高考英语 Module4知识与要点课件 外研版必修3 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,Sandstorms in Asia(,亚洲沙尘暴,),连线高考,2010,浙江，阅读理解,D,2010,山东，阅读理解,B,功能,Expressing strong opinions(,表达强烈的看法,),语法,1.The different types of infinitive(,不定式的不同形式,),2,Expressions with,but,infinitive(but,不定式的应用,),重点词汇及拓展,1.,mass,adj,.,大量的；大规模的,2,campaign,n,战役；活动,3,process,n,进程；过程,4,forecast,v,t,.,预报；预告,5,recycle,v,重新利用；再循环,6,evidence,n,根据；证明,7,urgent,adj,.,紧急的,8,chemical,n,化学药品,chemistry,n,.,化学,chemist,n,化学家,9,environment,n,环境,environmental,adj,.,环境的,10.,scary,adj,.,恐怖的；吓人的,scare,n,&.,v,.,惊吓,scared,adj,.,恐惧的,重点词汇及拓展,11,concerned,adj,.,关心的，担心的,concern,n,&v,t,.,涉及；担忧；关注,concerning,prep,.,关于,12,complain,v,t,.,抱怨,complaint,n,埋怨，诉苦,13,protection,n,保护,protect,v,保护,protective,adj,.,保护性的,14,major,adj,.,主要的，多数的,majority,n,多数,15,absolutely,ad,v,.,绝对地，完全地,absolute,adj,.,绝对的,重点短语,1.cut,down,砍倒,2,dig,out,挖出,3,be,caught,in,遭遇,(,坏天气,),4,take,in,吸收；理解；欺骗,5,prevent,/stop.(from)doing,阻止,干,6.give,out,放出；发出,7,protect,.against.,保护,不受,的侵害,8,do,nothing,_,but,do sth.,只有做,9,in a,nutshell,简言之，概括地讲,10,complain,_,about/of,埋怨；抱怨,重点,句型,1.I couldn,t agree with you more.,我非常同意你的看法。,It couldn,t be worse.,糟糕透了。,2,if possible.,如果可能,1,concerned adj.,关心的；有牵连的；挂念的，担心的,归纳拓展,(1)be concerned about,/over/,for,对,关心；挂念,be concerned with/in,牵涉到，与,有关；关于,be concerned that.,担心,as(so)far as.be concerned,就,来说,/,而言,(2)concern,n,担忧；关注的事情,v,t,.,涉及，关系到；关心，关注；使担忧,concern oneself with,/about/,in sth.,忙于,/,关心,(,某事,),show,/express concern about,对,表示关心,/,担心,have no concern for.,对,毫不关心,have no concern with.,和,毫无关系,(3)concerning,prep,.,关于,例句：,We were all concerned about/for her safety.,我们大家都担心着她的安全。,Her latest article is concerned with youth unemployment.,她最近的一篇文章是关于青年人失业问题的。,There is no need to concern yourself with this matter,；,were dealing with it.,你不用管这事了，我们正在处理。,I have a letter concerning your complaint.,我这里有一封关于你投诉的信件。,【,链接训练,】,The meeting was concerned_education reforms and many parents,，,concerned_the future of their children,were present.,A,with,；,for,B,with,；,with,C,for,；,about D,about,；,with,【,解析,】,考查,be concerned with,“,关于，涉及,”,；,be concerned about/for,“,关心，忧虑,”,。句意为：这个会议是关于教育改革的，并且关心孩子未来的家长都出席了会议。,【,答案,】,A,2,major adj.,主要的，较多的，大部分的；主修的,vi.,主修，专攻,(,一般与,in,搭配,),n,主修课程，专业,归纳拓展,(1)major in(,在大学,),主修,(2)majority,n,多数，大多数人或物,a/the majority of.,的大多数,be in the/a majority,构成多数，占大多数,注意：,(1)major,形容词，无比较等级，既不能和,than,连用，也不能与,to,连用。作定语，反义词为,minor,。,(2)a/the majority,作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，此时强调一个整体；若强调其中各个成员时可用复数。,例句：,The play was a major success.,这部戏大获成功。,Now there are a lot of students majoring in English.,现在有很多学生主修英语。