高考英语第一轮总复习经典实用学案 语法专题5 学案.ppt

语法专题五情态动词,情态动词主要有,can,may,must,could,might,shall,should,will,would,ought to,need,dare,等。,情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。,用法上主要有：,1,can,和,be able to,can,与,be able to,都可以表示能力，但两者在用法上有点差异：,can(could),表示主观能力，不表示意愿，它的将来时用,will be able to;be able to,表示主观意愿，强调要克服困难去做某事。例如：,My grandma is over seventy,but she can still read without glasses.,He is able to give up his bad habits.,2,must,和,have to,must,和,have to,都可以表示,“,必须,”,，但有几点区别：,(1)must,强调,“,内在的职责,”,、,“,义务,”,，而,have to,强调,“,外界压力,”,、,“,不得已而为之,”,。,(2)have to,可用于多种时态，而,must,一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由,had to,与,shall/will have to,代替。,(3),在回答,must,引起的问句时，如果是否定的答复，不能用,mustn,t,，而要用,needn,t,或,don,t have to,，因为,mustn,t,是,“,一定不要,”,；,“,一定不能,”,；,“,禁止,”,的意思。例如：,1)You must come to the classroom before eight.,2)It is raining hard outside,but I have to leave now.,3),“,Must we do it now,？,”,“,No,you needn,t.,”,3,used to,do,be used to,doing,和,be used to,do,(1)used to,do,意为,“,过去常常做某事,”,；,be used to,v,ing/,n,.(,名词,),意为,“,习惯于,”,；,be used to,do,意为,“,被用来做某事,”,。,(2)used to,只表示过去，而,be used to,v,ing/,n,.,可表示现在、过去或将来。例如：,1)He used to smoke.Now he doesn,t.,2)He,s quite used to hard work/working hard.,3)The knife is used to cut bread.,4,can,t,与,mustn,tcan,t,表示,“,不能,”,，是指无能力；,mustn,t,表示,“,不能,”,，指的是,“,禁止，不允许,”,。在口语中，,can,t,也可表示,“,禁止，不允许,”,，但语气不如,mustn,t,强。如：,He is so young that he can,t go to school.,There,s a meeting inside.You mustn,t make any noise.,5,can,和,may,考试中主要测试,can,may,或,could,might,表示可能性的区别及对,may,构成的疑问句的回答。,(1)can,could,may,might,都可以表示可能性。,can,could,表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性；而,may,might,则表示事实上的可能性。此外，,can,could,还有,“,有能力,”,的意思，而,may,和,might,不具此意。例如：,According to the weather forecast,it may rain tomorrow.,Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.,(2)May I/we.,？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为,Yes,please.,或,Certainly,；否定回答为,Please don,t.,或,No,you mustn,t.,例如：,“,May we leave now,？,”,“,No,you mustn,t.You haven,t finished your homework yet.,”,6,情态动词动词完成式,情态动词动词完成式即,“,情态动词,have,done,”,，表示对过去的行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。,(1)must have done,must have done,表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用,can(could,),来表示。,例如：,Since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.,He can,t have missed the way.I drew him a map.,The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?,当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情，要用,must do,表示猜测，否定为,can,t do,。,He must understand that we mean business.,You must be hungry after a long walk.,(2)may/might have done,may/might have done,表示推测过去某事,“,也许,”,发生了，,may,比,might,表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。,例如：,I can,t find my keys.I may/might have left them at the school yesterday.,(3)could have done,在肯定句型中，往往表示委婉地批评。