高三英语高考二轮专项复习：定语从句 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句复习,定语从句,定语从句（,Attributive Clauses,）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即,先行词,。,定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：,who,whom,whose,that,which,as,等。关系副词有：,when,where,why,等。,关系词的种类,关系代词,关系副词,起着,代词和连词,的作用，在从句中充当,主语，宾语或定语,起着,副词或介词短语和连词,的作用，,在从句中充当,状语,The manwho,is standing there),is my brother.,关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分,把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句,关系代词引导的定语从句,两个简单句：,A man is standing there.,The man is my brother.,=,主从复合句：,The man,who is standing there,is my brother,.,先行词,：,被定语从句所修饰的词,先行词一般是名词或代词,关系代词,：引导定语从句的词,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,形式上,不用逗号“，”与主句隔开,用逗号“，”与主句隔开,意义上,是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整,只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,译法上,译成先行词的定语：“,的”,通常译成主句的并列句,关系词的使用上,1.,作宾语时可省略,1.,不可省略,2.,可用,that,2.,不用,that,3.,可用,who,代替,whom,3.,不可用,who,代替,whom,A.This is the place,where I lived ten,years ago,.,B.She is going to spend the winter,holiday in Macao,which returned to,China in 1999,.,2.A.He is a man,who I can ask for help.,B.His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.,限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。,限制性 定语,从句,先行词是物,先行词是人,定语,地点状语,时间状语,主,宾,主,宾,关系代词,which,that,who,whom,whose,关系副词,where,when,原因状语,why,非限制性定语从句,先行词是物,先行词是人,定语,地点状语,时间状语,主,宾,主,宾,关系代词,which,that,who,whom,whose,关系副词,where,when,原因状语,why,5.,在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：,that,不能用来引导非限制性定语从句,why,不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用,for which,e.g.I have told them the reason,for which I didnt,attend the meeting,.,在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，,只能用,whom,，不能用,who,替换，也不能省略,His wife,_ you met at my home,was a teacher.,A.whom B.who C.that D.whose,在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面,的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有,两个,:,which,as,Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as,a surprise.,it B.that C.which D.he,_ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two,countries are making progress.,A.It B.As C.That D.What,区别：,a.which,只能放在句,中,，而,as,从句则还可以放在句首或句中。,b.as,代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是,系动词,；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用,which,。如：,as we all know,as is known to all,as you say,as I can see,as is reported,as you may have heard,as,和,which,在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：,as,引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，,或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；,which,引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,。,另外，,as,有“正如,，正像,”,的意思,eg:,As,we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.,(2,）,as,代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，,从句中的谓语必须是,系动词,；若为行为动词，则从句,中的关系代词只能用,which,。,1.,that,在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物,1)A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,主语,2)The noodles,that,I looked were delicious.,宾语,3)Lets ask the man,that,is reading the book over there.,主语,4)The girl,that,we saw yesterday is Jims sister.,宾语）,2.,Which,在从句中作主语或宾语，指物,1)They planted the trees,which,didnt need much water.(,主语,),2)The fish,which,we bought were not fresh.,（,宾语）,3.,who whom,在从句中分别作主语和宾语,(,口语中非限制性定语从句中,who,也可作宾语,),1)The foreigner,who,visited our school yesterday is from Canada.,（,主语）,2)The boy,who,broke the window is called Michael.,（,主语）,4)Mr.Read is the professor to,whom,you should write.,（,宾语）3)The person to,whom,you just talked is Mr.Li.,（,宾语）,3)This is the book,whose,cover is blue.,4.,whose,在从句中作定语，指人或物,1)Miss Flower is the teacher,whose,house caught fire last week.,2)This is the boy,whose,composition the teacher talked of.,关系代词,which,，,whom,在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常有“介词,+which,（或,whom,）”引出。,Great changes are taking place in the city,in which,they live.,This is the old man,from whom,weve learnt a lot.,(1),如果先行词是,all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none,等不定代词，关系代词一般只用,that,，不用,which,。例如：,All the people that are present burst into tears.,(2),先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用,that,。,We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.,关系代词,that,和,which,的区别,1.,宜用,that,引导的定语从句,(3),如果先行词被形容词最高级以及,first,last,any,only,few,must,no,some,very,等词修饰，关系代词常用,that,不用,which,who,，或,whom,。例如：,This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before.,这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。