高考英语第一轮基础专题复习课件6 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,六、动词的时态和语态,1.,（,2009,山东，,34,）,I was out of town at the,time,so I dont know exactly how it,.,A.was happeningB.happened,C.happensD.has happened,解析,“,事情的发生,”,是和,“,was out of town,”,同时,发生的，故用一般过去时。,B,2.,（,2009,宁夏26,）,His sister left home in 1998,and,since.,A.had not been heard of,B.has not been heard of,C.had not heard of,D.has not heard of,解析,句意为：他的妹妹自从,1998,年离开家后一,直杳无音讯。根据句意，指从,1998,年后到现在一,直没有音讯，故应用现在完成时，排除,A,和,C,项；,又因他的妹妹和,hear of,之间是被动关系，故排除,D,项。,B,3.,（,2009,江苏，,21,）,The population of Jiangsu,to more than twice what it was in,1949.The figure is now approaching 74 million.A.has grownB.have grown,C.grewD.are growing,解析,本句中谈论的人口的增长是从,1949,年一直,到现在的人口的增长，所以应该用现在完成时态。,又因为,population,作主语时谓语动词应该用单,数，所以此题选,A,。,A,4.,（,2009,江苏，,22,）,Ann is in hospital.,Oh,really?I,know.I,go and visit,her.,A.didnt;am going toB.dont;would,C.dont;willD.didnt;will,答案,D,解析,在听完第一个说话者的话之后,“,我不知道,Ann,在住院,”,这个情况就已经成为过去，所以要用,一般过去时，因此可以排除,B,、,C,两项；我去看她,这个动作发生在将来，是临时决定要去做某事，,没有计划和安排性，所以用一般将来时，不用,be,going to,结构，由此可以排除,A,项。故此题应该选,D,。,5.,（,2009,江苏，,25,）,Hi,Torry,can,I use your,computer for a while this afternoon?,Sorry.,.,A.Its,repaired,B.It,has been repaired,C.Its,being repaired,D.It,had been repaired,解析,由,sorry,可知，第二个说话者拒绝了第一,个说话者借电脑的要求，只有选,C,项，第二个人,的理由才充分。答句句意为：对不起，我的电脑,正在被修理。,C,6.,（,2009,天津，,2,）,My parents,in Hong,Kong.They,were born there and have never,lived anywhere else.,A.live,B.lived,C.were,living,D.will,live,解析,由第二句中的,“,.have never lived,anywhere else.,”,可知，空格处应用一般现在时,表示状态。,A,7.,（,2009,上海，,29,）,Mary went to the box office,at lunch,time,but,all the tickets,out.,A.would,sell,B.had,sold,C.have,sold,D.was,selling,解析,玛丽去售票处是一个过去的动作，而票全,部售完发生在玛丽去售票处之前，因此是“过去的,过去”，故用过去完成时。,B,8.,（,2009,上海，,36,）,During the period of recent,terrorist,activities,people,not to touch,any unattended bag.,A.had,always been warned,B.were,always being warned,C.are,always warning,D.always,warned,解析,由句意可知，,people,与,warn,之间是被动关,系，故排除,C,、,D,两项；,A,项是过去完成时，表示,“,过去的过去,”,，而语境中没有这种时间提示，故,选,B,项，即,“,人们一直被警告不要去触动任何无人,看管的包裹,”,。,B,9.,（,2009,江西，,29,）,What is the price of,petrol these days?,Oh,it,sharply since last month.,A.is,raised,B.has,risen,C.has,arisen,D.is,increased,解析,由,since last month,可知应该用现在完成,时,首先排除,A,、,D,。再根据句意可知应该选,B,。,rise,是不及物动词，意为,“,上升,”,，符合题意。,arise,意为,“,站立，出现,”,，不符合语境。,B,10.,（,2009,江西，,31,）,Do you want a lift home?Its very kind of,you,but,I have to work,late in the,office.I,overslept this morning,because my alarm clock,.,A.doesnt,go off,B.wont,go off,C.wasnt,going off,D.didnt,go off,解析,由上文的,I overslept this morning,可知,此处谈论的是发生在过去的一件事，所以用一,般过去时。,D,11.,（,2009,四川，,15,）,Why dont we choose,that road to save time?,The bridge to it,.,A.has,repaired,B.is,repaired,C.is,being repaired,D.will,be repaired,解析,根据上下文来看，不选那条路的原因是通,向那条路的桥梁正在被修，故用现在进行时态的,被动语态。,C,12.,（,2009,四川，,18,）,You speak very good,French!,Thanks.I,French in Sichuan,University for four years.,A.studied,B.study,C.was,studying,D.had,studied,解析,句意为,:,你法语说得很好！,谢谢。,我在四川大学学了四年法语。此处表示过去某,一段时间所进行的动作，纯粹是过去的事实，,与现在没有关系，故用一般过去时。,A,13.,（,2009,辽宁，,24,）,Excuse,me,Marcia,a,reporter from,Vanity Fair,all day.,Could you speak to her now?,A.phones,B.has,phoned,C.has,been phoning,D.phoned,解析,句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自,Vanity Fair,的记者一整天都在打电话，你现,在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始的动作一直持,续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中,allday,表示一段时间。