,The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.,多数人赞成这个建议。,In the nursing profession,，,women are in a/the majority.,女性在护理行业占大多数。,【,链接训练,】,_ people interviewed prefer TV to radio.,A,The majority,B,The majority of,C,The most D,The most of,【,解析,】,句意为：大多数接受采访的人喜欢电视胜过电台。,the majority of people,是固定用法，,“,大多数人,”,，相当于,most of the people,。,【,答案,】,B,3,urgent adj.,紧急的；迫切的；非常重要的,归纳拓展,(1)be in urgent need of,急需,an urgent look,急切的神情,(2)urge,v,敦促；催促；力劝,urge sb.to do/into doing sth.,催促,(,力劝,),某人干某事,urge sb.on,鼓励，激励，为,加油,urge that,clause,呼吁,(,从句谓语动词用,should,do,的形式，,should,可以省略,),(3)urgency,n,紧急；迫切,例句：,I urge that you should read the report carefully.,我劝你仔细看看这份报告。,The boys urged him to take part in the competition.,男孩子们怂恿他参加比赛。,The law is in urgent need of reform.,这项法律亟待修订。,【,链接训练,】,The doctor _ an X,ray test,，,and then,，,he could make a conclusion.,A,urged me to have,B,urged me having,C,urged against D,urged on me,【,解析,】,考查动词,urge,的用法。句意为：医生催促我做个,X,射线检查，然后他就可以做出诊断。,urge sb.to do sth.,“,催促,/,力劝某人做某事,”,。,【,答案,】,A,4,strength n,U,，,C,力量，实力，力气,归纳拓展,(1)build up ones strength,增强实力,in full strength,全体出动,with all ones strength,尽力,have the strength to do,有做,的力气,/,意志力,on the strength of,依靠，信赖；凭借,(2)strengthen,v,加强,例句：,He hasn,t got enough strength to lift the box.,他没有足够的力气搬起那个箱子。,He pushed against the rock with all his strength.,他用全力推那块石头。,At present America is taking some measures to strengthen the economy.,目前美国正在采取措施以改善经济。,同类辨析,strength,，,force,，,energy,与,power,(1)strength,常指固有的潜力，着重指人的,“,力气,”,，物的,“,强度,”,。,(2)force,主要指,“,自然界的力量、暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量、军事力量,”,等。,(3)energy,主要指,“,人的精力、自然界的能量,”,。,(4)power,主要指做一件事所依靠的,“,能力、功能、人或机器等事物的力量、权力,”,。,例句：,It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.,可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。,We all should put all our energies into our study.,我们都应该把全部精力都投入到学习中。,Knowledge is power.,知识就是力量。,This hurricane made us realize the force of nature.,这次飓风让我们领会到了自然界的力量。,【,链接训练,】,Competition,，,they believe,，,_ the national character rather than corrupt it.,A,enforces B,confirms,C,accords D,strengthens,【,解析,】,enforce,意为,“,强迫,”,，,confirm,意为,“,确认,”,，,strengthen,意为,“,加强,”,，,accord,“,符合，协调，使,一致,”,。句意为：他们相信竞争能增强民族的品性，而不是使它堕落。故选,D,。,【,答案,】,D,To make members of a team perform better,，,the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.,A,strengths B,benefits,C,techniques D,values,【,解析,】,考查名词词义辨析。,strength,此处意为,“,长处；优势,”,，根据句意,“,为了使团队的成员表现得更加出色，教练首先要了解队员们的长处和薄弱的地方,”,可判断出选,A,。,benefit,“,利益,”,；,technique,“,技术,”,；,value,“,价值,”,，均与句意不符，故排除。