本应该做什么，而没做；有时也用作猜测。,You could have told us earlier.,Tom could have taken the dictionary.,(4)ought to/should have done,和,ought not to/shouldn,t have done,ought to/should have done,和,ought not to/shouldn,t have done,用于对已发生的情况表示,“,责备,”,、,“,不满,”,，分别表示,“,本应该,”,和,“,本不应该,”,。例如：,1)With all the work finished,I should have gone to the party last night.,2)You ought not to have made fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.,(5)needn,t have done,needn,t have done,表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为,“,本没必要,”,。,例如：,You needn,t have waken me up;I don,t have to go to work today.,注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，,must,最大，,could,其次，,may,更次之，,might,最小。例如：,“,I wonder how Tom knew about your past.,”,“,He must/could/may/might have heard of it from Mary.,”,7,情态动词动词进行式,情态动词行为动词进行式,即情态动词,be,doing),，表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：,1)He must be playing basketball in the room.,2)She may be staying at home.,注意：,一、要注意几个使用的特定范围,1,表示推测时，,can,不能用在肯定句中,(,但,could,可以,),；,may,和,might,不能用在疑问句中。如：,Peter may come with us tonight,but he isn,t very sure yet.,Can it be a sunny day tomorrow?,2,作为情态动词，,need,和,dare,不能用在肯定句中,(,条件状语从句除外,),。肯定句中，须把它们用作实义动词，后接带,to,的不定式。如：,【,误,】,We need hold a meeting to discuss the matter.,【,正,】,We need to hold a meeting to discuss the matter.,【,正,】,If you need hold a meeting to discuss the matter,I,ll give you a help.,3,在回答由,could,和,might,引起的表示请示的一般疑问句时，不能用,could,和,might(,应分别用,can,和,may),回答。如：,Could I borrow your dictionary?,Yes,of course you can.,二、要注意一些,“,形义不一致,”,的现象,1,过去式,could,或,might,后接动词原形可以表示对现在或将来,(,不是对过去,),的推测。如：,I,m afraid it might snow tonight.,2,may(not,),或,can,t,后接完成时态，表示对过去,(,不是对现在或将来,),的推测。如：,There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.,It can,t have been a comfortable journey.,三、要注意情态动词的常用形式的特殊使用,1,should,和,ought to,后接动词原形，常表示,“,应该,”,；但也可用来表示推测，意为,“,想必会,”,。如：,(1)It,s nearly seven o,clock.Jack should be here at any moment.,(2)When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.,They should be ready by 12,：,00.,2,could,后接完成式常表示,“,(,过去,),可能,”,，但也可用来表示责备语气，意为,“,过去本来能够,，而实际上却未,”,。如：,We could have walked to the station;it was so near.,Yes.A taxi wasn,t at all necessary.,1.,(2009,四川,),I don,t care what people think.,Well,you _.,A.could,B.would,C.should D.might,2,(2009,北京,),One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.,A.need B.must,C.should D.can,3,(2009,全国,),What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There _ be twelve.,A.should B.would,C.will D.shall,4,(2009,湖南,),It,s the office!So you _know eating is not allowed here.,Oh,sorry.,A.must B.will,C.may D.need,3,(2009,全国,),What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There _ be twelve.,A.should B.would,C.will D.shall,4,(2009,湖南,),It,s the office!So you _know eating