高考英语一轮复习 语法专项(八)非谓语动词课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,(,八,),非谓语动词,一、动词不定式,1.,动词不定式的句法功能,(1),不定式作主语,To know something about English is one thing,；,to know English,is quite another.,此时，常用,it,作形式主语，而把不定式放在句子的后部。,It isnt easy for her to find a new job.,(2),不定式作宾语,不定式可作某些动词的宾语，常见的动词有：,afford,，,agree,，,ask,，,decidedesire,，,expect,，,fail,，,hope,，,manage,，,promise,，,pretend,，,plan,，,intend,，,refuse,，,wish,等。,I promised not to be late.,介词,but/except,后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词,do,，不,定式就要省略,to,。,It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.,They did nothing but complain.,(3),不定式作宾语补足语,某些动词如,tell,，,want,，,wish,，,advise,，,order,，,require,，,expect,，,remind,，,persuade,，,encourage,，,convince,，,force,，,beg,，,allow,，,forbid,等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。,My doctor advised me to take a rest.,某些感官动词如,feel,，,hear,，,see,，,watch,，,notice,，,observe,等或,使役动词如,have,，,let,，,make,等后面可接不带,to,的不定式作宾语补,足语。但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须带,to,符号。,Did you notice anyone go into the house?,Was anyone noticed to go into the house?,某些动词如,find,，,feel,，,think,，,expect,，,consider,，,make,等后可,接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而,且要用,it,作形式宾语。,News services make it possible for newspapers to give their readers,news from around the world.,(4),不定式作定语,Do you have the ability to read and write English?,作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词,是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,Please give me a knife to cut with.,不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词,最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。,I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.,She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic,Games.,(5),不定式作状语,不定式一般作目的状语，还可用短语,in order to,或,so as to,。,He sat down to have a rest.,不定式有时可作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，还可用,only to,。,He left,，,never to return.,He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.,不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果：,He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.,不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。,To be honest,，,I know nothing about it.,6),不定式作表语,The first step is to check the victims breathing.,All I did was(to)press the button.,(7)“,疑问词不定式”在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语。,When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.,I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.,【,注,】,此时不可用,if to do,结构。,2.,不定式的时态和语态,时态,主动语态,被动语态,一般时,to do,to be done,进行时,to be doing,完成时,to have done,to have been done,(1),不定式的时态,不定式的一般式表示将来要发生的动作或表示一种状态。,I wish,to finish,my business and get away.,He pretended,to be asleep,when his mother came in.,不定式的进行式表示不定式动作仍在进行之中。,It happened,to be raining,hard when the accident occurred.,不定式的完成式表示不定式动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动,词之前。,He is generally considered,to have invented,the telephone.,(2),不定式的语态,当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，用主动语态；如,果是被动关系则用被动语态。,He,refused,to go,abroad.,He,refused,to be taken,abroad.,【,注,】,下列情况下不定式用主动形式表达被动意义：,不定式作定语时。,She has a sister to look after.,不定式放在形容词之后时。,This book is difficult to understand.,个别动词用在“,be,不定式”结构中表将来或应该时。,I think he is to blame.,我认为他应该受到责备。,3.,不定式的省略问题,有时为了避免重复，不定式可用省略形式，但常常要保留不定,式符号,to,。这种情况常出现在动词,expect,，,hope,，,wish,，,mean,，,prefer,，,care,，,forget,，,want,，,try,或,be glad,，,be happy,或,would,like/love,等后面。如果不定式中含有,be,，,have,，,have been,时，这,些词也可保留。,I havent been to Hong Kong,，,but I wish to.,“I didnt tell him the,news.”“Oh,，,you ought to have.”,二、动名词,1.,动名词的功能,(1),动名词作主语,Watching them is a thrilling experience.,【,注,】,有时用,it,作形式主语，而把动词的,ing,形式放在句子的,后部。