,【,答案,】,A,1,cut down,砍倒；削减，缩小,(,数量、开支或尺寸,),；驳倒,归纳拓展,cut away,切下，砍掉,cut out,切掉，剪下；割掉；删除,cut in,插嘴,cut up,切碎；剁碎；使伤心,cut off,切断；停掉，隔绝,cut across/through,抄近路穿过,例句：,He cut down the tree and then cut it up.,他先把树砍倒，然后又将其砍碎。,If you don,t cut down your smoking,，,I will cut off your supply.,如果你不减少你的吸烟量，我将把你的供给停掉。,The essay,s too long,it needs cutting down a little.,这篇文章太长，需要缩短一些。,【,链接训练,】,The new coat looks too large on Mary,，,so her mother had to _.,A,cut it out,B,cut it down,C,cut it off,D,cut it up,【,解析,】,句意为：新衣服穿在玛丽身上太大，所以她妈妈不得不将其改小。,cut down,“,砍倒；削减,”,；此处是,“,改小,(,尺寸,),”,，符合题意。,cut out,“,切掉，割掉,”,；,cut off,“,切断，停掉,”,；,cut up,“,剪碎，剁碎,”,，均不符合题意。,【,答案,】,B,2,give out,分发；发出,(,气味、热等,),；用完，用尽；发表，公布,归纳拓展,(1)give out,分发，放出,give in(,交上，呈上,),hand out,分散，散发,hand in(,交上，呈上,),(2)give out,用完，用尽,run out(of),用光，用尽,use up,用完，用尽,注意：,表示,“,用完，用尽,”,时，,give out,与,run out,是不及物动词短语，而,use up,，,run out of,是及物动词短语，有被动语态。主语往往是人。,(3)give oneself away,泄露，露出马脚,give sth.up to sb.,把,让给某人,give way to,给,让步,/,让路；被,代替,例句：,Students were giving out leaflets to everyone on the street.,学生们在向街上所有的人分发传单。,Our food supplies are giving out/running out.,我们储存的食物快要吃光了。,It was given out that the prime minister was to undergo minor surgery.,据宣布，首相将要接受小手术。,The flowers give out a sweet smell,，,which makes us relaxed.,这些花散发出甜甜的味道，使我们感到轻松。,【,链接训练,】,Our food will _.Hurry to get help from the nearby villagers.,No need,，,it will last us for as long as two weeks.,A,give out,B,give off,C,give away,D,give in,【,解析,】,句意为：,我们的食物快要吃完了。赶紧去找附近的村民帮忙。,没必要，我们还能维持两星期。,give out,“,用光，用尽,”,，符合题意。,【,答案,】,A,During the urgent period,，,the ministry of foreign affairs_brief news every day.,A,gave off,B,gave away,C,gave out,D,gave up,【,解析,】,主要考查动词短语的意义区别。句意为：在紧要关头，外交部长每天发布简要新闻。,give out,“,发表，公布,”,，符合题意。,give off,“,散发出,/,放出,(,光、热、气味等,),”,；,give away,“,泄露,”,；,give up,“,放弃,”,。,【,答案,】,C,3,take in,吸收；欺骗；包含；理解；改小；收留，收容,归纳拓展,take along,带,一起去,take away,拿走,take.for.,误以为,是,take on,呈现；雇用,take out,拿出去，拔掉,take over,接管；占领,例句：,She took me in completely with her story.,她的一番花言巧语完全把我蒙骗住了。,I couldnt take in his story at all.,我完全不能理解他的话。,The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.,这个价格包括了食宿等一切费用。,【,链接训练,】,Lets go out and _ the fresh air.,A,take up,B,take off,C,take in,D,take over,【,解析,】,考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我们出去呼吸一下新鲜空气吧。,take in,“,吸收；欺骗；改小,”,，在此题中是,“,吸收,”,的意思。,take up,“,占据，开始从事,”,；,take off,“,脱掉,(,衣帽,),，,(,飞机,),起飞,”,；,take over,“,接管,”,。,【,答案,】,C,If you cant settle the dispute by yourselves,Ill call the police and they will_.,A,take up B,take inC,take on D,take over,【,解析,】,考查动词短语辨析。句意为：如果你们不能解决争端，我会报警，他们会接管的。,take over,“,接管，接任,”,；,take up,“,占据,”,，,take in,“,吸收,”,；,take on,“,呈现，雇用,”,。