高三英语一轮课件语法1 新人教版必修5-2.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法专项提升,非谓语动词,动词不定式,不定式动词在介词,but,，,except,，,besides,后面时，若这些介词前有实义动词,do,的各种形式，则后接不带,to,的不定式，否则带,to,。,在,cannot but,，,cannot choose but,，,cannot help but,之后接不带,to,的不定式。,I have no choice but to wait.,我除了等别无选择。,I can,t do anything but go out with her.,我除了和她一起出去什么也不能做。,I could not but admit that he was right and I was wrong.,我不得不承认他对了，我错了。,I cannot help but wait for him.,我不得不等他。,I cannot choose but tell him the truth.,我不得不告诉他真相。,不定式作状语,(1),不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。,To learn English well,，,he needs a good dictionary.,为了学好英语，他需要一本好词典。,(,而不能说：,To learn English well,，,a good dictionary is needed.),(2),有些不定式短语可以作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句尾，需要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。,To be honest,，,I know nothing about it.,说实话，我对那件事一无所知。,常见的这类短语有：,to tell the truth,，,to be frank (,坦率地说,),，,to be exact,，,to begin with,。,(3),不定式作结果状语时，常表示一种意外的结果，尤其是和,only,连用时，常用,only to find,。,He ran to the station only to find the train had left.,他跑到火车站却发现火车已开走。,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,(1),不定式作定语与被修饰名词或代词构成动宾关系，并且不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,I have something important to do.,我有要事要做。,注意：当不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，动词不定式常用被动形式。,I,m going to the,market.Do,you have anything to be bought?,我要去市场，你有东西让我替你买吗？,(2),某些动词的不定式可以与,be,连用，常见的有,to blame,，,to see,，,to let,等。,In the accident,，,the car driver was to blame.,在这次事故中，轿车司机应受责备。,分词,分词的时态和语态,分词,时态,语态,意义,例句,主动,被动,现在分词,一般式,doing,being,done,分词动作和主句谓语动作同时发生,Being poor,，,he couldn,t go to school.,The question being discussed now is important.,完成式,having,done,having,been,done,分词动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,Having done his homework,，,he went to play football.,Having been given such a good chance,，,how could he let it pass away,？,分词,时态,语态,意义,例句,主动,被动,过去分词,done,表示被动或完成，有时既表被动又表完成,Heated,，,this kind of wood gives off much smoke.,分词的句法功能,分词具有形容词和副词的属性，因此可以在句中担当定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语的作用。,功能,例句,备注,定语,This is an,amusing,story.The,excited,people rushed into the building.,The boy,standing,_,at,_,the,_,door,is my cousin.,The,letter,posted,_,yesterday,will soon reach him.,1.,单个的分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面,2.,分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词的后面，在功能上相当于一个定语从句,功能,例句,备注,表语,The news was,inspiring,.,The glass is,broken,.,We were,excited,at the news.,1.,现在分词作表语说明主语的性质、特性,2.,过去分词作表语说明主语所处的状态,宾语补足语,I heard a girl,crying,next door.,I,m sorry to have kept you,waiting,for so long.,I found my key,lost,.,1.,现在分词作宾补与宾语之间存在着主谓关系，强调动作正在进行,2.,过去分词作宾补与宾语之间存在着动宾关系即被动关系，强调动作的被动或完成,功能,例句,备注,状语,While,_,crossing,_,the,_,street,，,be careful.,Her parents died,，leaving,_,her,_,an,_,orphan,.,The teacher entered the lab,，,followed,_,by,_,the,_,students,.,分词或分词短语作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、行为方式、伴随状况等，相当于一个状语从句的作用,过去分词与现在分词的被动式和不定式的被动式作定语的区别,这三种形式作定语，主要区别在动作发生的时间上。,(1),过去分词表示动作或是在谓语动作之前，或只是表示被动。,He is a teacher loved and respected by his students.,(2),现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。,The film being shown is directed by,Ang,Lee.,(3),不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。,The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.,独立主格结构,独立主格结构，就是分词有其自己的独立主语，可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随情况状语从句的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表：,表现形式,意义,例句,名词,/,代词,现在,分词,/,过去,分词,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动和完成,Weather permitting,，,we,ll go out for a walk.,Homework finished,，,the boy went out to play.,不 定式,表将来，计划安排要做的事,The exam to be held tomorrow,，,I can,t go to the cinema tonight.,形容,词,/,副,词,表明名词或代词所处的状态,Our lessons(being)over,，,we went to play football.,介词短语,表位置,The girl is walking in the field,，,packet on the back.,表现形式,意义,例句,with,名词,/,代词,现在分词,表主动、进行,They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning.,过去分词,表被动、完成,She had to walk home with her bike stolen.,不定式,表将来,I can,t go out to play with so much homework to do.,形容词,表状态,He used to sleep with windows open.,副词,表状态,He went up to sleep with lights on.,介词短语,表位置,The,children,came running toward us,，,with flowers in their hands.,动名词,在动词,allow,，,advise,，,forbid,，,permit,等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。,Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowed to smoke.,这里禁止吸烟，但你可以吸。,We don,t allow smoking in the hall.,我们不准在大厅内吸烟。,动词,need,，,require,，,want,作,“,需要,”,解时，并且主语为物时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。,The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.,窗户需要擦一下。,It,s no use begging him.,求他没用。,1.(2009,年辽宁卷,)_,，,you need to give all you have and try your best.,A,Being a winner B,To be a winner,C,Be a winner D,Having been a winner,【,解析,】,句意为：要想成为一名胜利者，你需要付出你的全部并竭尽全力。根据句子与空格处非谓语动词的逻辑关系，可知需用不定式作目的状语，故选,B,。,【,答案,】,B,2.(2009,年浙江卷,)_and short of breath,，,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.,A,To be tired B,Tired,C,Tiring D,Being tired,【,解析,】,句意为：虽然疲惫不堪，气喘吁吁，,Andy,和,Ruby,还是第一批登上泰山山顶。分词和形容词短语作状语，说明他们俩到达泰山山顶时的状况：又累又喘不过气来。,A,项表目的；,B,项表伴随或结果；,D,项表原因；,C,项意为,“,令人疲惫的,”,，不合语意。,【,答案,】,B,3.(2009,年浙江卷,)There is a great deal of,evidence_that,music activities engage different parts of the brain.,A,indicate B,indicating,C,to indicate D,to be indicating,【,解析,】,句意为：有大量证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的部位。现在分词,indicating,作定语修饰,evidence,。,【,答案,】,B,4,(2009,年辽宁卷,)When we visited my old family home,，,memory came_back.,A,flooding B,to flood,C,flood D,flooded,【,解析,】,句意为：当我们参观我的老家时，记忆又涌上心头。现在分词作方式状语。,【,答案,】,A,5.(2009,年山东卷,)We are invited to a party_in our club next Friday.,A,to be held B,held,C,being held D,holding,【,解析,】,句意为：我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举行的聚会。,hold,与,party,为动宾关系，所以,hold,应用被动形式；,to be held,作后置定语，表将来，修饰,a party,。,【,答案,】,A,6,(2009,年福建卷,)_not to miss the flight at 1520,，,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.,A,Reminding B,Reminded,C,To remind D,Having reminded,【,解析,句意为：有人提醒经理不要错过,15,20,的航班，他匆忙出发去了机场。本题考查非谓语动词作状语，主句主语,the manager,与,remind,之间的关系为逻辑上的动宾关系，故排除,A,、,C,、,D,三项，因为这三项表主动，而只有,B,项表被动。,【,答案,】,B,7.(2009,年福建卷,)In April,2009,，,President,Hu,inspected the warships in,Qingdao,，,_the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.,A,marking B,marked,C,having marked D,being marked,【,解析,】,句意为：,2009,年,4,月，胡主席在青岛检阅了海军舰队，这也是中国人民解放军海军成立,60,年的标志。,【,答案,】,A,8.(2009,年重庆卷,)Michael,s new house is like a huge palace,，,_with his old one.,A,comparing B,compares,C,to compare D,compared,【,解析,】,句意为：和旧房子相比，,Michael,的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。,compare,与逻辑主语,Michael,s new house,之间构成被动关系答案,】,D,9,(2009,年安徽卷,)The play_next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.,A,produced B,being produced,C,to be produced D,having been produced,【,解析,】,句意为：下个月即将上演的戏剧主要是为了表现地方文化。,to be produced,作后置定语，修饰名词,play,，表示,“,将上演的,”,。,produced,表示,“,上演过的,”,，,being produced,表示,“,正在上演的,”,。,【,答案,】,C,10.2009,年上海卷,)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,，,_all four people on board.,A,killed B,killing,C,kills D,to kill,【,解析,】,句意为：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠毁，机上四人全部丧生。用,kill,的现在分词形式,killing,which killed,作结果状语。,【,答案,】,B,1,(2010,届南昌二中月考,)On the bank of the river,，,we found him_on a beach,，,with his eyes_on a kite in the sky.,A,seated,；,fixing B,sitting,；,fixing,C,seated,；,being fixed D,sitting,；,fixed,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。第一空用,seated,或,sitting,作宾补，第二空处是,with,复合结构，由,fix one,s eyes on sth.,可知应用过去分词,fixed,。,【,答案,】,D,2,(2010,届南昌二中月考,)The survey_in our school last month shows that about 2 percent of the students are addicted to Internet games.,A,conducted B,Having been conducted,C,conducting D,to be conducted,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。动词,conduct,与主语,the survey,之间存在动宾关系，又依据,last month,可知，该动作发生在过去，故选,A,项。,conducted,在此作定语，相当于,which was conducted,。