外交文献选读.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,外交文献选读,honghong zhu,课程介绍,教材：外交文献文书教程 黄金祺,课程内容：,外交文书,专著,选读,电信和双边外交等,讲授方式：,1.,以课本为主，主要讲解外交文书的写作格式，方式等,2.,看外交资料，包括文献和纪录片等。,3.,专著选读等主要了解其内容和作者的观点,考核方式：,课堂成绩期末考试 期末考试形式为闭卷考试,Notes,Definition:is most commonly used form of written communications affairs.There is no universal accepted rules for drafting them.There are 2 kinds of Notes:,I.Formal Note:a personal lette,r used between the foreign ministers of one country and his counterpart in another,between one head of mission and another.It is the most formal form of written communications and deals with comparatively more important political affairs of diplomatic formalities.,Circumstances to use,1.A state to officially inform foreign governments of important events such as a change in its political system;change of state leaders;diplomatic recognition;establishment,severance or resumption of diplomatic relations;replacement of consuls.,2.To make representations on such issues as conclusion or revision of a treaty;convening of an international conference;the establishment of consulates on reciprocal terms;arrangements for visits of state leaders;other important political,military or economic affairs.,To inform another ambassador of the assumption of post by an ambassador,No.20120829,Xi,an,August 29th,2012,Your Excellency,I presented on August 28th,2012 to His Excellency Bill Clinton,President of the United States of America the Letter of Credence by which the President of the People,s Republic of China appoints me Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to United States of America.,On the assumption of my post,I sincerely assure Your Excellency that I shall endeavour to establish good official and personal relations with you in order to strengthen the friendly relations between our two countries.,I avail myself of this opportunity to express to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration.,Honghong Zhu,His Excellency John Doe,Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of United States of America,Washinton DC,To inform the dean of the diplomatic corps of the assumption of post by an ambassador,No.20120829,Xi,an,August 29th,2012,Your Excellency,I presented on August 28th,2012 to His Excellency Bill Clinton,President of the United States of America,the Letter of Credence by which the President of the People,s Republic of China appoints me Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America.,On the assumption of my post,I wish to assure Your Excellency that I shall endeavor to establish good relations with Your Excellency,Dean of the Diplomatic Corps.I avail myself of this opportunity to express to you the assurances of my highest consideration.,Honghong Zhu,His Excellency Mike Bering,Dean of the Diplomatic Corps in the United States of America,Washinton DC,To acknowledge the receipt of a Note about the assumption of post by an ambassador,No.20120901,September 1st,2012,Washinton DC,Your Excellency,I have the honour to acknoledge the receipt of your note dated August 29th,2012 informing me that you have presented to His Excellency Bill Clinton,President of the United States of America your Letter of Credence,by which the Chairman of Peoples Republic of China apponits you Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America.,In congratulating you on the assumption of your important post,I which to assure you that I shall endeavour to establish good relations,both official and personal,with you in order to strengthen the friendly relations between our two countries.,I avail myself to this opportunity to express to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration.,John Doe,His Excellency Honghong Zhu,Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of People,s Republic of China,Xi,an,To acknowledge the receipt of a Note about the assumption of post by an ambassador,No._,Place,date,Your Excellency,I have the honour to acknoledge the receipt of your note dated _ informing me that you have presented to His Excellency _,President(Chairman,King)of the United States of America your Letter of Credenceby which the Chairman(president,King)of _ apponits you Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to _.,In congratulating you on the assumption of your important post,I which to assure you that I shall endeavour to establish good relations,both official and personal,with you in order to strengthen the friendly relations between our two countries.,I avail myself to this opportunity to express to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration.,(signed)_,His Excellency_,Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of _,Place,Circumstances to use,3.To fulfill diplomatic formalities as transmitting important messages from a head of state or government;expressing congratulations or condolences;notifying the assumption of post by an ambassador,his departure or return.,4.Any other matter for which a Formal Note is deemed necessary to stress its