高考英语 专题解析基础写作 正反论证课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,13.,正反论证,晨读背诵,相关短语,1.the minority/majority of.,少数,/,大多数,2.traffic safety,交通安全,3.disapprove of,不同意；不赞成,4.persuade sb.not to do.,说服某人不做,5.follow the advice,听从劝告,6.as far as I am concerned,就我所知,7.carry out,实施,8.think highly of,高度评价,9.a good solution to.,一个做,的解决好办法,10.in addition,此外,11.become more rebellious,变得更加叛逆,12.from my perspective,在我看来,13.be suitable for,适合,14.have a heated discussion,进行一次热烈的讨论,15.provide a stage for sb.,给某人提供一个舞台,16.draw the conclusion that.,得出结论,17.key to success,成功的秘诀,18.focus more on.,更加关注,相关句式,1.Recently,we have had a discussion about,whether parents should accompany their children at school.,最,近我们讨论了父母是否该在学校陪读。,2.Nearly 70%of us,disagree because they think,it makes them fall into the habit of dependence.,我们中有将近,70%,的人不赞同,因为他们认为这会使他们养成依赖性。,3.,While,about 30%of my classmates,think,it necessary for our parents to accompany us.,而我的同学中大约,30%,的人认为父母有必要陪读。,4.Some people,say yes,who think that,the Internet helps make friends on line.,有些人同意,他们认为互联网有助于网上交友。,5.,My opinion is that,students should,place,their study,health and safety,before,other things.,我的意见是学生应该把学习、健康、和安全放在其他事情之前。,技巧点拨,1.,基础写作是根据所给的内容组织成文,不是自由发挥。部分考生喜欢在文章中使用Every coin has two sides”,过渡,但是这个句子并不包含任何信息点,不适合在基础写作中使用。,2.,正反论证的议论文要注意使用转折和对比的词,如,however,in contrast,compared with,等。,3.,如果文章最后要求考生发表自己观点,考生不能简单地说,I agree with.,或者,I disagree with.,而是要言之有物,有理有据。,典型例题,你班同学开展了一场“司机醉驾是否应该处罚乘客”的讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息,给报社写一封信,介绍讨论的情况,并发表你的看法。,写作内容,少数同学赞成处罚乘客,大多数同学反对处罚乘客,减少交通事故,促进,交通安全,2.,不乘坐醉酒司机的车,不仅是对自己负责,也,是对司机和路人负责,乘客难以判断司机是否,醉酒,2.,即使乘客知道司机饮,酒,如果司机不听从乘客的,劝诫,处罚乘客是不公平的,你的看法：,例题导写,1.,确定文体结构。本文是正反论证,因此正反观点之间的论证应该是属于并列关系,而双方观点的论点和分论点则为总分关系。而最后，考题要求考生写出自己的观点,这个属于对全文的总结。因此,文章的信息点划分非常明确,正反观点各占两个句子,考生的观点应该为最后一个句子。考生可以采用两种方法使自己的观点明确。第一种：第一句的信息点可以包含“少数同学赞成处罚乘客”,(,总起,),和第一个原因,而第二句则讲述第二个原因,(,递进,);,第二种：第一句为总起，第二句则包含了两个赞成的理由。陈述“大多数同学反对处罚乘客”这方面也是同理。,2.,词汇整理,句,1,：,(1),少数同学,:,the minority of students,句,2,：,(2),交通事故,:,traffic accidents,(3),交通安全,:,traffic safety,(4),对,负责任,:,be responsible for,句,3,：,(4),大部分学生,:,the majority of students,句,4,：,(5),劝说某人做某事,:,persuade sb.to do sth.,(6),听从某人的劝说,:,follow ones advice,3.,难句翻译,句,2,：不乘坐醉酒司机的车,不仅是对自己负责,也是对司机和路人负责。,分析：本句的主语是“不乘坐醉酒司机的车”,因此考生可以考虑使用动词不定式,not to do sth.,作主语。不仅,也,可以使用,not only.but also.,或者,as well as,这些短语。,翻译,:,Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road./Not to ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is responsible for passengers themselves as well as the drivers and other people on the road.,句,4,：即使乘客知道司机饮酒,如果司机不听,从乘客的劝诫,处罚乘客是不公平的。,分析：本句的主句是“处罚乘客是不公平的”,考生可以考虑用,it,作形式主语的句型,it is unfair to.,，而“即使,”,可以使用,even if,引导的让步状语从句。,翻译,:,Even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive,it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice.,4.,连句成文,(1),不同意某个观点,:,disagree with sb./be against the opinion that/disapprove of the idea,(2),表述“转折”的连接词,:,although/instead/rather than/nevertheless/otherwise/on the one hand.on the other hand.,(3),表示“对照”的连接词,(3)whereas/in contrast/unlike/on the contrary/while/by contrast/compared with,(4),表示“让步”的连接词,(4)after all/in spite of/still/provided/while it is true.,参考范文,Dear Editor,，,Im writing to tell you about,the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished.,The minority of,the students,hold the opinion that,punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety.,Not to ride,in a car driven by a drunken driver is,not only,a responsible behavior for passengers themselves,but also,for,the drivers and other people on the road.,The majority of,the students,however,disapprove of the idea,stating that it is difficult for common,passengers to know whether the driver has been drinking or not.,Whats more,even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive,it is unfair to punish,the passenger when the driver does not,follow the advice,.,As far as I am concerned,punishing passengers,as well as,the drivers is not only unfair but is also hard to carry out.,Yours sincerely,，,Li Hua,能力提高,1.,短语翻译,(1),尽管,:,despite/in spite of/although/though,(2),由于,:,due to/because of/owing to/on account of,(3),然而,:,however/yet,(4),因为,:because/since/as,(5),此外,:,Besides/Whats more/In addition/Furthermore/Moreover,(6),即使,:,even if/even though,(7),总之,:,In general/In short/All in all/To draw a conclusion/On the whole,(8),但是,:but,(9),导致,:,bring about/give rise to/lead to/result in,(10),与,无法相比,:,cant be compared with,2.,作文填空,We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars and we have different opinions.,Some believe that we should give money to those who are in bad need of our