,C,14.,（,2009,辽宁，,31,）,My parents have promised,to come to see me before I,for Africa.,A.have,left,B.leave,C.left,D.will,leave,解析,句意为：我父母答应在我动身去非洲前来,看我。主句中,have promised to come to see me,表示,“,答应将要来看我,”,，时间状语从句中的动词,应用一般现在时代替将来。,B,15.,（,2009,福建，,31,）,According to the literary,review,Shakespeare,his characters,live through their language in his plays.,A.will,make,B.had,made,C.was,making,D.makes,解析,因为是,“,根据文学评论,”,做出的事情，故,用一般现在时来表示动作的时间性。,D,动词的时态,1.,一般现在时,一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在，指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示：,（,1,）表示现状、性质、状态或经常或习惯性的动作，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。,John sometimes sits up very late.,约翰有时很晚才睡。,（,2,）表示客观事实或普遍现象。,I usually go to bed at nine.,我通常,9,点钟睡觉。,2.,一般将来时的几种用法比较,（,1,）,be going to,表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。,（,2,）,shall/will do,表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时想到的。,（,3,）,be to do,sth,.,表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。,（,4,）,be about to do,sth,.,表示“即刻，就要”，后面不能接表示将来的时间状语。,（,5,）用于条件、时间等状语从句中，例如由,if,unless,before,as,soon as,when,once,引导的状语从句，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,（,6,）少数用于表示动作起止的动词。如：,go,come,leave,start,arrive,begin,等有时也用一般时态代替将来时态。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作（表示车、船、飞机等按时刻表要发生的动作）。,The plane for Beijing takes off at 930.,去北京的飞机,930,起飞。,（,7,）少数用于表示动作起止的动词，如,:,go,come,begin,leave,arrive,return,take,等有时也用现在进行时代替将来时。,3.,现在进行时,表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。具体表示：,（,1,）表示说话时刻正在发生或进行着的动作。,（,2,）表示现在阶段正在进行的动作。,4.,现在完成时,现在完成时是过去的动作或状态对现在的影响或对现在造成的结果，以及表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。注意以下几点：,（,1,）现在完成时除可以和,for,since,引起的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：,during/in/over the,last(past)few,years(months,weeks),in,recent years,。,（,2,）现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：,It is/has been+,一段时间,+since,从句,That/This/It is the only.,That/This/It is the best/finest/most interesting.,（,3,）非延续性动词,marry,close,die,arrive,post,come,fall,leave,go,break,lose,give,join,jump,receive,buy,borrow,become,start,begin,graduate,如果用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语,for.,，,since.,连用。,5.,一般过去时,是与现在没有联系的时态，只强调过去的事实，不强调与现在的关系。,6.,过去完成时,（,1,）第一种类型是：过去完成时,+before/by the time/when.+,一般过去时。,第二种类型是：,Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+,主语,+,过去分词,+when/than/when+,一般过去时。,第三种类型是：,I had thought/expected/meant/wanted.,表示过去未实现的希望或计划。,第四种类型是：动作发生顺序是过去的过去。,（,2,）表示过去未实现的希望或计划，用,I had hoped/expected/supposed/meant/thought/wanted/to do,sth,.,句型，表示我本希望,/,想,/,可能,/,打算,/,认为,/,想做某事。,7.,过去将来时（相对于过去某个时间发生在将来的动作）,过去将来时是相对一般将来时的时态，用法与其相同，但要注意时态变化。,注意,was/were going to do,sth,.,表过去将来，或表示过去未曾实现的愿望或想法。,8.,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别,现在完成时表示动作截止到现在已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，也可表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作，强调动作的持续性。,I have written three letters.,我已写完三封信。（已写完）,I have been writing three letters.,我一直在写三封信。