根据句意可知答案为,D,项。,【,答案,】,D,1,The garbage is then taken away and,，,if possible recycled.,然后垃圾被带走，如果可能的话会进行回收利用。,归纳拓展,(1)if possible,是固定短语，意为,“,如果可能的话,”,，常在句中作插入语，起补充说明的作用。,(2)if possible,用了省略形式，相当于,if it is possible,。,当,when,，,while,，,until,，,if,，,unless,，,once,等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致并且从句中含有,be,动词时，或从句的主谓语分别为,it,和,be,动词时，从句中的主语及部分谓语,(be,动词,),可省略。,(3)if,引导省略的情况有下列几种：,if any,如果有的话,if necessary,必要的话,if so,如果是这样的话,if ever,如果曾经有的话,if not,不这样的话,例句：,It shames me to say it,，,but I told a lie when questioned at the meeting by my boss.,说出这些话令我羞愧，当老板在会议上问我时我撒了谎。,(when questioned at the meeting,是,when I was questioned at the meeting,的省略形式,),Ask Tom to give you a hand if necessary.,如果有必要让汤姆帮你一把。,Are you ready,？,If not,，,I,m going without you.,准备好了吗？要不我就自己去了。,He didn,t say a word until asked.,直到被问他才说话。,【,链接训练,】,Some of you may have finished unit one._,，,you can go on to unit two.,A,If you may B,If you do,C,If not D,If so,【,解析,】,考查省略句的用法。句意为：你们中的一些人也许已经完成了第一单元。如果这样的话，可以继续第二单元。,If so,是省略形式，相当于,If you have done that/so,。假若选择,B,项，应改为,If you have,。,【,答案,】,D,He is always thinking more of himself,，,seldom,，,_,，,offering to help others.,A,if never,B,if ever,C,if possible,D,if any,【,解析,】,考查状语从句的省略。,if ever,是,if he ever offers to help others,的省略形式。,【,答案,】,B,2,(1)I couldn,t agree with you more.,我再同意你的观点不过了。,(2)It couldn,t be worse.,不可能比这更糟糕了。,表示同意的表达法常见的有：,Certainly.,/Sure./,Of course.,当然可以。,No problem.,没问题。,/Yes,，,please.,可以，请,(,做,),吧。,Yes,，,I think so.,对，我认为是这样。,All right./OK.,行，可以。,That,s a good idea,！是个好主意。,It,s a good idea that we start at once.,我们马上出发是个好主意。,I agree(with you),我同意,(,你的意见,),。,I agree to your plan.,我同意你的计划。,Exactly.,正是。,That,s correct.,正确。,Yes,I think so.,是的，我也是这么想的。,表示不同意的看法的表达法常见的有：,No way.,没门。,Of course not.,当然不。,I don,t agree.,我不同意。,I don,t think so.,我不这么想。,I,m afraid not.,恐怕不是。,I,m afraid I(really)can,t agree with you.,恐怕我,(,实在,),不能同意你的看法。,【,链接训练,】,Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?,Thank you._.,A,It couldnt be better B,Of course you can,C,If you like D,Its up to you,【,解析,】,根据回答中,“,谢谢,”,可以推断回答是表示同意的语气，,It couldnt be better,意为,“,再好不过了,”,。,【,答案,】,A,I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.,_.It was her fault.,A,No way B,Not possible,C,No chance D,Not at all,【,解析,】,no way,意为,“,没门,”,，表示拒绝对方的要求，符合题意。,not possible,意为,“,不可能,”,；,no chance,意为,“,没机会,”,；,not at all,意为,“,根本不,”,。,【,答案,】,A,动词不定式,动词不定式由,“,to,动词原形,”,构成，其否定形式是,“,not to do,”,。,(1),不定式的用法,作主语：不定式短语作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有两种。,a,把不定式置于句首。,例句：,To get there by bike will take us half an hour.,骑自行车去那里要花半个小时。