help.Among these beggars are the elderly,，,drop-outs and the disabled,who can hardly make a living 1 _ old age,poverty or physical inability.,due to/because of/owing to,Many more students,2 _,think we shouldnt give them money 3 _ most of the beggars are begging in the hope of earning some easy money.4 _,_,to give money would encourage them to be lazy 5 _ _ they have the ability to work.,6 _,_we should help the people of the inferior group,7 _ we should remain sensible when giving them money.,but,however,because/since/as,Besides/Whats,more/In addition/Furthermore,even if/even,though,In general/In short/All in all/To draw a,conclusion,3.,翻译句子,(8),尽管自行车有很多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题,因为在速度和舒适度等方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。,Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle,it is not without its problems because bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.,(9),很多人存在这样的误解,认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然,他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。,A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that/wrongly believe that they have completed their education when they finish their schooling.Obviously,they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.,(10),越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了很多严重的问题,如：犯罪等。,An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will have positive effects on the construction of cities.However,this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents,who complain that the migrants have brought about/given rise to/led to/resulted in many serious problems like crime.,课堂练习,最近一则关于“狼爸”通过严厉的家教,甚至鞭打子女促使他们考上北大的报道掀起了讨论的热潮。你们学校上周末也因此开展了一场“,Is Wolf Dad approach wrong?”,的讨论,你对辩论赛作了一份总结。,20%,的学生认为“狼爸”方法正确,80%,的学生不赞成这种方法,1.,教会孩子自律,2.,解决中国父母过分溺爱孩子的问题,1.,方法粗暴,甚至是违法的,2.,使孩子更叛逆,3.,孩子童年快乐更重要,写作内容,1.,以上表格的内容；,2.,你的看法。,参考词汇：,rebellious adj.,叛逆的,参考范文,Last weekend,a debate was held in my school about whether Wolf Dad approach is wrong,and students hold different opinions,.20%of the students,think highly of,Wolf Dad approach because they,firmly believe,that it can teach a child self-discipline,which is very important for their growth.,What is more,too many Chinese children are ruined,with excessive love and care,so Wolf Dad approach is,a good solution to,this big problem.,However,the majority of,the students disapprove of this approach,believing that,it is rude and even illegal.,In addition,children may become more rebellious and,it is more important for them to,have a happy childhood.,From my perspective,Wolf Dad approach is too extreme and,is not suitable for every family,.,精华点评,在正反论证的议论文中,在表达观点的时候,很多考生只是会用,they think,agree,disagree,等简单低级的词汇。考生要注意语言的丰富性。在而本范文则使用了多个不同的词组：,think highly of,firmly believe that,disapprove of,和,believing that,。,另外考生不要把基础写作看成简单的翻译,如“解决中国父母过分溺爱孩子的问题”倘若简单翻译为,solve the problem of Chinese parents spoiling their children,语法上虽然没有错,但是并不地道,因此可以根据信息点的语意和内在逻辑对句子改造为“孩子受到过分的宠爱,而狼爸方法可以解决这个问题：,Too many Chinese children are ruined with excessive love and care so Wolf Dad approach is a good solution to this big problem.,课外作业,如今,选美比赛在青少年中越来越普及,因此你们班就此开展了一场“,Should beauty contests be held among teenagers?”,的讨论,请你根据下面表格内容写一份总结。,一些同学认为,另一部分同学认为,1.,爱美之心是人之常情,2.,提供了展示美和欣赏美的平台,3.,提高青少年审美品味,如在重要场所应该如何穿衣,1.,着重外貌，麻木追求外表美,2.,商业化，参与比赛浪费时间和金钱,总结：外貌并非成功的关键，应注重内在美,参考范文,Recently our class has,had a heated discussion,about whether beauty contests should be held among teenagers.Some students,hold the opinion that,love of beauty is part of human nature,so beauty contests,not only provide a stage for people to show off their beauty but also a good chance to appreciate beauty,.,Beauty contests,in their opinion,can help improve teenagers tastes like helping them choose the right clothes for important occasions.,However,other students disagree because,they are afraid that,most beauty contests,focus on,contestants appearance,which encourages teenagers to,run blindly after,appearances.,Moreover,many beauty contests,are too commercialized and,it is,a waste of time and money,to take part.Although our classmates opinions,vary,we can still safely,draw the conclusion that,a good,face is not the,key to success,and we should,focus more on inner beauty,.,精华点评,首先,本文的语言比较丰富和地道,如“人之常情”可以翻译为,human nature,“,提供平台”可以翻译为,provide a stage for sb.,“,提高品位”可以翻译为“,improve ones taste”,而“麻木追求”可以翻译为“,run blindly after”,。因此,考生在平时的学习中应该多点积累丰富的词汇短语。,另外,本文的句型也比较丰富,第一句使用了,not only.but also.,的句型,;,第二句把,in their opinion,放在句子中间,使句子显得更灵活,;,第三句用了,because,原因状语从句,;,第四句是并列句,;,而最后一句则使用了一个,Although our classmates opinions vary.“,让步状语从句,+,主句”的复合句句型。,Thank you!,