,【,答案,】,A,3,(2010,届湖南长郡中学月考,)Alcohol is classified as a downer,，,and although it is legal,，,it can damage the liver and do great harm if_in large quantities.,A,consume B,to consume,C,consuming D,consumed,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。从语意可知，本句中的,it,指,alcohol,，主语,it,与,consume,存在被动关系，因此应该使用,consume,的过去分词形式。,【,答案,】,D,4,(2010,届江西师大附中月考,)_that we should look after the three dogs three times,，,my mother left home.,A,Mentioning,B,Having been mentioned,C,Having mentioned,D,Mentioned,【,解析,】,mention,这个动作的逻辑主语是,mother,，首先排除,B,、,D,两项；,mention,这个动作发生在,leave,之前，故应用,having done,的形式。,【,答案,】,C,5,(2010,届郑州外国语学校月考,)With the decision_,，,the members present at the meeting were dismissed.,A,to make B,to be made,C,made D,having made,【,解析,】,考查,with,结构。,“,with,名词,/,代词,to do/doing/done,”,结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等情况。本句用过去分词表示一个被动完成的动作。,【,答案,】,C,6,(2010,届河北辛集中学一模,)Sichuan Province,，,_in southwest China and_an area of 485,000 kilometers,，,is one of the largest and most inaccessible provinces in China.,A,located,；,covered B,locating,；,covering,C,located,；,covering D,locating,；,covered,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。第一空需要用过去分词，该处作定语，相当于,which is located,；第二空后有宾语,an area of 485,000 kilometers,，,cover,的逻辑主语又是句子的主语，所以用现在分词形式。,【,答案,】,C,7,(2010,年上海春招,)_well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.,A,Do B,Doing,C,Done D,Being done,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。句子缺少主语，所以此处用动名词作主语，即,Doing well in an interview,是句子的主语，其他选项都不能充当主语，所以这里选,B,项。,【,答案,】,B,8,(2010,年上海春招,)_by the growing interest in nature,，,more and more people enjoy outdoor sports.,A,Influenced B,Influencing,C,Having influenced D,To be influenced,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的解题关键是找准其逻辑主语。在本题中，,influence,的逻辑主语是,more and more people,，它们之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。,D,项表示将来，不符合语意。,【,答案,】,A,9,(2010,年上海春招,)_as an Olympic event,，,a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.,A,To accept B,Having accepted,C,To be accepted D,Accepting,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。句意为：一项运动项目要想被认可为奥运项目，必须至少在四个大洲,75,个以上的国家开展过。动词,accept,的逻辑主语是,a sport,，它们之间为动宾关系，此处不定式,to be accepted,表示目的，符合语意。,【,答案,】,C,10,(2010,年西安检测,)It doesn,t make sense_after_.You should cheer up and practice hard instead.,A,to complain,；,being defeated,B,complain,；,defeating,C,complain,；,being defeated,D,to complain,；,defeating,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句子结构可知，,it,在句中作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语，由此可以排除,B,、,C,两项；根据语意可知，,you,与,defeat,是动宾关系，即要用被动形式，由此可以排除,D,项。,【,答案,】,A,11,(2010,年西安检测,)It is hoped that this project_ by the end of 2010 will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.,A,being accomplished B,accomplished,C,will be accomplished D,to be accomplished,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。根据句中的时间,“,by the end of 2010,”,可知，动作发生在将来，故用不定式表将来，又因,project,和,accomplish,之间是动宾关系，故选,D,项，不定式,to be accomplished,作,project,的后置定语，表示还没有发生的被动动作。,【,答案,】,D,12,(2010,年福建四地六校第三次联考,)_by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit,，,they decided to visit the small old town again.,A,Struck B,To be struck,C,Having struck D,Being struck,【,解析,】,strike,与其逻辑主语,they,之间为动宾关系，故应用动词的过去分词形式作状语。,【,答案,】,A,13,(2010,年皖南八校第二次联考,)Something as simple as_vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life.,A,to eat B,eating,C,to be eating D,eaten,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。空格前的,as,为介词，其后的动词应用其动词形式。句意为：童年时像吃蔬菜这样简单的事也许后来会帮助你预防严重的疾病。,【,答案,】,B,14.(2009,年福建检测,)The computer programs are a puzzle to me.The more I think of them,，,the more questions I think of_.,A,ask,B,asked,C,being asked D,to ask,【解析,】,考查非谓语动词的用法。这里是不定式作定语。,【,答案,】,D,15.(2009,年苏州调研,),What do you suppose_her look so upset?,_by her boyfriend again.,A,making,；,Misunderstood,B,had made,；,Being misunderstood,C,made,；,Having been misunderstood,D,has made,；,Misunderstood,【,解析,】,考查句子结构。从句子结构可知第一个空是句子的谓语动词，故可排除,A,项；第二空是分词短语用来回答问句中的,“,What,”,，选项必须具有名词性，因此过去分词,(D,项,),应该被排除；选项,B,中的,had made,时态不对，本题不具备使用过去完成时的条件，即它不是发生在另一个过去的动作之前。由此可见本题应该选择,C,。,【,答案,】,C,