is not allowed here.,Oh,sorry.,A.must B.will,C.may D.need,7,(2009,辽宁,),The traffic is heavy these days.I _ arrive a bit late,so could you save me a place?,A.can B.must,C.need D.might,8,(2009,安徽,),Some people who don,t like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they _ just be quiet people.,A.must B.may,C.should D.would,9,(2009,重庆,),Hi,Tom.Any idea where Jane is?,She _ in the classroom.I saw her there just now.,Ashall be B.should have been,C.must be D.might have been,10,(2009,江南十校测试,),I really _ thank you enough.It,s been an amazing day.,A.needn,t B.should,C.must D.cannot,11,(2009,泉州高中毕业班质检,),Jim,it is time you went to bed.You need to get up early tomorrow.,It,s not fair.Mary _ stay up till ten but I have to go to bed at eight.,A.should B.need,C.can D.must,12,(2009,青岛教学检测,),Has Tom arrived?,Yes,already._ he wait outside or just come in?,A.Shall B.May,C.Could D.Must,13,(2009,苏锡常镇四市教学调查,),You _ be ashamed of yourselves.You,ve created this problem.,A.have to B.used to,C.needed to D.ought to,14,(2009,潍坊教学检测,),It _ sound like a perfect destination,but it is really adventurous to go there.,A.will B.must,C.shall D.may,15,(2009,石家庄毕业班教学质检,),My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _ your lecture.,A.couldn,t have attended,B.needn,t attend,C.mustn,t have attended,D.can,t attend,162009,东北三校联合模拟,),Why _ it rain on Sunday?We can,t go camping as planned.What a pity!,A.should B.can,C.must D.may,17,(2009,西安八校联考,),You amaze me!You _ cheat in such important mock examinations.,A.should B.would,C.need D.may,18,(2009,江西九所重点中学联考,),Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we _ during the day.,A.may have done B.could do,C.must have done D.would do,19,(2009,成都毕业班诊断,),Sorry,I,m late.I _ have misunderstood the plan and I went for another appointment.,A.might B.should,C.can D.will,20,(2009,保定调研,),If you _ talk about it with me,please wait till I finish my work at hand.,A.can B.may,C.must D.should,21,(2009,东城区示范校质检,),After the bell rings,which indicates the ending of the exam,you _ stay where you are until all your papers are collected.,A.shall B.would,C.will D.can,22,(2009,海淀区期末,),The purpose of education _ be to provide students with a value systemnot to prepare them for a specific job.,A.will B.should,C.could D.may,23,(2009,南京调研,),Why didn,t you go to Mike,s birthday party yesterday?,Well,I _,，,but I forgot it.,A.should B.would,C.should have D.must have,24,(2009,南通调研,),Mary,how did your math test go?,I had thought I _,，,but in fact I came in the top 10 in my class.,A.should have failed B.couldn,t have failed,C.might have failed D.shouldn,t have failed,25,(2009,烟台检测,),Jenny _ her word.I wonder why she changed her mind.,A.must have kept B.can have kept,C.should have kept D.needn,t have kept,26,(2009,宁波教学检测,),Mr.Smith,_ he have all these letters