,It is no use crying over spilt milk.,(2),动名词作宾语,下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不可接不定式作宾语：,admit,，,appreciate,，,avoid,，,consider,，,delay,，,dislike,，,enjoy,，escape,，,excuse,，,finish,，,imagine,，,keep,，,mind,，,miss,，,practise,，,risk,，,resist,，,suggest,等。,I admit breaking the window.,下列短语后要接动名词作宾语：,burst out,，,cant stand,，,end,up,，,give up,，,feel like,，,keep on,，,insist on,，,look forward to,，,put,off,，,devote.to,，,object to,，,be,busy(in,),，,get down to,，,have,difficulty/,trouble(in,),，,have a good/wonderful/hard,time(in,),等。,He didnt want to end up going home alone.,下列动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义上有所不,同。,Remember to post the letter for me on your way to school.,请你在上学的路上记住替我把这封信寄出去。,I remember turning off the light before I left the office.,我记得在离开办公室前关上了灯。,动词,like,，,love,，,prefer,，,hate,，,continue,等后接不定式或动名词,作宾语均可。但如表示经常性的动作要用动名词，如表示具体的,行为要用不定式。,I like swimming,，,but I dont like to swim this afternoon.,动词,allow,，,advise,，,forbid,，,permit,等后接动名词作宾语，但要接不定式作宾语补足语。,We dont allow smoking here.,We dont allow students to smoke.,动词,need,，,require,，,want,作“需要”解时，其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。,The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.,形容词,worth,后要接动名词的主动语态表达被动意义，它不同于,worthy,的用法。,The place is worth visiting.,The place is worthy of being visited/to be visited.,介词后要接动名词作宾语。,What do you mean by saying that?,I congratulated them on getting married.,(3),动名词作表语,My hobby is growing flowers.,(4),动名词作定语,He had a very expensive walking stick.,2.,动名词的时态和语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般时,doing,being done,完成时,having done,having been done,He went away without saying anything.,He came into the room without being seen.,Im sorry for having wasted so much of your time.,I forgot having been given a Christmas gift years ago.,3.,动名词的复合结构,动名词之前有时要加上自己的逻辑主语构成复合结构，逻辑主,语可用名词的所有格或物主代词，有时也可用名词或宾格代词。,I cant imagine George sailing across the ocean in a boat.,My coming back home late made my mother very angry.,三、分词,1.,现在分词的功能,(1),现在分词作宾语补足语,下列动词后可接现在分词作宾补：,see,，,hear,，,notice,，,observe,，,watch,，,listen to,，,look at,，,have,，,keep,，,leave,，,find,，,catch,，,feel,等。,She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.,【,注,】,如果句子改为被动语态，那么现在分词则变为主语补足,语。,The boy was caught cheating in the exam.,(2),现在分词作表语,The movie is very boring.,(3),现在分词作定语,现在分词作定语时，通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系。,The taxi taking us to the airport broke down.,【,注,】,being done,形式表示正在进行中的动作，且与先行词之间,是被动关系。,The house being built will serve as a library.,正在建的那座房子将作为图书馆用。,(4),现在分词作状语,现在分词作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、,行为方式、伴随状况等。此时，现在分词的逻辑主语通常就是句,子的主语，而且现在分词与句子的主语之间一般具有逻辑上的主,谓关系。,The cup dropped to the ground,，,breaking into pieces.,Jack came running over.,【,注,】,如果现在分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，就要用分词,的独立主格结构。,Weather permitting,，,well play golf this afternoon.,We explored the cave,，,Peter acting as a guide.,现在分词还可作评注性状语，表示说话人的态度，此时现在分,词与句子的主语无关。常见的说法有：,generally speaking“,一般,来说”；,frankly speaking“,坦白地说”；,judging from.“,根据,来判断”；,considering.“,考虑到,”,等。,Considering the distance,，,he arrived very quickly.,2.,现在分词的时态和语态,主动语态,被动语态,一般时,doing,being done,完成时,having done,having been done,Not knowing her address,，,I wasnt able to contact her.,I saw him being taken away when I passed by his house.,Having bought our tickets,，,we went into the theatre.,Having been told many times,，,he still repeated the same mistake.,3.,过去分词,过去分词一般在句中作宾补、表语、定语和状语，通常表示已,完成的被动动作或一种状态。