,b,用,it,作形式主语，把真正的主语,(,不定式,),置于句后，常用于下列句式中：,It,be名词,to do sth.,例句：,It,s our duty to obey the law.,遵守法律是我们的责任。,It takes sb.,some time,to do sth.,例句：,How long did it take you to finish the work?,完成这项工作花了你多长时间？,It,be,形容词,for sb.,to do sth.,注意：,在表示事物性质的形容词后常用介词,for,，这类形容词有,hard,，,easy,，,heavy,，,necessary,，,possible,，,important,，,difficult,等。,例句：,It,s hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.,对他来说改掉坏习惯很难。,It,be,形容词,of sb.,to do sth.,注意：,在表示性格特征、行为表现的形容词后用介词,of,，这类形容词常用的有,good,，,kind,，,nice,，,clever,，,honest,，,wise,，,careful,，,brave,，,careless,，,cruel,，,foolish,，,rude,，,stupid,，,silly,等。,例句：,It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.,把老师说的每件事都记下来，你真是愚蠢。,It seems(appears),形容词,to do sth.,例句：,It seemed impossible to save money.,存钱似乎不太可能。,作宾语,a,只能跟不定式作宾语不接,v,.,ing,形式的动词有,agree,，,ask,，,aim,，,arrange,，,choose,，,decide,，,demand,，,expect,，,fail,，,help,，,hope,，,learn,，,long,，,manage,，,offer,，,plan,，,prepare,，,pretend,，,promise,，refuse,，,wish,，,want,等，同时这些词大部分可接,that,引导的从句。,例句：,They failed to fulfill the plan.,他们没能完成计划。,He agreed to keep it a secret.,他答应保守这个秘密。,When our visit to the farm was over,，,we expected to start back on foot.,当参观农场结束时，我们期望步行返回。,b,不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在宾语补足语之后，用,it,作形式宾语。,例句：,I find it interesting to work with him.,我发现和他一起工作很有趣。,作表语,(,说明主语的内容,),。,例句：,My job is to help the patient.,我的工作就是帮助病人。,同类辨析,不定式和动名词都可作主语和表语，一般来说，表示比较抽象的一般行为多用动名词；表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。有时两者可以互换。,作定语,不定式作定语必须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。,例句：,Would you like something to drink?,你想喝点什么吗？,I have no time to talk with her.,我没时间同她谈话。,a,不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系，即主谓、动宾与同位关系。,例句：,Do you have any suggestions to offer?,你有什么建议要提吗？,(,动宾关系,),He is always the first to come and the last to leave.,他总是第一个来，最后一个走。,(,主谓关系,),We all have a chance to go to college.,我们都有一个上大学的机会。,(,同位关系,),b,作定语的不定式必须是及物动词；如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,例句：,He had no money and no place to live in.,他既没钱也没地方住宿。,c,当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：,例句：,Have you anything to send?,你有什么东西要寄吗？,(,不定式,to send,的动作执行者是,you),Have you anything to be sent?,你有什么要,(,我或别人,),寄的东西吗？,(,不定式,to be sent,的动作执行者是已被省略的,me,或,someone else),作宾语补足语。,例句：,He asked me to do the work with him.,他要求我同他一起完成这项工作。,归纳拓展,不定式作宾补，下列词后省略,to,；巧记不定式作宾补省略,to,的动词：,五看：,see,，,watch,，,notice,，,observe,，,look at,三使役：,make,，,have,，,let,二听：,hear,，,listen to,一感：,feel,半帮助：,help,此类动词用于被动语态时，其后作主语补足语的不定式必须带,to,。,例句：,I often hear him sing the song.,He is often heard to sing the song.,我经常听到他唱那首歌。