高三英语：经典英语选择解题指导 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语解题指导,一、命题特点,、,纯语法题逐年减少，语境题逐年增加。,、知识覆盖面广，题目设计灵活多样。,、某些题目选用了往年高考阅读理解题中的句子，某些出自词典。,二、,单项填空的解题指导,要想在短时间内完成,20,道题且能得到较好的分数，应试者首先必须具备扎实的基础知识，然后掌握一定的解题技巧。倘若这两点都能做到，就水到渠成了,。,（一）,补全法,有时为了使语言生动、自然、简洁，经常采用省略形式。解题时要尽可能把省略部分补全，这有助于正确地确定答案。,例、,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.(),A.not to B.not to do,C.not do it D.do not to,分析：,to,的后面省略了,ride his bicycle,A,(,二）简化法,命题者有意地在一个句子中间插入一个从句、插入语或附加的次要信息，造成主谓隔离。解题时，如果将题干中的多余部分去掉，题干就会变得很简单，答案就可以迅速找到,。,例,1,、,John plays football _,if not better than David.(),A.as well B.as well as,Cso well as D.so well,分析,:,改题考查副词的同等比较,这一语法现象实际并不难,但题干中加入了省略形式的插入语,(if not better than),后,则加大了迷惑性,.,如果把插入语去掉,简化为,John plays football _ David.,此时答案就一目了然,.,B,例,2.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.(),A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play,分析,:as well as telephones,是附加信息,A,例,3.The person we spoke to _ no answer at first.(),A.make B.making C.makes D.made,分析,:we spoke to,是一个定语从句,将其去掉后会发现这个句子少了一个谓语动词,.,D,例,.Who do you think _ us a talk this afternoon?(),A.to give B.gave C.will give D.giving,分析,:do you think,是一个插入语,C,例,.The days we looked forward to _at last.(),A.comes B.to come C.came D.coming,分析,:,本题很容易被误认为是一个介词,to,后面要接动名词。实际上,we looked forward to,是一个定语从句,介词,to,已有其相应的宾语,是省略了的引导词，将从句去掉就可看出本题缺少一个谓语,.,C,(,三,).,把握语境法,在一定的语境中进行语法知识和语言知识的考查,是近年高考英语试题中常见的题目,这就要求考生一定要以语境为切入点,认真思考,仔细分析,才能确定正确答案。,例1-Are you coming to Jeff,s party?(),-I,m not sure,I _ go to the concert instead.,A.must B.would C.should D.might,分析：该题考查情态动词在语境中的的运用。如果脱离了具体的语境，四个选项都正确，但根据答语,I,m not sure,可得出答案。,D,例,、,Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.(),A.to have studied B.to study,C.to be studying D.to have been studying,分析：根据,studied,可确定过去,Robert,在国外学习。,A,四）找提示词法,对于有些题来说，若找到关键的提示词（如,but,and,otherwise,等）就会迎刃而解,。,例、,They are all very tired,but _ of them would stop to take a rest.(),A.any B.some C.none D.neither,分析：,but,表示转折,C,例,_ it with me and Ill see what I can do.(),A.What left B.Leaving,C.If you leave D.Leave,D,（,五）转化法（还原法）,高考中一些单项选择题的测试点本来十分简单,但命题者有意把题干复杂化,将其改写成一个少见或陌生的结构。对于这类题,考生可以反其道而行之,把题干还原成自己熟悉的结构,题目就变得简单了。,1.,将倒装句改成陈述句,.,例1.Whom would you rather have _ with you?(),A.to go B.go C.gone D.going,分析,:,本题测试的知识点是,have,sb,do,sth,改写题干成陈述句,则应是,You would rather have whom _ with you.,B,例2.Never _ time come back again.(),A.will lose B.will lost C.lost D.will to lose,分析,:,改写成陈述句后其结构为,:,Lost time will never come back again,.,B,2.,将陈述句改为倒装句。我们首次接触时是一个倒装句,而命题者恰恰有意地使用陈述句来命题,题目便具有很大的迷惑性。,例1、We had_ left home than it began to rain.(),A.no sooner B.hardly C.almost D.nearly,分析,:No sooner.than,是一个大家十分熟悉的句型,改写句型,:_ had we left home than it began to rain,.,A,例2.We had _ arrived at the train station when the train began to move.(),A.no sooner B.hardly C.almost D.nearly,hardly,when ,no sooner than,一,就,B,.,改被动句为主动句,。,例1、Time should be made good use _ our lessons well.（）,A.learning B.learned C.of to learn D.to learn,改写句子,：,We should make good use of time _,our lessons well.,C,例,2,、,The little boy was caught _ in the shop.(),A.to steal B.stealing C.steal D.stole,分析：本题考查的知识点是,catch,sb,doing,sth,B,、改省略句为一个完整的句子,例1、How long has this bookshop been in business?,-_ 1982.(),A.After B.In C.Since D.From,分析：将答语部分改为一个完整的句子,This bookshop has been in business _ 1982.,什么词能同现在完成时态连用 呢？,C,例2 What made her mother so angry?