（可能还在写）,注意,（,1,）有些动词，如,ork,study,live,teach,等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。,（,2,）下列动词不能用于进行时态。,短暂动作类：,finish,marry,get,up,come,go,等。感官类：,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,seem,appe,ar,等。,感觉类：,hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive,等。,存在类：,be,exist,remain,stay,obtain,等。,占有、从属类：,have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist,of,等。,认知类：,understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember,等。,被动语态,1.,英语中被动语态常用于下列几种场合：,不知道动作的执行者；不必提到动作的执行者；强调或侧重动作的承受者,;,动作的执行者很模糊；有些动词习惯上常用被动语态。,Its suggested that we put the meeting off.,有人建议我们延期举行会议。,2.“,It+be,+,过去分词,+,从句”结构的被动结构,It is known that.,众所周知,It is suggested that.,有人建议,It is believed that.,有人相信,It is hoped that.,大家希望,It is thought that.,大家认为,3.,被动语态与系表结构的区别,被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表示动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表示状态。,These things are sold quickly.,（被动语态）,这些东西卖得很快。,These things are all sold out.,（系表结构）,这些东西已经卖完了。,常使用系表结构的词有：,be seated,坐着，,be hidden,躲藏，,be lost,迷路，,be drunk,喝醉，,be dressed,穿着，,be devoted to,致力于；献身，,be determined,决定，,be compared,比较。,4.,不使用被动语态的几种情况,（,1,）当,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,等系动词后面接形容词时。,（,2,）当,break out,take place,go off,run out,give out,give in,work out,come outcome into being,run out,give in,happen,take place,break out,等动词表示“发生；制定”等意思时。,The plan worked out successfully.,这项计划很成功。,（,3,）,want,require,need,worth,deserve,后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。,These flowers want/require/need watering.,这些花需要浇水。,（,4,）有时尽管不定式与其逻辑主语是被动关系，但不定式仍用主动语态。不定式作状语，如果句子中存在,light,heavy,difficult,easy,comfortable,等词时就应该用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。,（,5,）当,cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash,cook,lock,shut,dry,drink,wash,等表示某种性质且动词带状语修饰语时。,无时间状语的易错点,If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago,you would have known what we,about.,A.TalkedB.have talked,C.were talkingD.would talk,由于高考考查动词的时态时往往不给出具体的,时间状语，因此在解答动词的时态题时，考生要善,于从上下文或者具体的语境中确定动作发生的时,间，从而确定使用什么时态。,【,解题探究,】C,。句意为：如果你十分钟以前进入聊天室的话，你就会知道我们当时正在谈论什么内容。表示过去正在进行的动作要用过去进行时。故正确答案为,C,。,易混时态的常错点,The old man who,in the deserted house alone for ten years has been settled in a nursing home now.,A.LivedB.has lived,C.has been livingD.had lived,对一些容易混淆的时态的考查也是高考考查动,词时态的一大热点。解答该类题目时，考生首先要,掌握各种时态的具体用法，其次在做题时一定要根,据所给出的语境判断动作发生的时间：是过去的过,去，是过去，是现在，还是将来，然后根据时态的,用法来确定正确答案。,【,解题探究,】A,。由“,has been settled in a nursing home now”,可知，现在那位老人已经不住在那座房子里了，也就是说那位老人在那座房子里住了十年的动作并没有持续到现在，与现在没有关系，故不能用完成时。这里只表示过去曾经发生过某事，应该用一般过去时，故正确答案为,A,。,难辨句式易错点,1.How could I apply for a course online?,Just fill in this form and we what we can,do for you.,A.SeeB.are seeing,C.have seenD.will see,题干为小对话时，一定要读懂语境，要善于从语境中确定动作发生的时间。有时看是否是固定句型也会很有用，因为在一些固定句型中时态也是相对固定的，如在“祈使句,+,and,+,陈述句”这个句型中陈述句往往用一般将来时。,【,解题探究,】D,。答语意为：先把这个表格填好，我们将看看能为你做些什么。故要用一般将来时。,2.Suddenly everyone stopped talking.It became,clear that something unexpected,.,But,for a while,I didnt know what it was.,A.has happened,B.is happening,C.happened,D.had happened,主从句中的时态一致也是高考考查时态的热点,之一。在叙述过去的事情时，主句和从句都要用与,过去相应的时态。主句为一般现在时的时候宾语从,句或其他的从句可以根据需要用相应的时态。,【,解题探究,】D,。由语境可知这里是在叙述过去发,生的事情。这里强调的是在“,everyone stopped,talking”,这一过去动作之前发生的动作，即表示“过,去的过去发生的动作”，故用过去完成时。