importance.,To transmit a message of congratulation,No._,Place,Date,Your Excellency,I have the,honour,to forward to Your Excellency,for transmission,the following message of congratulation from Premier _ of the State Council of _ to _,_:,“,His Excellency Mr._,President of _,_,_,Premier of the State Council of _,Place Date,”,I avail my self of this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the,assurences,of my highest consideration.,(signed)_,His Excellency _,Minister of Foreign Affairs of _,Place,To transmit a message of congratulation,No.123456,London,June 12th 2012,Your Excellency,I have the,honour,to forward to Your Excellency,for transmission,the following message of congratulation from Premier Hillary Clinton of the State Council of the United States of America to Her Majesty Queen of United Kingdom:,“,Her Majesty,Ms,Elithebath,II,Queen of United Kingdom,On the occasion of the Diamond,Jublee,I wish to express sincere congratulations and best wishes to You Majesty and your country.,Hillary Clinton,Premier of the State Council of the United States of America,Washington DC,June,11th,2012,”,I avail my self of this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the,assurences,of my highest consideration.,Smart Brain,His Excellency Mark Twine,Minister of Foreign Affairs of United Kingdom,London,To notify the passing away of a state leader,No.2012,Warsaw,April 11th,2010,Your Excellency,I inform you with profound grief that,Lech Kaczynski,President,of,Poland,passed away on,April 10th,2010,after,serious air craft,.,Everyday from,8 am to 6 pm,from,April 12th,2010 to April 22th,2010,inclusive will be the hours for paying condolences at the Embassy.,Adam Lazarski,His Excellency,San Zhang,Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of,China,Warsaw,To express condolences,(Head of mission to head of mission),No._,Place,date,Your excellency,Shocked to lear of the untimely passing away of _,_(office)of _(country),I wish,on behalf of my entire staff and in my own name,to express deep condolences to you and,through you,to the Government of _(country)and the family of the deceased.,(signed)_,His Excellency_,Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of _,Place,To thank an ambassador for offering condolences,No._,Place,Date,Your Excellency,On behalf of _ and the family of _,I wish to express thanks to Your Excellency,the diplomatic envoys to _ and other friends of the diplomatic corps for the messages of condolence sent by the diplomatic envoys and for their personal attendance and that of other friends of the diplomatic corps to show sympathy on the occasion of the passing away of _ of _(country).,I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurance of my highest consideration.,(signed)_,His Excellency _,Dean of the Diplomatic Corps in _,Place,How to write,A Formal Note is written in the first person.Its component part,usually expressed in traditional French Terms,are:,“,L,Appel,”,(such as,Your Excellency,for a minister,vice minister or an ambassador)which is usually placed above the body of the Note.For countries between which,comrade,are used for addressing each other,then the title,comrade,instead of,Excellency,or,Mr.,is used.,“,La Courtoisie,”,or the complimentary phrases which conclude the Note.Usually:,“,I avail myself of this opportunity to express,”,The word,express,appears only in a Note addressed to a person for the first time.It is replaced by,renew,in further correspondence with the same person.It can also address as:,“,please accept,Your Excellency,the assurances of my highest consideration.,”,中文一般表示为：顺致以最崇高的敬意。,The signature of the addresser,which may includes his official designation should it not be known to the addressee already,The date,to which is appended the place of writing.The position where the date is put in the Note may vary.For a Formal Note in Chinese,it is placed below the signature.,“,La Reclame,”,which consists of the name and official designation of the addressee as well as the destination of the Note,and is reproduced from the address on the envelope.For a Chinese Formal Note,there is no,Reclame,.The name and designation of the addressee appear only in the,appel,.Such as:,乙国外交部长,xxx,阁下：,xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,顺致最崇高的敬意甲国外交部长,xxx,X,年,x,月,x,日,If the Note is numbered,the number is put at the top in the left corner for English Note,and right corner for Chinese Note.,Avoid using any abbreviations.Such as date,United Nations.,For a Formal Note sent from China,the original Note is Chinese whereas English or any other version is only translation.,The official text Formal Note is typed on special paper and for the first page,sheet with a national emblem printed at its head is used.For China,the paper used is traditional ricepaper.,Lesson 2 verbal notes,Verbal Notes,which drafted in the third person,is used much more often and dealt with wider range of affairs.It is less formal however not necessary less important.Like formal notes,there is no universal accept rules on drafting them.,To notify the transfer of a counsellor to a new post,(,translation,),No._,The Embassy of the People,s Republic of China presents its compliments to the Foreign Office,and has the Honour to inform the latter that,after his return to China on _,Mr._,Counsellor of the Embassy,has been transferred to a new post.,The identification cards issued by the Foreign Office in favour of Mr._ and Mrs._ are returned herewith for cancellation.,The Embassy avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the Foreign Office the assurance of its highest consideration.,(seal),Place,date,Foreign office _,Place,通知参赞调任,X,字,xx,号,Xx,国外交部：,中华人民共和国大使馆向外交部致意，并谨通知外交部大使馆参赞,xxx,先生于,xx,日回国后已调任新职。