(),-_ the exam.,Because she didnt pass B.Her not passing,C.She didnt pass D.Because her not passing,分析：将答语部分补全应为：,_ the exam made her mother so angry.,可以看出少了一个主语,.,B,（六）逆向思维法,逆向思维是一种创造性的思维，它冲破了固有的“思维定势”，运用逆向思维，在目前灵活多变的高考试题中，可收到意想不到的效果。,例：,Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,A.while B.that C.when D.as,（）,Information,后常接同位语从句。检查空白后的句子可以确定它是同位语从句，说明,information,的内容。,B,Was it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon?,A.when,on B.that,on C.when,in D.that,in,2._ some of this juice-perhaps youll like it.,A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.Have tried,3.-Why do you want the book so much?-_,sir.,A.Studying B.Studied C.Studies D.To study,4.I find records are _ or better than an actual performance.,A.as good as B.as good C.so well as D.good as,D,B,D,A,5.Is this school_you visited last week?,A.that B.to which C.the one D.where,6.Was it during the Second World War _he died?,A.that B.while C.in which D.then,7.Who will you have _?,To repair the machine B.repair the machine,C.the machine repaired D.repaired the machine,8.It was only then_realize the importance of learning English.,A.did he B.could he C.when we could D.that we did,9.These stories were made _his own head.,A.out of B.up of C.into D.up out of,10.He had made another discovery,_of importance to science.,A.which I think it is B.which I think is C.I think that is,D.of,which I think is,C,A,B,D,D,B,11.The cave _very dark,he made some candles_light.,A.was;give B.was;being given,C.being;to give D.being;give,12.Which is _country,Canada or Australia?,A.a large B.large C.a larger D.the larger,13.In my opinion,it is the best use that could be _of the money.,A.turned up B.turned out C.spent D.made,14.-Waiter!,-_,-I cant eat this.Its too salty.,A.Yes,sir?B.What?C.All tight?D.Pardon?,C,D,D,A,Close Test,Methods&Skills,My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling _,36,_，but I always knew he was _,37,_.He,never criticized,us,but,used _,38,_ to bring out our best.Hed say,“If you pour water on flowers,they flourish.If you dont give them water,they die.”,36.A.biologist B.manager,C.lawyer,D.gardener,37.A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned,38.A.praise B.courage C.power D.warmth,I _,39,_as a child I said something _,40,_ about somebody,and father said,“_,41,_ time you say something,unpleasant,about somebody else,its a reflection of you.”He explained that I looked for the best _,42,_ people,I would get the best _,43,_.,39.A.think B.imagine C.remember D.guess,40.A.unnecessary B.unkind,C.unimportant D.unusual,41.A.Another B.Some C.Any D.Other,42.A.on B.in C.at D.about,43.A.in case B.by turns C.by chance D.in return,In case:,以防万一,By turns:,轮流，依次,By chance:,碰巧,In return:,作为,.,回报,From then on Ive always tried to _,44,_ the principle in my life and later in running my company,44.A.revise B.set C.review D.follow,Dads also always been very _,45,_.,At 15,I started a magazine.,It was _,46,_ a great deal of time,and the headmaster of my school gave me a _,47,_:,stay,in school,or leave,to work on my magazine.,45.,A.understanding,B.experienced,C.serious D.demanding,46.A.taking up B.making up,C.picking up D.keeping up,47.A.suggestion B.decision,C.notice D.choice,I decided to leave,and Dad tried to sway me from my decision,_,48,_ any good father would.When he realized I had made up my mind,he said,“Richard,when I was 23,my dad _49_ me to go into law,.,And Ive _,50,_ regretted it.,I wanted to be a