高考英语 Unit2知识与要点课件 新人教版必修3 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,话题,1.Problems with diet(,饮食问题,),2.Balanced diet and nutrition(,平衡膳食与营养,),功能,1.Suggestions and advice(,建议和劝告,),2.Seeing the doctor(,看医生,),3,Agreement and disagreement(,同意与不同意,),语法,Modal verbs(,)(,情态动词,),重点,单词,diet,，,energy,，,digest,，,balance,，,fry,，,ought,，,slim,，,curiosity,，,raw,，,lie,，,customer,，,strength,，,consult,，,debt,，,glare,，,limit,，,limited,，,benefit,，,discount,，,sigh,，,combine,重点,短语,be,/go on a diet,，,ought to,，,lose weight,，,get away with,，,tell a lie/,lies,，,win.back,，,in debt,，,spy on,，,cut down,，,before long,，,earn ones living,，,put on weight,，,glare at,，,benefit from,重点,句型,1.Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.,2,“,Nothing could be better,，,”,he thought.,3,He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!,4,Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.,1,diet n,日常饮食；规定饮食；,vi.,节食,归纳拓展,keep a balanced diet,保持饮食平衡,be/go on a diet,节食,put sb.on a diet,限制某人的饮食,People who are on a diet mustnt have chocolate.,正在节食的人不能吃巧克力。,No sugar in my coffee,，,please.Im dieting.,请不要给我的咖啡放糖，我在节食。,同类辨析,diet,与,food,(1)diet,指,“,惯常的或规定的食物,”,，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，又指疗养时规定的食物。常用于表示病人、犯人、减肥者等的食物。它是可数名词，其前需加不定冠词。,(2)food,一般用语，凡是能吃能喝的具有营养的东西都可称为,food,。它是不可数名词，但在表示食品的不同种类时，可以用复数。,The doctor has ordered me a special diet.,医生给我安排了一套特殊的饮食。,We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.,我们必须要有食物吃，有衣服穿。,【,链接训练,】,用,diet,和,food,填空,The Chinese _ is considered to be the healthiest in the world.,People eat different kinds of _ which can change into energy.,The sick man cant live without _,，,but he must have a _ without sugar.,【,答案,】,diet,food,food,；,diet,2,balance n.,天平；平衡；余额；,v.,平衡；权衡,归纳拓展,(1)keep ones balance,保持平衡,lose ones balance,失去平衡，心慌意乱,off balance,失去平衡的；没有站稳定的,on balance,考虑过一切以后，总的说来,a sense of balance,平衡感,keep a balance between A and B,保持,A,与,B,平衡,(2)balance A against B,权衡,/,比较,A,与,B,(3)balanced,adj,.,保持平衡的,He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall.,他在墙上用双臂保持平衡。,I think on balance I prefer the new system.,总的说来，我觉得自己更喜欢新体制。,You should balance the advantages against the disadvantages before your final decision.,在作出决定之前，你一定要权衡利弊。,【,链接训练,】,If you want to learn skating,，,it is important to learn _ yourself.,A,to keep to balance,B,to keep balancing,C,to keep skating D,to keep to skate,【,解析,】,考查动词,balance,的用法和句意理解。因为从选项中看，在结构方面,B,、,C,两项均是正确的，,keep,后面须接动名词。对于学习滑冰而言，坚持练习固然重要，但更重要的是学会保持平衡。而,C,项的意思是,“,学会不断地滑,”,，显然不合句意，故答案为,B,。