,That is the only way that leads to your success.,那是通向你成功的唯一之路。,We have to consider the first thing that starts our work.,我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。,在以疑问词,who,开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用,that,不用,who,。,Who is the man,that,is shouting there?,She is not the girl,that,she used to be.,NOTE,2.,宜用,which,引导的定语从句,当定语从句的介词提前时，要用,which,。,The house in which they lived last year,has been rebuilt.,引导非限制性定语从句时，要用,which,。,He bought a railway ticket for the woman,which helped her a lot.,(3),当先行词受,such,the same,，,as,so,修饰时，常用,asI have never heard such a story as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same book as I lost last week.,注意：,当先行词由,the same,修饰时，偶尔也用,that,引导定语从句，但是和由,as,所引导的定语从句意思不同。,She wore the same dress,that,she wore at Marys wedding.,她穿着她在,MARY,婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。,She wore the same dress,as,her young sister wore.,她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。,准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分,(,主、谓、宾、定、状,),，也能正确选择出关系代词,/,关系副词。,Is this the museum _ you visited a few days age?,A.where,B.that,C.on which,D.the one,2.Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held.,A.where,B.that,C.on which,D.the one,判断改错,1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.,2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.,3This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.,4.Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.,F,F,T,T,区分定语从句和同位语从句,1,定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系,(1)The plane that has just taken off is for London.,定语从句,(2)The fact that he has been dead is clear.,同位语从句,2,定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由,that,引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由,when,where,how,why,whether,what,等词引导，充当成分,(1)The news he told me is true.(2)The news that he has just died is true.(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.,定语,(4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.,3.,同位语从句和先行词一般可以用,be,动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以,(1)The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.,(2)The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3)The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.,Step 4.,关系副词,先行词,状语,地点,where,时间,when,原因,why/for which,关系副词引导的定语从句,两个简单句：,I visited the city.,I was born in the city.,=,主从复合句：,I visited the city,where,I was born.,先行词,：,被定语从句所修饰的词,=,（,in which,）,关系副词,：在定语从句中作状语,This is,the house,.+I was born,in the house.,（,介词短语,）,=I was born,there副词,).,=This is the house_ I was born.,=,_ which,注意区别：,This is the house _ I was born,in.,(which/that),where,in,We will never forget,the day,.+,we will hold the Olympic Games,on that day,.,=We will never forget the day _ we will hold the,Olympic Games.,_ which,注意区别：,I will never forget the day _ Ispent,with you,last year.,(which/that),I dont know the reason,why,he left here.,=for which,when,on,注意,：,1.Thank you for the book that you gave it to me yesterday.,在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，,所以在从句中不能在重复了。,what,不能用于定语从句中,2.Tell me anything what you know.,Tell me what you know,.,that,tell sb.,sth,3.,在,介词,whom/which,结构中，介词的选择,I will never forget the day _ which I reached the Great Wall.,Tell me the time _ which the train leaves,.,This is the hero _ whom we are proud.,In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she,could turn for help.,A.to that B.who C.from whom D.to whom,根据先行词来判断,根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判,断,on,at,of,be proud of;turn to sb.for help,4.,（名词、代词、数词、最高级）,of,whom/which,结构中，,表所属关系，”,当中的,”,China has hundreds of islands,the largest of that is Taiwan.,which,There 54 students in our class,most of them are boys,.,whom,I have a,sister,.,+,She,works in Shanghai.,=I have a,sister,_ works in Shanghai,.,Translate:,他想要见的人在上海,。,He wants to see,the man,.,+,The man,is in Shanghai.,=The,man,_ he wants to see is in Shanghai.,Have you found,the pen,?,+,You lost,it,yesterday.,=Have you found the,pen,_ you lost yesterday?,who/that,who/whom/that,(that/which),Do you know,the girl,?,+,Her,mother works here,.,=Do you know the girl _ mother works here?,I live in a,room,.,+,its,window faces south.,=I live in a room _ window faces south,.,whose,whose,=I live in a room,the window of which,faces south.,of which the window,Exercises,Look at the lady _ name is,Pochi,.,A.who B.whose C.whom D.that,Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice.,A.who B.whose C.whom D.which,The girl _ could sing well went to Europe.,A.who B.whose C.whom D.whom,