高考英语虚拟语气要点全透析课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The less anxious and more relaxed the learner,the better their language acquisition.,所谓的语气是指说话人对所指的动作或,状态所持有的态度。,和时态、语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的,一种形式，表明说话人讲话的,目的,和,意图,。,英语中有四种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，,祈使语气和虚拟语气。,语 气,Mood,、,陈述语气,：陈述一个动作或状态，表示所说的是事实。,There are two sides to every question.,、,疑问语气,：用来提出问题，表示疑问。,Is this your book?,、,祈使语气,：表示讲话人对对方的请求、命令、号召、劝告、警告、禁止等。,Dont be late for class.,Be seated,please.,、,虚拟语气,：用来表示假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能、空想等,非真实情况,。句中的谓语动词需用一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。,虚拟语气面面观,Different faces of the subjunctive mood,Face1:,虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,表示与现在现实相反,条件从句,主句,动词一般过去式,（,be,常用,werewould/should/could/might+,动词原形,If there,were,no subjunctive mood,English,would be,easier.,If I,had,time to spare,I,would come,too.,2.,表示与过去事实相反,条件从句,主句,had,过去分词,would/should/could/,might+have done,If he,had been warned,he,would not have taken,that food.,You didnt let me drive.If we,had driven,in turn,you,wouldnt have got,so tired.,3.,表示与将来事实可能相反,条件从句,主句,动词一般过去式,should/could+,动词原形,were to+,动词原形,would/should/could/,might,动词原形,If,I knew,his address,I,would send,the letter to him.,If you,were to come,tomorrow,I,should ask,you to help,me with my work.,If it,should rain,tomorrow,I,would stay,at home.,条件从句,主句,与现在事实相反,动词一般过去式,（,be,常用,were,）,would/should/,could/might,+,动词原形,与过去事实相反,had,过去分词,would/should/,could/might +have done,与将来现实可能相反,动词一般过去式,should/could+,动词原形,were to+,动词原形,would/should/,could/might,动词原形,Face 2:,虚拟语气在宾语从句中,wish,I wish I were a bird.,How I wish you had come to my birthday party.,I wish I could try again.,现在,过去,将来,动词的过去式,be,通常用,were,had,过去分词,could/would/might+,动词原形,2.would rather,Id rather you went home now.,I would rather you had told me the truth.,3.,用在,suggest,（建议）,advise,recommend,decide,require,request,demand,urge,propose,insist,（坚持做）,command,order,ask,instruct,（指示命令）,prefer,等表示提议、要求、命令、意愿、决定等意义的动词的宾语从句中，常用,“should,动词原形,”,表示虚拟语气，,should,常可省略。,He,suggested,that we should put the meeting off.,She,urged,that he write and accept the post.,Our commander,ordered,that all the wounded soldiers should be sent to hospital at once.,She,asked,that she should be sent to work in the countryside.,I,propose,that he go to the meeting instead of me.,He,insisted,that this matter be taken over at the meeting.,【,注意,】,使用,insist,suggest,等动词时，一定要注意，它们之后的宾语从句的谓语动词有时用陈述语气，有时用虚拟语气。当,insist,表示,“,坚持认为,”“,坚持观点,”,;suggest,表示“表示、暗示、表明”时,后接的宾语从句用陈述语气。例如：,I insisted that I was right.,Her pale face suggests that she is not,healthy.,Face 3:,虚拟语气在表语从句 和同位语从句中,在,proposal,suggestion,order,requirement,desire,decision,advice,plan,necessity,等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，可用“,(should),动词原形”表达虚拟语气。,His suggestion is that the meeting(should)be put off.,He made the suggestion that the meeting(should)be put off.,Face 4:,虚拟语气在主语从句中,It+be+suggested/required/requested/demanded/that,It is ordered that we(should)go at once.,It has been instructed that the meeting(should)be put off.,2.It+be+necessary/essential/important/,impossible/strange/natural/a pity/that,带有一种情感,(,必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等,),“,竟然会”，从句中的,should,可以省略。