,随照送回外交部发给,xxx,先生和夫人的身份证，请与注销。,顺致最崇高敬意。,使馆印,Xxxx,年,xx,月,xx日于,xx,Structure,It has no,Appel,but usually opens and concludes with a formula of courtesy as:,The Embassy of the People,s Republic of China(Ministry of Foreign affairs)presents its compliments to the Foreign Office(Embassy),and has the Honour to inform(request,state,forward acnoeldge).,The ministry of Foreign Affairs(Embassy)of A avails itself of this opportunity to express(renew)to the Embassy(the Ministry)of B the assurance of its highest consideration,Then,contains the date and the ministry,s stamp,and below is the,reclame,.Verbal Note is not signed but may carry the drafter,s initials.,Also,there shouldn,t be any abbreviations appeared in the note and as said in the formal notes,all original notes are Chinese,and others are translation version.,Notes on Miscellaneous matters,To request granting of a diplomatic transit visa,Translation,No._,The Embassy of the People,s Republic of China presents its compliments to the Embassy of _ and has the,honour,to request the Embassy to grant a diplomatic transit visa,valid for _ day,s stay,to Mr._,_ Secretary of the Embassy of the People,s Republic of China.,It is also requested that a laissez-passer will be issue to him.,The embassy of the PRC thanks the Embassy in advance for the assistance kindly rendered.,Seal,Place,date,Embassy of _,Place,请发过境外交签证,X,字第,xx,号,Xx,国大使馆：,中华人民共和国大使馆向,xx,国大使馆致意，并谨请大使馆发给中华人民共和国大使馆,x,等秘书,xx,先生有效期为,xx,天的过境外交签证。,另请同时发给他免验证,顺致最崇高的敬意。,使馆印,年月日,注,一国派往他国和国际组织办理外交事务的正式代表，有三个不同的层次：大使是最高一级的，通常都授有“特命全权大使”之衔，是一国元首向另一国元首派遣的。公使次之，代办又次之。享有比其他等级外交更高的礼遇,可以请求驻在国元首的接见,.19,世纪末以前,只有大国间才能互派大使,反映了大小国家不平等的地位,现在绝大多数国家均可互派大使,.,大使馆的人员通常分为外交人员、行政技术人员、服务人员和仆役。除外交人员外，其他人员不视为外交官，通常也不享有外交豁免权。外交人员包括大使、武官、参赞、专员、一等秘书、二等秘书、三等秘书等正式派驻人员。,Notes on political affairs,Usually it is drafted like verbal notes,using the third person.It is used for things,such as notify ratification of an agreement,approval on convening an conference.,memoranda,Usually,memoranda doesn,t have essential differences from a Note.However,it is more flexible but less formal than a Note.It doesn,t begin and end with a formula of courtesy and needn,t be signed!Usually,it is drafted in the third person,but it can also be in the first person.,Prepared either before or after an interview as a formal record of the oral communication or conversation to avoid misunderstanding.,If something is too detailed or too long for a note,memo is used instead as it can be as long as required.,Also used as a polite reminder of a certain matter.,Can also be used as a special form of agreement,e.g.memo of understanding.,A memo can be delivered following an interview or like a note.,In the first case,the memo doesn,t need to be numbered nor sealed,nor,reclame,.However,the date is still necessary.,If the memo is delivered like a note,it needs to be numbered,sealed and conclude with,reclame,.If it is delivered with a covering Note,then the memo is just an attachment.,Usually,important memo is marked title,memorandum,even with its subject of the communication.,Paper used for memo depends on its importance,rice-paper or paper bearing national emblem.,Memorandum,The Protocol Department of the ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People,s republic of China has the honour to inform the diplomatic missions in China that,at the friendly suggestion of the heads of a number of diplomatic missions,the first protocol reform mentioned in the memorandum issued by this department on December 23,1972 will be applied in the following way,effective from today:,whe,When a foreign Head of State or Government comes to visit China,the Protocol Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will notify all the heads of diplomatic missions in China so that they can welcome him and see him off on a voluntary basis.And all the heads of diplomatic missions in China will be invited to the welcoming banquet given by the Chinese side.,January 8,1973,备忘录,中华人民共和国外交部礼宾司谨通知各国驻华外交代表机关根据许多国家驻华使节的友好建议，外交部礼宾司一九七二年十二月二十三日所发备忘录中第一项礼宾改革自即日起按以下办法实行：,外国元首和政府首脑来中国访问，外交部礼宾司将通知各国驻华使节自愿参加迎送。中国方面举行的欢迎宴会将邀请各驻华使节出席。,一九七三年一月八日,Letters and telegrams,Letters are ordinary written communications in social intercourse.They are not used as often as Notes,however also constitute an important form of