,【,答案,】,B,3,lie,(1),n,.,谎话；谎言,a white lie,善意的谎言,tell a lie/lies to sb.,对某人说谎,(2),v,.,说谎,(lie,lied,lied,lying),lie to sb.,向某人说谎,(3),vi,.,位于，躺,(lie,lay,lain,lying),lie down,躺下,There lies.,某地有,诱导展望,(1),当,lie,表示,“,位于,时，,lie in,指,“,位于,范围内,”,；,lie on,指,“,与,相邻；接壤；紧挨着,”,；,lie to,指,“,不接壤；隔,相望,”,。,(2)lay,v,t,.,放；搁；下,(,蛋,),；产,(,卵,)(laid,laid,laying),lay the table for dinner,摆桌子吃饭,lay eggs,下蛋,It is no wonder that she lied to the court.,难怪她对法庭撒了谎。,Sichuan lies in the southwest of China.,四川位于中国的西南部。,She would lie awake at nights worrying.,她老是在夜里睁着眼躺着，忧心忡忡。,The man lying there lied that he had laid the money on the table.,躺在那里的那个人撒谎说他把钱放在桌子上了。,【,链接训练,】,The boy _ on the ground _ that he had seen a cock _ an egg.,A,laying,；,lay,；,lay B,lying,；,lie,；,lie,C,lying,；,lied,；,lay D,lay,；,lying,；,lay,【,解析,】,第一空应用现在分词表示,“,躺,的意思，作后置定语；第二空为谓语动词，作,“,撒谎,”,讲；第三空意为,“,产卵，下蛋,”,，用不带,to,的不定式作宾补。,【,答案,】,C,Its not right to _ a lie,，,whenever and wherever.,A,tell B,speak,C,say D,talk,【,解析,】,tell a lie,意为,“,说谎,”,，是固定用法。,【,答案,】,A,4,strength n,U,力气，力量；,C,强项，长处；优点,归纳拓展,(1)strong(,adj,.),强壮的,strength(,n,.),力量,strengthen(,v,.),加强；增强,strengthless(,adj,.),无力的,(2),相关短语,build up ones strength,增强实力,/,体力,at full strength,满员，满额,in(great)strength,人多势众地,He pushed against the rock with all his strength.,他用全力推那块石头。,It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.,可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。,We should know our strengths as well as weaknesses.,我们不仅应当了解我们的缺点，也应了解我们的优点。,同类辨析,strength,，,energy,，,force,与,power,这组同义词都与,“,力,”,有关，其区别是：,(1)strength,指,“,(,物的,),强度、,(,人的,),力气,”,，尤指承受重物的,“,力量,”,，还可指人的,“,强项、长处,”,。,(2)energy,指物理定义,“,能,”,。用于人时，指人的精力、活力、工作能力，还可指,“,能量、能源,”,。,(3)force,指物理学意义上的,“,力,”,，尤指人或物撞击或推动物体时所用的,“,力,”,；也指为做成某事而使用的,“,力量,”,，还可指武力强制力、效力。还可引申为,“,兵力、军队,”,。,(4)power,可指一切内存的、外来的、具体的或抽象的力，可引申为势力、政权；也指电力、动力、功率,I didnt have the strength to get out of bed.,我没有力气下床。,Young people usually have more energy than the old.,年轻人比老年人精力更充沛。,The force of the explosion broke all the windows.,爆炸力把窗子都震碎了。,Congress has power to declare war.,国会有权宣战链接训练,】,Competition,，,they believe,，,_ the national character rather than corrupt it.,A,enforces B,confirms,C,accords D,strengthens,【,解析,】,enforce,意为,“,强迫,”,，,confirm,意为,“,确认,”,，,strengthen,意为,“,加强,”,，,accord,意为,“,符合，协调，使,一致,”,。句意为：他们相信竞争能增强民族的品性，而不是使它堕落。由此可知选,D,。,【,答案,】,D,5,consult vt.,咨询；请教；商量；查阅；查找,归纳拓展,(1)consult sb.about sth.,向某人咨询某事；向某人请教有关,的事,consult(with)sb.(about/on sth.)(,就某事,),与某人商量,consult a dictionary for the meaning of a word,查辞典找某词的词义,(2)consultant,n,顾问,consultation,n,咨询，商讨，协商,If the pain continues,，,consult your doctor without delay.,如果疼痛持续不停，要立即请医生诊治。