),A.to be held B.held,C.being held D.holding,解析：选,A,。考查非谓语动词的用法。由,next Friday,可知,时间是在将来，,party,是将被举行的，故选,A,。,例,2:,not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.(2009,福建,),A.Reminding B.Reminded,C.To remind D.Having reminded,解析：选,B,。考查非谓语动词的用法。非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,the manager,，非谓语动词与句子主语之间是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词,set out,之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，故选,B,。,例,3:With the world changing fast,we have something new,with all by ourselves every day.,（,2009,重庆）,A.Deal B.dealt C.to deal D.dealing,解析：选,C,。句意为：因为世界在飞速地发生着变化，所以我们每一天都有许多新的事情要处理。此处考查句型结构,have something new to do,不定式作定语修饰,something,故选,C,。,例,4:Please remain,；,the winner of the prize will be announced soon.(2008,辽宁,),A.seating B.seated C.to seat D.to be seated,解析：选,B,。句意为：请坐好，获胜者的名字马上就要宣布。,seated,是分词形式的形容词，表示状态。,remain,是系动词，,seated,作表语。,例,5:Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried,alone,，,but she didnt like it and moved back home.(2008,湖南,),A.Living B to live,C.to be living D.having lived,解析：选,A,。句意为：苏珊不想依赖父母。她尝试一个人生活，但并不喜欢，于是又搬回了家。,try,后可以接不定式，表示“努力做,”,；也可以接动名词，表示“尝试做,”,，根据句意应该用动名词。,例,6:I hear theyve promoted Tom,，,but he didnt,mention,when we talked on the phone.(2008,江西,),A to promote B.having been promoted,C.having promoted D.to be promoted,解析：选,B,。句意为：我听说他们已经提拔了汤姆，但我们打电话时他却没有谈及被提拔的事。,mention,为及物动词，后接动名词作宾语，“被提拔”是已经发生的动作，且为被动语态，故选,B,。,例,7:We had an anxious couple of weeks,for the results of the experiment.,（,2008,四川非延考区）,A.Wait B.to be waiting,C.Waited D.waiting,解析：选,D,。句意为：我们度过了焦急的几周，等待着实验结果。,have a/an good/hard/anxious time(in)doing sth.,为固定用法，此句的,time,换成了,couple of weeks,。此处用现在分词,waiting,作伴随状语，故选,D,。,例,8:Due to the heavy rain and flooding,ten million people have been forced,their homes.,（,2008,上海）,A.leaving B.to leave C.to be left D.being left,解析：选,B,。考查动词,force,的用法。,force sb.to do sth.,迫使某人做某事。句子使用了被动语态，,leave,和主语,people,之间是主动关系，故选择不定式的主动形式。,例,9:Robert is indeed a wise man.,Oh,，,yes.How,often I have regretted,his advice!(2007,安徽,),A.to,take,B.taking,C.not,to take,D.not,taking,解析：选,D,。,regret not doing,sth,.,表示“为未做某事而后悔”，表示否定，故选,D,。,例,10:As the light turned green,，,I stood for a moment,，,not,，,and asked myself what I was going to do.(2007,湖南,),A.moved,B.moving,C.to,move,D.being,moved,解析：选,B,。空白处在句中作伴随状语，主语与,move,是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应用现在分词的主动形式。,