,难辨时态语态易错点,（,2009,湖南，,27,）,Would you please keep silent?The weather report,and I want to listen.,A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast,C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast,在考查动词的时态和语态时，高考试题往往把,时态和语态放在一起考查。要解答好这种类型的题,目，首先要判断用主动语态还是用被动语态，判断,用哪种语态主要是判断主语与谓语动词之间的关系；,其次再判断动作发生的时间。,【,解题探究,】B,。句意为：请你保持安静好吗？正,在广播天气预报，我想听听。,broadcast,与主语,the,weather report,构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且该动作正,在进行，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态形式。,2.Water,at 100.In such hot weather,it,wont take much time to boil water.,A.boilsB.is boiled,C.will boilD.is boiling,主动形式表示被动意义也是高考考查动词的时,态和语态的热点之一。当谓语动词被用来说明主语,的性质或特征时，往往用主动表示被动，因为此时,的谓语动词并不强调是一个被动的动作。,【,解题探究,】A,。“水在,100,会沸腾”这是一种客观,事实，也是水的一种性质，故选,A,。又如：,The knife,cuts sharply.,这把刀很锋利。,1.,（,2009,合肥市三次质检）,Although many,measures,the worlds economy is still,going down.,A.were takenB.have been taken,C.will be takenD.are taken,解析,考查动词的时态与语态。表示过去发生的,动作对现在造成影响，所以用现在完成时；,take,与,measures,之间构成动宾关系，所以要用被动语,态。,B,2.,（,2009,安徽皖南八校三次联考）,This,Monday morning I was informed I,as,one of the three exchange students from our,college.,A.had been choosingB.was chosen,C.had been chosenD.was choosing,解析,choose,的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过,去完成时。此处又表示被动，故用过去完成时的,被动语态。,C,3.,（,2009,安徽名校联考（二）,The pianist,planned to give a concert on March 8 but the,date,because of his illness.,A.was postponing,B.was postponed,C.had been postponed,D.was being postponed,解析,考查时态和语态。日期被推迟，所以用被,动；这里表示的是对过去动作的一般性陈述，应用,一般过去时。,B,4.,（,2009,杭州二次质检）,Years ago we didnt,know this,but recent science,that women,who drink more than two cups of coffee,every day are more likely to have heart,disease than those who dont.,A.showedB.has shown,C.will showD.is showing,解析,考查时态。这里用现在完成时表示已经得,出了该结论。,B,5.,（,2009,杭州二次质检）,If I hadnt been,caught in the heavy rain,I could have been,back by 7 oclock.,What a pity!Stella,here to see you.A.isB.wasC.would beD.has been,解析,考查时态。第一句是与过去事实相反的虚,拟语气，因此第二句应该用一般过去时。,B,6.,（,2009,温州二次质检）,Youd better keep,quiet in class.,Sometimes I,.Yesterday,I was as,quiet as a mouse during my English class.,A.wouldB.do,C.didD.was,解析,考查动词的时态。根据语境来看应该是描,述了主语的习惯性的行为，所以要用现在时。,B,7.,（,2009,金丽衢十二校二次联考）,When you,finish your work,dont forget to put the tools,back where they,.,A.areB.will be,C.wereD.had been,解析,考查时态。这里指的是拿之前的位置，故,要用过去式。,C,8.,（,2009,金丽衢十二校二次联考）,Hurry,up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the,school gate.,Oh!I thought they,without me.,A.wentB.are going,C.have goneD.had gone,解析,考查时态。答语意为：我原以为她们不等我,就走了呢。“想”和“走”两个动作有时间上的先后,关系，故用过去完成时。,D,9.,（,2009,济南市二次统考）,Hey,Lee.I,you never took interest in computer games.,What a surprise!,A.dont thinkB.didnt think,C.thinkD.thought,解析,考查时态。句意为：太令人惊讶了，我原,以为你绝不会对电脑游戏感兴趣的。说话人现在,发现,Lee,对电脑游戏感兴趣，以前没想到。,D,10.,（,2009,济南市二次统考）,Excuse me,I,wonder if you can help.I,my ID cardBut where did you lose it?,A.have lostB.lost,C.had lostD.lose,解析,考查时态。一般过去时和现在完成时均,可表示事情已经发生，但一般过去时强调动作本,身，而现在完成时强调该动作的结果和影响。第,一个人说自己的,ID card,丢了想寻求帮助，所以,应用现在完成时。,A,11.,（,2009,潍坊市二次质检）,And the horses,up to the finish line.Theyre neck and,neck.neck and neck all the way.Oh,the,Italian horse Mamma Mia,the race!,A.come;is winning,B.have come;wins,C.are coming;won,D.are coming;wins,答案,D,解析,考查时态。