,An increasing number of clients are consulting them about Social Security changes.,越来越多的客户向他们咨询有关社会保障制度的变化。,Have you consulted a dictionary,？你查过辞典了吗？,The minister today had consultations with the president.,那个部长今日与总统进行了磋商。,【,链接训练,】,The experts consulted _ each other _ how to reduce the loss caused by the earthquake in Yushu.,A,with,；,about B,to,；,on,C,for,；,at D,with,；,with,【,解析,】,consult with sb.about sth.,意为,“,就某事与某人商量,”,。句意为：专家们就如何减少玉树大地震造成的损失而相互商量。,【,答案,】,A,Before going on a diet,，,it is advisable to _ your doctor.,A,tell B,consult,C,look up D,refer to,【,解析,】,句意为：节食之前，最好先向医生咨询。,tell,“,告诉,”,，后跟双宾语；,consult,“,请教，咨询,”,；,look up,“,在,(,词典等,),中查看,”,；,refer to,“,谈到，提及，参考,/,查阅,(,资料,),，与,有关,”,。,【,答案,】,B,6,limit n,界限，限度,vt.,限制，限定,归纳拓展,(1)go beyond/over the limit,超过限度,within the limits of,在,的范围内,set a limit to/on,put a limit on.,对,规定限度,(2)limit sth.to sth.,把,限定在,范围内,(3)limitation,n,限制；局限,limitless,adj,.,无限的，无限制的,limited,adj,.,有限,(,制,),的,be limited to sth.,受制于某事,Im willing to help you,，,within limits.,我愿意帮你的忙，可有一定限度。,The EU has set a strict limit on levels of pollution.,欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限制。,There is a limit to one,s life,，,but no limit to serving the people.,人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。,We must limit the expense to 10 pounds.,我们必须把费用限制在,10,英镑以内。,Families are limited to four free tickets each.,每户限发四张免费票。,My life is limited,，,but learning is limitless.,吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。,【,链接训练,】,Because of the small size of this primary school,，,it only admits a _ number of children.,A,limited B,minimum,C,certain D,confined,【,解析,】,此处用,limited,表示,“,有限的,”,。,【,答案,】,A,There was not much time left,，,so the speaker was asked to _ his speech to ten minutes.,A,make B,limit,C,do D,give,【,解析,】,考查动词辨析。句意为：剩下的时间不多了，因此演讲者被要求把演讲限制到十分钟。,【,答案,】,B,7,benefit vt.,使,受益,vi.,受益于,n,利益，好处，优势,归纳拓展,(1)benefits(,pl,.),津贴，救济金,beneficial,adj,.,有益的，受益的,(2)benefit from/by.,从,受益，得益于,benefit sb.,/sth.,对某人,/,某物有益,for the benefit of sb.,for ones benefit,为了,的好处，得益于,be of(much,，,great)benefit to,be beneficial to,对,有益,to ones benefit,对某人有益的是,The discovery of coal brought many benefits to the town.,煤的发现给这个城镇带来了许多好处。,The crops benefited from the rain.,庄稼得益于这场雨。,It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.,据说瑜伽对人体健康有很大好处。,He was travelling for the benefit of his health.,为了身体健康，他出去旅行了。,Fresh air and vegetables are beneficial to health.,新鲜空气和蔬菜有益于健康。,【,链接训练,】,The fresh air _ our health and we _ it.,A,benefits to,；,benefit,B,benefits,；,benefit from,C,benefits from,；,benefit,D,benefits,；,are benefited by,【,解析,】,考查动词,benefit,的用法。