biologist,_51_ I didnt purse my _52_.,48.A.and B.as C.even if D.as if,49.A.helped B.allowed C.persuaded D.suggested,50.A.always B.never C.seldom D.almost,51.A.rather B.but C.for D.therefore,52.A.promise B.task C.belief D.dream,You know what you want.Go fulfill it.”,As _,53,_ turned out,my,little publication,went on to become,Student,a nation _,54,_ for young people in the U.K.My wife and I have two children,and Id like to think we are,bringing them up,in the,same,way Dad _,55,_ me.,53.A.this B.he C.it D.that,54.A.newspaper,B.magazine,C.program D.project,55.A.controlled D.comforted C.reminded D.raised,一 完形填空考什么？,一,词法及词义辨析,二，固定短语搭配,三，上下文逻辑关系,四，文化背景及生活常识,(46,47,48,49,52,等）,（,44,等）,（,36,，,37,，,40,，,43,，,45,，,47,，,54,，,55,，等）,二 当前完形填空的特点,突出语篇，强调应用，注重语境,辨析词意，以实词为主,题材多为记叙文，叙议结合。第一 句不设空,三，完型填空的能力目标要求,牢固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语词汇知识。,英语阅读理解能力，良好的阅读习惯，熟练的阅读技巧。,分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间逻辑关系的能力,。,逻辑思维能力。特别是总结概括、推理判断和分析归纳的能力。包括情景推理判断、常识推理判断、逆向推理判断及比较推理判断等。,扎实的英语词汇、短语、惯用法等英语固定搭配的知识。特别是英语词汇意义和用法的辨析能力。,在阅读中捕捉记忆相关信息的能力。,四 完形填空的解题思路,总则：,在把握整体的基础上对 句子内部的情况进行分析,跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意,再读全文，反复检查,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破,1.,看清上下文，找准定位词,充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有,提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义,词。例如：,1)Some parts of the water are very shallow.,But in some places it is very,.,A.deep B.high C.cold D.dangerous,根据转折连词,but,的提示，所填入的词应与,shallow,相反，因此答案为,A,。,五：完形填空解题技巧,2),Mrs,ONeill asked,questions and she didnt,scold us either.,A.no B.certain C.many D.more,and,是一个并列连词；,either,为副词，用在否定句,或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是,一个否定意义的词，因此答案是,A,。,2.,寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系,It has been many years since I was last in London,I still remember something that happened during that visit.,A.and B.for C.but D.as,根据句前的,many years,和句后的,still remember,答案应选表示,转折的连词,but.,3.,通顺逻辑，寻求搭配,注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名,词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选,择正确的短语。例如：,1)Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped,himself,so much money.,A.for B.by C.to D.of,表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是,help oneself to,故答案为,C,2)And video cameras can be used to,peoples actions at home.,A.keep B.make C.record D.watch,句中动作的发出者是,video cameras,因此答案是,C,，,意思是“记录”。,4.,扎实基础，理清辨异,Soon I heard a,like that of a door burst in,and then a climb of feet.,A.sound B.cry C.voice D.shout,选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音，但,B,，,C,，,D,项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音，而,sound,则,表示各种各样的声音。因此答案是,A,。,5.,了解生活常识，确定相关知识,(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and,rushed to the,hospital.,A.animal B.biggest,C.plant D.nearest,在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院,就医，因此答案为,D,。,要做好“完形填空”，必须紧紧抓住上下文语境，充分利用上下文语境所提供的线索。上下文语境包括选择项与所在句子中的语义联系，所在句与周围句群的关系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章主题思想的关系等。有些选项根据上下文就能比较容易地选出，而有些则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能做出正确判断。,信息常识，上下呼应，搭配遣词，逻辑贯通,文中无闲句，句中无闲字,解题误区,做完形填空时，除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外，还应避免几个误区。,1,、单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构，试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。,2,、时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难，先做会,