1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,情态动词复习要点,1.can,could,能,会(,could,可以看作是,can,的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然,could,也有自己独特的用法。),1,)表示脑力或体力上的能力,She can sing that song in English.,她能用英文唱那歌。,He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters.,他能潜入约二十米深的水中。,He could hardly support his family
2、before he found the new job.,他在找到那份新工作前几乎无 法养家。,2),表示客观上的可能性,You can borrow this useful book from the library.,你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。,Now people can skate on the lake.,现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。,When the storm stopped,the plane could take off.,当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了不得。,3),表示主观上的允许,Can I ask you some questions about it?,我可以问你
3、有关这件事的几个问题吗?,You can not leave here till I come back.,直到我回来你,4,)(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧,How can/could you be here?,你怎么会在这儿?,She couldnt/cant be so stupid to do that.,她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。,Where could/can the boy be now?,那孩子现在能在哪儿另外,,could,还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候,,could,就不可以看作是,can,的过去式了。而是,could
4、自己独特的用法。如:,Could you speak a little slowly?,您能稍微说慢一点儿吗?,Im afraid that we couldnt give you any definite answer at this moment.,恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。,2.may,might,或许,可能,可以(,might,可以看作是,may,的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然,may,和,might,又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。),1,)可能性,I may be busy from tomorrow on.,从明天起我可能会
5、忙起来。,You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning.,你在早晨五点钟以前起来,或许能从这儿看到日出。,2,)表示允许,May I come in?,我可以进来吗?,Id like to have a smoke here if I may.,如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。,3)may,间或用来表示祝愿,也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中,:,May that day come soon.,但愿这天早日到来。,May you succeed in winning th
6、e first prize in the game.,祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。,4)might,也常用于表示目的等状语从句中,或用于虚拟语气的结构中,:,I could not convince him,try as I might.,我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。,They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train.,注意:在回答以,may,引导的问句时,一般说来避免使用,may,,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。例如:,-May I come in?-Yes,please.,请进。
7、我可以进来吗?,-Sure./Certainly.,请进。,-Please dont.,请不要进来。,-No,you mustnt.,不行。,3.must,应该,必须,一定,1),表示出于职责、义务该做某事,We must protect peoples rights.,我们应该保护人民的利益。,Everyone must be loyal to his motherland.,每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。,2,)表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事,We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.,我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。,You must h
8、urry up or youll be late.,你必须得快点儿,不然会迟到的。在这种用法中,must,表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;,have to,却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,,have to,自身有时态的变化形式。如:,I have to go now for Ive got a meeting 15 minutes later.,我现在必须要走了,因为我,15,分钟后有个会要开。,3,)表示禁止(用于否定句),You must not speak ill of others.Cars must not parked here.Smoking must not a
9、llowed in the office.,4,)表示猜测、推测,must,常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接,have+,过去分词,。例如:,You must be tired after working so long.,你工作这么久以后,肯定累了吧。,It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside.,外面这么湿,昨晚肯定下雨了。,5),“,非得,偏偏,Must you make such a noise?,The car must break down when
10、we were about to start.,4.Ought,(后接带,to,的不定式构成谓语动词)应该,1,)表示出于职责、义务该做某事,You ought not to be so careless in your work.,你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。,We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland,2),表示极有可能发生某事,As an auto repairman,Dick ought to know what is wrong with the car.,狄克作为一个汽车修理工总该知道这部车的毛病所在吧。,If we
11、 set off right now,we ought to be able to get there in time.,5.need,(用于否定句和疑问句)需要,There are still one and a half hours to go,we,needt,be in such a hurry.Need you go so soon?,你需要这么早就去吗?,6.dare,dared,(用于否定句、疑问句和疑问句)敢,Dare you stay here alone in the night?,你敢在夜里呆在这儿吗?,Nobody dared mention that matter.,
12、没有人敢提那件事。,How dared you say that to her?,7.shall,用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。主要表示下面几层意思:,1,)许诺,You shall hear everything directly you come.I I promise that you shall see her again before long.,我保证你不久就能再见到她。,2,)命令,You shall come to my office immediately,She shall not stay in my garden.,。,3,)决心(表示某事一定会发生),Th