typed for you right away?,He _.They should be ready by 10 o,clock this morning.,A.will;must B.shall;has to,C.need;will D.would;ought to,27,(2009,杭州教学检测,),Shall I tell her to come to see you?,No,you _.She,s already been sent for.,A.needn,t B.shouldn,t,C.mustn,t D.wouldn,t,28,(2009,西城区抽样,),There _ be any difficulty in passing the oral test since you have practiced a lot in school.,A.mustn,t B.shan,t,C.shouldn,t D.needn,t,29,(2009,石家庄毕业班教学检测,),I can,t find my pen anywhere.,_ it be in your handbag?,A.May B.Must,C.Can D.Should,30,(2009,重庆联合诊断,),In crowded places like railway stations and airports,you _ take care of your luggage.,A.must B.may,C.will D.can,31,(2009,重庆联合诊断,),My MP4 has disappeared.Who _ have taken it away?,A.could B.should,C.must D.might,32,(2009,江西重点中学协作体联考,),Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month?,No,we _ visited it,but we spent too much time shopping.,A.could have B.must have,C.can have D.ought to have,33,(2009,皖南八校,),Guess what?I have passed the driving test.,Great!You _ a lot of time practicing.,A.should spend B.must spend,C.should have spent D.must have spent,34,(2009,合肥质检三,),Something _ wrong with the van and it _ not start no matter how hard we tried.,A.being;could B.going;should,C.was;might D.went;would,35,(2009,成都诊测二,),Oh,my God!I just missed the last bus back home.,That,s really bad.I,m sure you _ it,but you were not in a hurry.,A.could catch B.had caught,C.could have caught D.would catch,36,(2009,东城综合,),_ I sit here for a while _ I,m wanted?,A.Could,；,unless B.Could,；,so that,C.Shall,；,in case D.Shall;until,37,(2009,江南十校,),I have been writing a book on the UFOs.It _ be ready early next month.,A.can B.must,C.should D.need,38,(2009,杭州质检,),In those days,the old woman _ sit at the gate for hours,waiting for her son to return from the front.,A.could B.should,C.might D.would,39,(2009,上海二联,),When he was studying in Hong Kong,he _ on his aunt there and have dinner with her once a month.,A.should call B.would call,C.could call D.might call,40,(2010,江苏盐城测试,),These grapes look really beautiful.,They _,！,See the price,$3.99 a pound.Too expensive,aren,t they?,A.would B.could,C.might D.should,答案,1,C,。考查情态动词。句意：,“,我不在乎别人怎么想。,”“,哦，你应该在乎。,”,这里用,should,表示,“,应该，应当,”,。,2,D,。考查情态动词。英国人喜欢谈论天气是众所周知的事实，所以此处只能用,can,，表示,“,可以，能够,”,。,3,A,。考查情态动词。句意：你说的是什么意思？只有,10,张票吗？本来应该有,12,张票的。情态动词,should,表示,“,应该,”,，符合语意。,4,A,。考查情态动词的用法。选项,A,表示,必须，应该,”,；选项,B,表示,“,将会，将要,”,；选项,C,表示,“,也许，可能,”,；选项,D,表示,“,需要,”,，常用于否定句及疑问句中。根据句子语境可知答案应选,A,。,5,B,。考查情态动词辨析。,“,I can,t leave,”,暗示她让,“,我,”,必须留在这里直到她回来。情态动词,must,表示,“,必须,”,，符合语意。,6,C,。考查情态动词的用法。根据句意可知他觉得本来能够用别的方式表达的,(,却没有那样做,),。显然是对过去的事表示遗憾，因此应该使用,could have done,表虚拟，表示本来可以做却未做。,7,D,。考查情态动词。,might,在这里表示推测，意思是,“,或许，可能,”,，即由于交通拥挤，,“,我,”,可能会到得迟一些。,8,B,。考查情态动词。根据,“,not necessarily,”,可知后面应用,may,表示,“,可能,”,。,9,C,。考查情态动词的用法。