高考英语英语语法专题之名词课件 新课标 人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Grammar Revision,名,词,(Nouns),一、分类,(Classification),A:,专有名词,(Proper nouns),B:,普通名词,(Common nouns),Countable nouns,(,可数名词,),Uncountable nouns,(,不可数名词,),Individual Nouns,（个体名词）,Collective Nouns,（集体名词）,Abstract Nouns抽象名词）,Material Nouns,（物质名词）,二、数,(Number),A:Singular number,(,单数,),B:Plural number,(,复数,),（,1,）一般的词，包括,元音字母加,y,结尾的词，直接,在词尾加,s,（,2,）以,-,s,-,x,-,ch,-,sh,结尾的词在词尾加,es,（,3,）以,辅音字母加,y,结尾的词，变,y,为,i,再加,es,（,4,）以,f,或,fe,结尾的词，应变,f,或,fe,为,v,再加,-,es,1.,规则名词单复数变化,:,2.,不规则名词单复数变化,:,（,1,）,单复数同形,:,sheep,deer,fish,means,species,species,works(,工厂,),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,（,2,）,改变字母,：,man-m,e,n,woman-wom,e,n,policeman-policem,e,n,saleswoman-saleswom,e,n,foot-f,ee,t,tooth-t,ee,th,goose-g,ee,se,Mouse-M,ic,e,abacus-abac,i,(,或,abacus,es,),，,phenomenon-phenomen,a,另,：,penny,（,pen,ce,或,penn,ies,）,（3,）,增加字母,:,child-child,ren,ox-ox,en,（,4,）,以,o,结尾的词,：,加,s,:,photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco,kangroo,加,es,:,tomato,potato,hero,Negro,dingo,另,：,zero,（,zero,s,或,zero,es,）,（,5,）,以,f,或,fe,结尾的词,:,直接加,s,：,roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变,f,为,v,再加,es,：,life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief,另外,：,handkerchief,（,handkerchief,s,或,handkerchie,ves,）,beef,（,bee,ves,菜牛,、,beef,s,怨言,；,牢骚,）,3.,名词单复数的特殊情况,:,(1),集体名词只用作复数,：,police,cattle,people,poultry,the youth,(2),集体名词用作不可数名词,:,clothing,jewellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),machinery,wealth,(3),集体名词视具体情况而定单复数,：,family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy,(4),只有复数形式的名词,:,clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,compasses,scissors,handcuffs,pincers,goods,thanks,wishes,wages,tears,troops,forces,resources,(5),以,s,结尾但不表示复数,:,mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods,(,森林,),works工厂,),(6),有没有,s,结尾意义不同,：,glass glasses,cloth clothes,work works,sand sands,snow snows,water waters,wood woods,goodgoods,time times,(,时代,),paper papers,(,论文,),green greens,(,青菜,),custom customs,(,海关,),spirit spirits,(,酒精,情绪,),light lights,(,灯,),experience experiences,(,经历,),arm arms,(,武器,),iron irons,(,镣铐,熨斗,),compass,(,指南针,),compasses,(,圆规,),(7),姓氏后加,s,并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩,:,the Greens,；,the,Chengs,(8),合成名词的复数形式,：,将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数,：,looker(s,)-on,passer(s,)-by,mother(s,)-in-law,将最后一部分变为复数：,grown-,up(s,),go-,between(s,),(,中间人,），,good-for-,nothing(s,),(,无用之人）,含,boy,girl,lady,等的合成的名词：,它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。,如：,boy students,girl friends,lady drivers,含,man,或,woman,的合成名词：,它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：,a man doctor,two men doctors,(9),名词只能用复数形式的短语：,do exercise,s,（,做操,）,take note,s,(,做笔记）,take turn,s,（轮流）,make repair,s,（搞修理）,change train,s,（,改换火车,）,make friend,s,with,（交朋友）,shake hand,s,with,(,握手）,as follow,s,（如下）in rag,s,（,衣衫褴褛,）,in dozen,s,（成打的）,(9),名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：,make face,s,/,a face,（,做鬼脸,）,Have talk,s,/,a talk,with,sb,.,(,与某人交谈）,Play joke,s,/a joke,on,（拿,开玩笑）,Make contribution,s,/,a contribution,to,（为,做贡献）,(10),名词单复数意义不同的短语：,Have,a word,with,sb,.,（,与,某人说句话,）,Have word,s,with,sb,.,（与,某人吵架）,Make cloth,(织布）,Make clothe,s,（制衣）,三、名词的格,(Case),A:,通格,(Common case):,主格,(Subject case),宾格,(Object case),B:,所有格,(Possessive case),1.,s,属格：,原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。如,：,the teachers book;the horses tail,然而，时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、,海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也,可以用,s,属格。如：,todays newspaper;,the citys transportation,一般的名词，包括不以,s,结尾的复数名词，,在词后加,s,。如：,the childrens book,以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加,。,如：,the teachers office,以,s,结尾的专有名词的所有格，既可加,s,也可加,。如：,Engels,（,s,）,letter,两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用,所有格形式，如,:,Tom and Mikes room,若表示分别拥有时，则要在每个名词后用,所有格形式，如,:,Toms and Mikes rooms,2.of,属格：,多用于无生命现象的名词，也可用于有生命现象的名词；当一个名词有较长的定语时，就只能用,of,短语来表示所有关系。,如the cover,of,the book;,a toy,of,Li,Pings,younger brother,3,双重属格,：,既有,s,的属格，又有,of,的属格。通常,s,属格表示所有关系，,of,属格表示部分与整体的关系。如,:,a friend,of,my fathers;a book of Toms,4.,表示“某人自己的”的属格,:,用,of ones own,表示，不可用,of,反身代词。,例如：,This is the house,of my own,.,四、名词的性,（,Gender,),Masculine,（,阳性,）,:,actor,waiter,master,prince,lad,hero,2.Feminine,（,阴性,）,:,actress,waitress,mastress,princess,lass,heroine,3.Neuter,（,中性,）,:,teacher,worker,monkey,sheep,tree,crop,五、名词在句子中的作用,（,Function,),功 能,例 子,主语,Bush,was elected president.,表语,These are not,goats,but,sheep,.,宾语,She was reading a,book,.,同位语,Mr.Smith,the manager,will host the meeting.,定语,You are supposed to gather at the,school,gate.,补语,Marx made London,the base,of revolution.,状语,The couple walked,shoulder to shoulder,.,呼语,Be quiet,children,.,连词,The moment,they saw the tower,they cheered.,