第一空是进行时表示将来意,为,“,马即将到达终点,”,；第二空是表示客观事实。,12.,（,2009,潍坊市二次质检）,The BBC news,is usually not difficult to,but its,often too hard to,.,A.pick up;be understood,B.pick up;understand,C.be picked;understand,D.be picked;be understood,答案,B,解析,在表语形容词,difficult,hard,后用不定,式的主动形式表示被动含义。,13.,（,2009,潍坊市一次质检）,If a computer,crashes,you will lose the file you,on if,you dont save it early enough.,A.are workingB.work,C.will workD.worked,解析,考查时态。结合语境可知此处应该用现,在进行时。,A,14.,（,2009,青岛二次质检）,I understand its,not your fault,but the airline,they,would deliver my baggage yesterday.,A.promisesB.has promised C.promisedD.had promised,解析,考查动词的时态。从后面的时间状语,yesterday,可知，描述的是过去发生的事情，应,用一般过去时态。,C,15.,（,2009,青岛市一次质检）,Because of the,Russian gas limit to Europe,attempts,to,use botanical fuel as a source of power.,A.have madeB.having made Care being madeD.will be making,解析,考查时态。句意为：由于俄罗斯限制向欧,洲出口天然气，他们正在努力用植物燃料来作为,一种新的能源。此处的,make,和,attempts,之间是动,宾关系，故用被动语态。,C,16.,（,2008,青岛市一次质检）,Mom,you,should have taken me to the park this,morning.,I had planned to,but I couldnt afford the,time.I,a lecture.,A.had givenB.gave,C.was givingD.would give,解析,考查动词时态。表示过去某一时间正在进,行的动作，用过去进行时。故选项,C,正确。,C,17.,（,2008,烟台二次模拟）,Where can we,get your new science fiction?,Im sorry,it,and will come out next,week.,A.has been printedB.will be printed,C.is printedD.is being printed,解析,考查动词的时态。根据后面的,will come,out next week,可知，应该选择,D,项，用现在进行,时的被动语态表示（小说）正在（被）印刷中。,D,18.,（,2008,山东命题专家原创卷（一）,You,should have come to the party last Saturday,evening.It was really wonderful.,But a friend,an unexpected visit to me.A.paidB.had paid,C.would payD.has paid,解析,考查时态。由对话可知，答话人没有去参加,宴会是因为,“,一个朋友事先没有通知我就来看我,了,”,，表示过去发生的一个事实，用一般过去时，,答案为,A,。,A,19.,（,2008,山东命题专家原创卷（二）,Hi,Susan,where were you at lunch time?I,a,seat for you in the coffee shop.,Oh,sorry to miss you.My political science,class ran longer than usual.,A.am savingB.was saving,C.had savedD.have saved,解析,考查时态。根据语境判断，吃饭是过去发,生的事情，强调在吃饭的过程中“一直为对方留,着位子”，应该用过去进行时。,B,20.,（,2008,山东命题专家原创卷（四）,Do,you know our city of Xian at all?,No,not at all.You see,this is the first time,I,here.,A.cameB.am coming,C.wasD.have been,解析,考查时态。,It/This is the first/last,time(that)sb.have/has done sth.,为固定句型。,D,.,单项填空,1.,（,2009,山东命题专家原创卷（五）,She,speaks German well because she stayed in,Germany.,Really?How long,there?,A.does she stayB.is she staying,C.has she stayedD.did she stay,解析,考查时态。结合上一句中,stayed,可知说话人,问的是过去一段时间所处的状态，因此用一般过,去时。选,D,。,D,2.,（,2009,山东命题专家原创卷（七）,For some,time now,Chinese people,under the,leadership of CPC,the contents of the,Scientific Development Theory in the course,of practicing socialism in China.,A.had been improving B.have been improving,C.were improvingD.improved,解析,考查时态。句意为：一段时间以来，中国,人民在中国共产党的领导下，在实践中国社会主,义的进程中，一直在丰富和发展,“,科学发展观,”,的,思想。由句中的时间状语,“,For some time now,”,可,知，这里要用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，还有,可能继续持续下去。,B,3.,（,2009,山东命题专家原创卷（七）,No one is,sure who the dictionary,.,A.belonging toB.belongs to,C.is belonged toD.is belonging to,解析,考查语态。从句缺谓语，,belong to,不可用,于进行时和被动语态，故选,B,。句意为：没有人能,确定那本词典是谁的。,B,4.,（,2009,山东命题专家原创卷（八）,It,quite,correct that happiness comes from thinking,about things in a positive way.,A.has turned outB.has been turned out C.in turning outD.is turned out,解析,考查时态和语态。,turn out,“