,benefit,作及物动词时，意为,“,对,有益，对,有好处,”,；作不及物动词时，后加介词,from,，表示,“,从,中获益,”,。句意为：新鲜空气对我们的健康有好处，我们受益于新鲜空气。,【,答案,】,B,8,combine vt.&vi.(,使,),结合，,(,使,),联合；,(,使,),化合,归纳拓展,(1)combine.with/and.,将,与,结合在一起,(2)combination,n,联合；化合；结合,a combination of一种,的结合,(,物,),in combination with,与,联合起来；在联合中,(3)combined,adj,.,共同的，联合的,be combined with,与,相结合,Some films combine education with recreation.,有些电影把教育与娱乐结合了起来。,A combination of factors led to her decision to resign.,综合各种因素之后她决定辞职。,Theory should be in combination with practice.,理论应和实践相结合。,同类辨析,combineconnect,，,join,与,unite,(1)combine,指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起，是指抽象意义的结合，并成为不可分割的一体，在这一过程中每个个体的特性也随之消失，意为,“,合并，联合,”,。,(2)connect,表示,“,连接，结合,”,，指两者相互连接，但仍保持各自原有的特征或状态，强调用连接物或通过某种方式把孤立的东西联系起来。,(3)join,侧重把原来不相连的事物紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开。也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来，或加入到某团体中去。,(4)unite,指许多的个体由于共同的目的或性质联合、团结、结合在一起，构成一个整体。,The two small shops combined to make a large one.,这两个小店合并起来成为了一个大商店。,The two villages are connected by the river.,这条河把两个村子连在一起。,The two parties were united in fighting against foreign invasion.,在抵抗外国侵略这一点上，两个政党联合起来了。,Two extra carriages were joined onto the train at York.,列车在约克又挂上了两节车厢。,【,链接训练,】,If your knowledge can be in some way _ with my experience,，,we are sure to succeed.,A,joined B,connected C,united D,combined,【,解析,】,考查动词辨析。句意为：如果把你的知识与我的经验在一定程度上结合在一起，我们一定能成功。,combine,指两个或多个的人或物结合在一起，是指抽象意义的结合，并成为不可分割的一体，意为,“,合并，联合,”,。,join,强调,“,把分离的东西合并为一体,”,；,unite,强调,“,联合后形成新的整体，统一行动,”,；,connect,指,“,两个不同的、分离着的事物在某一点上相互接触，但各自仍保持原有的独立性,”,。,【,答案,】,D,1,get away with,(1),不因,(,做了某事,),受处罚；被放过,He was so lucky to get away with only a fine for such a serious mistake.,他犯了如此严重的错误，侥幸只被罚款了事。,(2),偷偷携带某物潜逃；偷走,Thieves got away with computer equipment worth$30,000.,盗贼偷走了价值,3,万美元的计算机设备。,归纳拓展,get about,走动；旅行；,(,消息等,),传开来,get on/along well with.,与,相处得好；进展得好,get in touch with.,与,取得联系,get into the habit of.,染上,的习惯,get into trouble,陷入困境,get out(of.)(,使,),出去；离开；逃脱；摆脱,【,链接训练,】,Dont be tempted to cheat,youll never _ it.,A,get away with B,get away from,C,get out of D,get behind with,【,解析,】,get away with,意为,“,做了某事而不受惩罚；偷偷携带,跑掉,”,，符合题意。,get away from,意为,“,逃脱；逃离,”,；,get out of,意为,“,逃脱，摆脱,”,；,get behind with,意为,“,落后；拖欠,”,。句意为：别想着作弊,作弊者逃脱不了惩罚。,【,答案,】,A,2,in debt,欠债，欠账，负债,归纳拓展,(1)in debt,中,in,表示,“,处于,状态中,”,，,debt,前不加任何冠词。