,作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件。,例句：,He hurried to the school only to find nobody was there.,他匆忙赶到学校却发现没人在那儿。,(,结果,),To look at him,，,you would like him.,你看见他，就会喜欢他的。,(,条件,),I came here to learn from you.,我到这来是向你学习的。,(,目的,),I,m very glad to hear the news.,听到这个消息我很高兴。,(,原因,),a,目的状语还可以用in order to,或,so as to,来表示。,例句：,In order to pass the exam,，,he worked very hard.,为了通过考试，他努力学习,We ran all the way so as not to be late.,为了不迟到，我们跑了一路。,b,不定式也可在作表语的形容词后面作状语。,例句：,The question is difficult to answer.,这个问题很难回答。,c,在,too,形容词或副词不定式结构中，不定式作状语。,例句：,He is too old to do that.,他年龄太大不适合做那件事。,d,另外句子中有,enough,这个词时，常用不定式作状语。,例句：,The room is big enough to hold us.,这间房子很大，足以容纳我们。,作独立成分。,例句：,To tell you the truth,，,I don,t agree with you.,说实话，我不同意你的看法。,不定式与疑问词,who,，,which,，,when,，,where,，,how,，,what,等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,例句：,He didn,t know what to say.,他不知道该说什么。,(,宾语,),How to solve the problem is very important.,如何解决这个问题至关重要。,(,主语,),My question is when to start.,我的问题是什么时候开始。,(,表语,),(2),不定式的时态与语态,动词不定式的一般时：表示与谓语动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于谓语动词之后。,例句：,I expect to hear from you soon.,我希望早日收到你的回信。,时态,主动,被动,一般时,to do,to be done,进行时,to be doing,/,完成时,to have done,to have been done,完成进行时,to have been doing,/,动词不定式的进行时：表示与谓语动词处于同一时间层面并且动作正在进行。,例句：,The boy pretended to be listening attentively when the teacher looked at him.,当老师看那个男孩时，他假装在认真听讲。,动词不定式的完成时：表示发生在谓语动词之前。,例句：,He seems to have read the novel.,他看起来好像读过那部小说。,动词不定式的被动式：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。,例句：,The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.,明天召开的会议是关于如何扼制污染的。,(3),不定式的省略,在英语中，有时为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中的动词，只保留其中的不定式符号,to,。这种情况常出现在下列动词之后：,expect,，,hope,，,wish,，,mean,，,prefer,，,care,，,forget,，,want,，,try,或出现在,be glad,，,be happy,，,would like,，,would love,等结构之后。,例句：,Would you like to go with me?,你愿意和我一起去吗？,I would like to.,我愿意。,注意：,如果在省略动词的不定式结构中含有,be,，,have,，,have been,时，这些词要保留。,例句：,I didn,t tell him the news.,我没有告诉他这则消息。,Oh,，,you ought to have.,哦，你应该告诉他的。,在,let go,，,let fly,，,make do,，,make believe,，,hear say,，,go hang,等固定短语中不定式不带,to,。,例句：,Dont let go the rope.,抓紧绳子别松手。,在与,why,连用时，只用于以,why,或,why not,开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带,to,。,例句：,Why not have a rest,？为什么不休息一下？,在,had better,，,would rather,，,would sooner,和,cannot but,等短语之后，不定式不带,to,。,例句：,I would rather stay at home than go to meet him.,我宁愿待在家里也不愿去见他。,将连词,rather than,，,sooner than,置于句首时，其后的不定式不带,to,。,例句：,Rather than wait,，,I decided to go home by taxi.,我决定乘出租车回家，而不愿再等下去了。,S