根据答语中的,I saw her there just now,可知，这里是对现在情况的肯定的推测，由此可知,C,项正确。,must be in the classroom,的意思是,“,一定在教室里,”,。,10,D,。考查情态动词。句意：我非常感谢你，这真是令人吃惊的一天。根据语意，这里用,cannot,。,11,C,。,can,在本句中表示,“,许可,”,12,A,。该题考查情态动词的用法。,shall,放在疑问句中常用来表示征求对方的意见或请求允许。此处意为,“,他是在外面等还是进来等？,”,。,13,D,。考查情态动词。根据,“,You,ve created this problem,”,可知对方应该感到惭愧。,ought to,“,应当,”,，相当于,should,。,14,D,。该题考查情态动词。从题目后面的,“,but it is really adventurous to go there,”,可知。句意：听起来好像是一个完美的目的地，但是去那里确实很危险。,may,表示,“,可能性,”,。,15,A,。考查情态动词的用法。,“情态动词,have done,”,表示对已经发生的事情的推测。,must have done,“,肯定发生了某事,”,，只能表示把握较大的肯定的推测。表示,“,不可能已经发生某事,”,则用,can,t/couldn,t have done,。句意：我姐姐昨天下午在大剧院遇到了他，因此，他不可能听了你的讲座。,16,C,。考查情态动词的特殊用法。句意：为什么星期天非要下雨呢？我们不能按计划去野营，真遗憾！此处,must,表示,“,非要，硬要,”,。,17,A,。考查情态动词。句意：你太令我吃惊了！你竟然在这么重要的模拟考试中作弊。情态动词,should,可作,“,竟然,”,解，表示说话人意想不到的事情发生了。,18,A,。考查情态动词。,during the day,暗示是白天发生的动作，故此处应该是对过去的推测，且根据本题语境可知该处只表一种可能性，不能用表示完全肯定的,must have done,。于是正确的答案应该是,A,。,19,A,。考查情态动词表推测的用法。此处表示,“,有可能,”,，并且是肯定语气，所以选,might,。,20,C,。考查情态动词。句意：如果你非要和我谈论这件事，请等我完成手头的工作。此处,must,表示,“,非要,”,。,21,A,。考查情态动词。句意：考试结束的铃声响过后，你们应该待在原处，直到试卷收交完毕。此处的,shall,用于第二人称，表示按照规定应该如何做。,22,B,。考查情态动词辨析。句意：教育的目的应该是为学生提供一套价值体系，而不是让他们为从事某一项特定的工作做准备。情态动词,should,表示,“,应该,”,，合乎语境。,23,C,。,should have done,表示,“,过去本应该做某事,(,却没有做,),”,。,must have done,则用于表示对过去所发生事情的肯定猜测。,24,C,。考查情态动词的用法。,might have done,表示对过去发生的事情的猜测或担心，意思是,“,或许会,”,，而事实上不一定如此。,25,C,。考查,“,情态动词,have done,”,的用法。这里表示,“,过去本该做,，,(,而实际上,),却没有做,”,应该用,should have done,结构。,26,B,。考查情态动词的用法。,shall,用于第一、三人称疑问句中用来征求对方的意见。,27,A,。句中说,“,She,s already been sent for,”,已经派人去请了，所以选,needn,t,“,不必要,”,符合句意。,28,C,。考查情态动词。依据后文的语境,“,既然你在学校已经练习了很多,”,可知，通过口语考试,“,不应该,”,有问题，所以用,shouldn,t,“,不应该,”,。,mustn,t,表,“,禁止,”,，,needn,t,表,“,不必要,”,，,shan,t,表,“,将来,”,，显然都不合理。,29,C,。考查情态动词。本句是在疑问句中表示推测，故用,can,。,30,A,。考查情态动词。句意：在诸如火车站和机场等人群拥挤之处，你必须照看好你的行李。,must,“,必须,”,。,31,A,。考查情态动词。句意：我的,MP4,不见了，会是谁把它拿走了呢？此处,could have done,表示,“,可能做过某事,”,。,should have done,表示,“,本来应该做某事,(,但实际上并没有做,),”,；,must have done,表示,“,一定做了某事,”,；,might have done,表示,“,也许做了某事,”,。,32,A,。考查情态动词。此处,could have done,表示,“,过去本可以做某事，但实际上并没有做,”,。,B,项表示,“,过去一定做了某事,”,；,can,表示推测时多用于否定句和疑问句；,D,项表示,“,过去本应该做某事，可实际上并没有做,”,。,32,D,。考查情态动词的用法。由上句,“,I have passed the driving test,”,可知，这一动作发生在过去，且有一定的事实依据。,“,must have,过去分词,”,用于肯定句，表示,“,过去一定做过某事,”,，表示一种很有把握的推测。,34,D,。考查时态和情态动词。句中的,and,是连词，连接两个并列句，由此可排除前两项。此处,would,表示物体本身的功能无法发挥，可理解为,“,不愿意,”,。,35,C,。考查情态动词。结合第一句和答语的时态可知是对过去事实的叙述。,could have done,表示过去本可以做某事，而实际上并没有做。,36,C,。考查情态动词及连词。,could,或,shall,都可以放在句首表请求。,shall,用在一、三人称的疑问句中表请求，希望得到对方肯定的答复。而第二个空的四个备选项中,in case,最合适，表,“,以防万一,”,之意。,37,C,。考查情态动词。,should,可以用来表示,“,推测,”,，译为,“,可能，应该,”,，相当于,be expected to,。往往指具有一定的客观根据的推断。,38,D,。考查情态动词。句意为：在那些日子里，这位老太太常常在大门口坐几个小时，等她儿子从前线回来。此处用,would,表示,“,过去常常,”,。,39,B,。考查情态动词。句意：当他在香港上学时，他每个月都要去拜访一次婶婶并和她一起吃饭。,would,可以表示过去常常，因此选,B,。,40,D,。考查情态动词的用法。应答句中情态动词用于肯定句第三人称，表示,“,警告，劝告，命令，不耐烦，不相信,”,等语气，用,should,，选,D,。,