,(2)go,/get/,run into debt,负债,be in heavy debt,负债累累,be out of debt,不欠债,(,状态,),pay off all the debts,还清债务,(,动作,),be in sb.s debt,be in debt to sb.,欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人,(3),类似短语：,in trouble,处于困境中,in danger,处于危险中,in order,有秩序地,in surprise,惊奇地,in touch,保持联系,Im in heavy debt at the moment,，,but I hope to be out of debt when I get paid.,现在我欠债很多，但希望在发了工资后能还清。,Its easier to get into debt than get out of it.,欠债容易还债难。,You saved my life,；,I am in debt to you forever.,你救了我的命，我永远感恩不尽。,【,链接训练,】,Ill always be _ to you for your help.,A,in debt B,debt,C,running into debt D,debts,【,解析,】,be in debt to sb.,固定短语，,“,欠某人的人情,”,。,【,答案,】,A,After ten years of hard work,，,they at last got _.,A,out of debt B,into debt,C,in debt D,out of debts,【,解析,】,get out of debt,“,还清债务,”,，,get into debt,“,背上债务,”,。句意为：经过十年的艰辛劳作，他们终于还清了债务。因此可排除,B,、,C,两项，,D,项的表达形式错误。,【,答案,】,A,3,cut down,(1),砍倒；杀死；夺去,的生命；损害,的健康,Trees used to be cut down for firewood in the past.,在过去，树木常常被砍伐做木柴。,In the old society,，,hunger,，,cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.,在旧社会，饥饿、寒冷和疾病夺去了村子里许多人的生命。,(2),减少，缩减；改小或裁短衣服,The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.,医生劝他少喝酒。,My mother cut down my father,s trousers to fit me.,我母亲把父亲的裤子改小了给我穿。,We might cut the book down to a little over a hundred pages.,我们可以把这本书的页码缩减到一百页多点儿。,归纳拓展,cut away,切除，剪去,cut up,切碎；齐根切掉；使丧气，使痛心,cut off,切断，中断,cut out,删,(,省,),掉，戒掉,cut in,插嘴，突然插入,cut through,剪断；贯穿,cut across,绕近道穿过；超过,【,链接训练,】,Bob _ the branches from the tree.Wed better go and _ for firewood.,A,cut away,；,cut them up,B,cut off,；,cut them down,C,cut away,；,cut them out,D,cut off,；,cut them up,【,解析,】,cut away.from.,“,从,上砍下,”,，,cut.up,“,把,劈成碎片,”,。句意为：鲍勃从树上砍下树枝。我们最好是把它劈碎当柴火用。,【,答案,】,A,4,“,Nothing could be better,，,”,he thought.,他想：,“,再没有比这些更好的了,”,。,(1),此句中形容词,(,或副词,),的比较级,better,与否定词,nothing,连用，表示最高级的含义。常用的否定词有,no,，,not,，,never,，,nothing,，,nobody,，,hardly,等。,(2),另外，否定词,so,adj,./,ad,v,.,原级,as,也表示最高级。,(3)nothing(,或,no),比较级,than.,可表示最高级含义。,(4),最高级的表达方式,形容词最高级前要有物主代词、所有格形式或定冠词,the,；若没有限定词或有不定冠词，不表示最高级意义，仅表示,“,很,”,。,【,链接训练,】,Its a fine day today for an outing.We cant hope for _ at this time of the year.,A,a nice day B,a nicer day,C,the nicer day D,the nicest day,【,解析,】,句意为：今天是一个好天，适合外出。我们在一年中的这个时候别想有比今天更好的天气了。比较级,nicer,与题干中的否定词,can,t,连用，其意义表示最高级。,【,答案,】,B,1,ought to,和,ought not to,(1)ought,没有人称、数和时态的变化，只有一个形式，后接带,to,的不定式，意为,“,应该，应当,”,，表示,“,责任，义务，劝告，可能性,”,等，有时含有责备的意味，语气上比,should,强。,You ought to take care of your parents.,你应该照顾你的父母。,注意：,ought to,还可以表推论，用来表示我们的猜测或得出的结论：某件事是很有可能的,(,因为它合乎逻辑或是正常的,),。,Henry ought to be here soon,he left home at six.,亨利应该很快就到了,他六点钟就从家里出发了。,(2)ought to,的否定式为,“,ought not to,”,，后面跟动词原形，缩写为,oughtnt to,。其一般疑问句形式是将,ought,置于主语前。