,It is necessary that he(should)listen to the,radio frequently.,It is strange that he should not have learned,English.,It is strange that he should have no friends.,It is a great pity that he should be so,careless.,Face 5:,虚拟语气在状语从句中,虚拟语气,as if/as though,在引导的方式状语从句中的用法,The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years.,It seems as if it were spring.,He spoke as though he had known it.,2.,虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的用法,在,in case,for fear that,in order that,so that,引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用“,should/could/might,动词原形”表达虚拟语气。,In order that she could catch the train,she hurried through her work.,I will not make a noise for fear that I might disturb you.,Take the umbrella with you in case it should rain.,Face 6:It,is,(high/about)time that,的虚拟形式,在此结构中，从句中谓语动词用一般过去式或,should,动词原形,但,should,不省略，（,be,动词多用,were,）表达劝告或建议，意为“到做某事的时间了”。,It is(high)time that you,studied,hard.,It is high time that you,should study,hard.,It is about time that we,ended,the class.,4.,错综时间条件句,有时主句和从句的谓语动词表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这种条件句叫做混合条件句，又成为错综时间条件句,If the doctor hadnt come,the patient would be dead now.,If he had studied harder,he would be able to answer the,test questions now.,Face 7:,含蓄条件句,非真实条件句中的条件从句有时并不直接表示出来，只暗含在句子中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。具体分为以下几种：,通过不定式短语表达条件,You would be a fool to refuse his offer.,(=If you should refuse his offer,you would be a fool.),It would be a mistake not to help him.,(=It would be a mistake if we did not help him.),B.,通过介词短语表达条件（,without,but for,要是没有,的话）,Without electricity,human life would be quite different today.,(=If there were no electricity,),But for the storm,I would have arrived much earlier.,(=If it had not been for the storm,),通过连词,otherwise,or,but,but that,though,once,等表达条件,She came to town yesterday,otherwise/or,(=if she hadnt come)I would not have met her.,Einstein cared little for money,though,(=if he had cared for money)he could have been very rich.,Once,lost it would be hard to find.,We should have come earlier,but that,we,had an accident.,(,暗含,if we hadnt had an accident),I could continue talking about this,but,we,must go on to the next topic,.,(,暗含,if we didnt have to go on to the next topic),D.,通过分词短语表达条件,Given more attention(=If they had been given more attention),the trees could have grown better.,Supposing it should rain(=If it were to/should rain),we would still go.,E.,无词句来暗示条件,Such mistakes could have been avoided.,(,暗示条件从句,if we had been more careful),It was so quiet,you could have heard a pin drop.,(,暗示条件从句,if it had dropped to the ground),You should have done it better.,(,暗示条件从句,if you had tried it harder),You might stay here forever.(,你可以永远呆在这儿,.(,暗含,if you wanted to),We would have succeeded.,我们本来是会成功的,.(,暗含,if we had kept trying),I would appreciate a little of your time.,谢谢你给我一点时间吧,.(,暗含,if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time.),Face 8:If,的省略,如果,if,条件从句的谓语动词含有,were,had,should,就可以省略连词,if,，把,were,had,should,放在主语前，构成倒装。,如果,if,条件从句为否定式，倒装时,not,要放在主语之后。,Were I,you(=If I were you),I would do more,practice.,Had you arrived,(=If you had arrived)at the,station ten minutes earlier,you could have,caught the train.,Should he come,(=If he should come),tell him to ring me up.,Had he not drunk,alcohol(=If he hadnt drunk,alcohol),he wouldnt have had such an awful,accident.,Face 9:,If only“,要是就好了”,If only I were a bird.,If only I could fly.,If only I knew what to do.,If only I had followed your advice.,Face 10:,在祝愿的话语中，用动词原形,表示虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或祝愿等。,例如：,Long live China!,God bless you,！,God save all living things!,