13、at day shall come.,那一天一定会到来。,It has been decided that he shall be given the job.,4,)规定,Each competitor shall wear a number.,每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。,The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state.,租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。,5),与一三人称连用表征求对方意见,Shall we/clean the room?,8.should,(用作情态动词时,有时表示具体的意思,有时却没有意义。主要用于下面几
14、个方面。),1,)表示出于职责、义务该做某事,You shouldnt come to such a decision hastily.We should read English aloud every morning.,2,)表示对某种情况的估计,She shouldnt be out in such an early morning.This book should be published in two months at most.,3,)表示惊讶、失望等情绪,I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.,我认为
15、竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。,Why should I pay him for nothing?,我干吗要无为地付给他钱?,It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.,这件事竟然发生在我身上似乎太不公平了。,Its strange that it should be so cold today.,奇怪,今天怎么会这么冷。,4,)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气,The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized.,。,If it had not been for the doc
16、tors care the girl should not be speaking to you now.,9.will,would,(,would,可以看作是,will,的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然,will,和,would,又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。),1,)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求(在这种用法中,would,使语气更为客气、委婉),Will you tell her that Ill be back in twenty minutes?Wont you come in and have a little whisky?,你要不要进来喝一点
17、儿威士忌?,2,)用于表示愿望,Go where you will,He wouldnt let the doctor take his blood pressure,3,)表示习惯、倾向(可译成,总是会、老是,等,),Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon.Oil and water will not mix.,He would sit there for hours,doing nothing at all.,4,)表示猜测(可译成,一定是,、想必,,等,),This will be the house youre looking fo
18、r.,这想必就是你要找的房子吧。,He will have gone back to New Zealand.,他一定是回新西兰去了。,5,),will,用于表示决心(可译成,一定要,决心,等,),We will never talk about that subject again.,我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。,I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night.,我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。,6,),would,常用于虚拟条件句,表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况,But for your
19、 help we would have been late.,要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。,Well,I wouldnt worry about it.It wont do me any good.,好了,我不会担心那件事的,因为它不会给我带来什么好处,.,常用情态动词的用法比较,1,)在表示,可能性,方面,can,、,should,、,may,、,might,这四个词都可以用来表示,可能性,。但在表达的语气和程度方面有所不同:,can,和,should,表示以事实、理由为依据而存在的可能性;其中,should,的主观性较强,往往含有,应该会怎么样,的意思。总体上说,这两个词在这方面的语气较强、
20、较肯定。与之相比,,may,和,might,这两个词在这方面的语气较弱些、没有那么肯定,表示主观意断的可能性,没有足够的客观依据。其中,,might,的语气更为委婉、更弱。例如:,You cant expect to be a top student without working hard at your study.,(这种可能性很大。因为,不努力学习怎么能成为尖子生呢?),2,)在表示,允诺,方面在表示,允诺,的,can,,,may,,,might,三个情态动词中,以,might,最为客气、委婉;,may,为居中;而,can,是表达这方面意思的普通词。在这种情况下,要根据具体情况来选用这
21、三个情态动词。例如:,You can leave now.,(用于熟识的人之间;或是公事公办的情况。),May I trouble you with a question?,(用于礼貌地提出请求。),Might I have another cup of coffee?,(用于陌生或正式的场合,非常委婉、得体地提出请求。),3,)在表示,应该,方面,must,,,ought,,,should,都能用来表示,出于某种职责、义务而应该怎么样,的意思。以,must,的语气最强烈;,ought,为居中;而,should,是表达这方面意思的普通词。例如:,We must build our mother
22、land into a strong country with four modernization.(,语气很强烈。我们一定要将我们的祖国建成为一个具有四个现代化的强国。,Students ought to study hard.,(这种用法较有针对性,较具体,作为学生要努力学习是责无旁贷的。学生应当努力学习。,Students should study hard.,(这种用法可理解为一般的提法、号召。)学生应该努力学习。,4,)在表示,“,猜测,”,方面在情态动词中,can,、,should,、,may,、,might,、,must,都可以用于表示,“,猜测,”,。实际上,,“,猜测,”,
23、与,“,可能性,”,在逻辑上是有必然联系的。如果认为没有某种可能性,人们就不会作出某些猜测。因此,这里讨论的五个情态动词之间的区别与他们各自在表示,“,可能性,”,方面的差异是相关的。,-,在五个情态动词中,must,的语气最为强烈,它是以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理,因此它所指的动作发生的可能性最大。,-can,和,should,表示以事实、理由为依据而进行猜测,它们所指的动作有发生的可能性,但语气没有,must,那么肯定。其中,should,的主观性较强,往往表示说话人猜想,应该会怎么样,的意思。,-may,和,might,这两个词在这方面的语气较弱、没有那么肯定,表示说话人根据自己的主
24、观意断而进行的猜测,一般地说没有足够的客观依据。其中,,might,的语气更弱一些。例如:,As a football fan,he must have watched the football match on TV last night-Brazil vs.France.,(说话人料定自己的推测不会有错:哪有足球迷不看巴西队与法国队比赛的道理。)作为一个足球迷,他昨晚肯定看了那场巴西对法国的比赛。,He cant be out I just saw him a moment ago.,(他不可能出去,因为我刚刚还见过他。)他不可能出去,因为我刚才一会儿还见过他。,Its 2:30.I think she should be in her office.,(现在两点半是上班时间,她应该在办公室。)现在两点半钟。她应该在她的办公室。,Brown may come back in ten minutes or so.,(布朗或许一会儿回来,也许不回。)布朗或许十分钟左右就会回来的。,I thought although she was clever she might have,difficultylearning,a foreign,