,He ought not(oughtnt)to tell her the news.,他不该把这个消息告诉她。,Ought I to go,？我该去吗？,Yes,，,you ought to.,对，你应该,(,去,),。,(3),在反意疑问句里，下面两种形式都可以：,Bob ought to be at home now,，,shouldnt/oughtnt he?,鲍勃现在应该在家，不是吗？,2,have to,，,dont have to,和,mustnt,(1)have to,表示客观需要，即周围的环境、习惯、协约等诸如此类的东西，要求某人,“,不得不做某事,”,。,Its too late,，,I have to leave now.,天太晚了，我现在必须离开了。,(2)have to,由于是由,“,have,to,”,构成，因此它有过去时,had to,和将来时,will have to,，且现在时中也有人称和数的变化。,I had to leave yesterday.,昨天我不得不离开。,We wont have to start next week.,我们没有必要下周就开始。,(3)have to,的否定式及疑问式通常借助于助动词,do,来表达，也可以把,have,看作助动词。,Did you have to tell him about that?,你必须把那件事告诉他吗？,I havent to leave until seven.,我可以等到七点再离开。,(4)have to,的否定式,dont have to,表示没有义务或必要做某事，意为,“,不必,”,，常可以回答,must,提问的疑问句。而,must,的否定式,mustnt,主要指说话人主观的命令或强烈的劝告。,Do we have to finish this today?,我们今天一定得完成这项工作吗？,Yes,，,you must./No,，,you dont have to.,对，必须完成。,/,不，没有必要。,3,need,和,neednt,need“,需要，必要”，既可用作情态动词，也可作实义动词。,(1),用作情态动词，后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句。,Need I do it at once,？我需要马上做这件事吗？,Theres plenty of time.We neednt drive so fast.,时间很充足，我们不必开这么快。2),用作实义动词，有动词的各种形式变化，可用于一切句式。其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词,do,或,does,。,He needs our help.,他需要我们的帮助。,The bike needs repairing.,The bike needs to be repaired.,这辆自行车需要修理。,We dont need to tell him the truth.,我们没必要告诉他真相。,诱导展望,由于用作情态动词的,need,通常不用于肯定句，所以对于以,need,开头的疑问句的否定回答可用,neednt,，但是肯定回答却不能用Yes,，,I need.,之类的，而常用,Yes,，,I must.,来回答。,Need you go now,？你需要现在就走吗？,Yes,，,I must.,是的，我必须现在就走。,No,，,I neednt.,不，不必。,4,在运用情态动词时应注意以下几点：,“,情态动词,have done,”,是历年高考的热点之一，可对过去的动作表示推测，责备，怀疑等多种意义。现将这种结构的主要用法归纳如下：,(1)must,have done,表示对过去发生情况的肯定推测，意为,“,想必或肯定,(,已经,),做了某事,”,。,The ground is rather wet,，,so it must have rained last night.,地面很湿，所以昨晚一定是下雨了。,(2)may,/might,have done,表示对过去情况或所发生事情的推测，意为,“,可能,/,大概,(,已经,),做了某事,”,。,Tom may have gone to Shanghai,，,but Im still not sure about it.,汤姆可能去上海了，但我仍不确定。,(3)can/could,have done,表示过去没有实现，意为“本来可以做，事实上去没有做”。,I paid a visit to New York last month and we stayed at a nice hotel.,我上个月去了纽约，我们住在一家不错的旅馆里。,Oh,，,you could have stayed with Barbara.She is always willing to do you a favour.,噢，你该住在芭芭拉家的。她总是愿意帮你的忙。,cant,/couldnt/,mightnt have done,表示对过去情况的否定性推测，意为,“,不可能已经做了某事,”,。其中,can,表示的可能性最大。,He cant/couldnt have finished so much work in so short a time.,他不可能在这么短的时间内完成如此多的工作。,在疑问句中,can/could,表示对过去情况的疑问性推测，表示,“,可能已经,了吗？,”,Someone must have broken into our bedroom.Who could have done it?,一定是有人进了我们的卧室，谁会那样做呢？,(4)should/ought to,have done,意为,“,过去本该做某事而实际上没有做,”,，表示说话人后悔、遗憾或责备的语气。,I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard,，,but it was too l