,Youd better have the television repaired.,Some of the people invited to the party cant come.,The teacher came into the lab,，,followed by some students.,Given a chance,，,I can surprise the world.,He stood in front of the room with his arms folded.,四、不定式被动式、过去分词和现在分词的被动式作定语,1.,过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或是,没有一定的时间性。,Have you read the novel written by Dickens?,2.,现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动,词所表示的动作同时发生。,Listen,！,The song being sung is very popular with the students.,3.,不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。,The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very,important one.,五、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别,1.,感官动词,(see,，,watch,，,observe,，,look at,，,hear,，,listen to,，,notice,等,),和使役动词,have,后面的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词,(,不带,to,的不定式,),，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正,在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。,I heard her sing an English song just now.,刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。,I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room,yesterday.,昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。,I heard the English song sung many times.,我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。,2.leave,后接三种形式作宾补时，意为“使,处于某种状态”。,sb.doing,sth,.,让某人一直做某事,（宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系表示动作正在进行）,sth.undone,留下某事未做,leave,（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以,undone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched,为多）,sb.to,do,sth,.,留下某人做某事,sth.to,be done,留下某事要做,（不定式表示将来的动作）,Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.,The guests left most of the dishes untouched,，,because they didnt,taste delicious.,He left,，,leaving me to do all the rest work.,3.have,，,get,后接三种形式作宾补时，其中,have,，,get,表示“使、让、,叫之意。,（,1,）,have,sth.done,get,sth.done,“,使,/,让某事由别人去做”。,Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.,【,注,】,have,sth.done,还表示“使遭受,”,之意。,Tom had his leg broken while playing football.,The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the,harvest time.,The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a,short rest.,【,注,】,“,have sb.doing”,若用于否定句中，其中,have,有“容忍”之,意。,I wont have you speaking to your parents like that.,Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.,I cant get him to stop,smoking.He,wont listen to me.,六、注意以下表达的意义区别,过关落实,1.The last one _ pays the meal.,Agreed!,A.arrived,B.arrives,C.to,arrive,D.arriving,解析：,不定式,to arrive,作,the last one,的后置定语，表示,“,最,后来的那个人,”,。,答案：,C,2.I smell something _ in the,kitchen.Can,I call you back in,a minute?,A.burning,B.burnt,C.being,burnt,D.to,be burnt,解析：,强调,“,闻到某物正在燃烧,”,，选择,v,.,ing,形式，且此处,burn,为不及物动词，因此不用被动形式。,答案：,A,3.At the beginning of the class,，,the noise of desks _could,be heard outside the classroom.,A.opened,and closed,B.to,be opened and closed,C.being,opened and closed,D.to,open and close,解析：,句中意为,“,桌子,(,抽屉,),正在被打开、关上的声音,”,，强调,动作正在进行，用,being done,。,答案：,C,4.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every,day.,A.watered,B.watering,C.water,D.to,water,解析：,unless watered,作条件状语，表示条件，,water,因和主语,(the flowers),为动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。,答案：,A,5.As a result of the serious flood,，,twothirds,of the buildings in the,area _.,A.need,repairing,B.needs,to repair,C.needs,repairing,D.need,to repair,解析：,主语中分数修饰的名词为复数,(the buildings),，故排除,B,、,C,；,need doing,等于,need to be done,，表示被动。,答案：,A,6.You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the,snowstorm.,A.walked,B.walk,C.to,walk,D.walking,解析：,have difficulty(in)doing,sth,.,做某事有困难，固定,句型，在本句中,difficulty,提前了。,答案：,D,7.Robert is indeed a wise man.,Oh,，,yes.How,often I have regretted _ his advice!A.to,take,B.taking,C.not,to take,D.not,taking,解析：,regret,v,.,ing,形式表示后悔做过某事；,v,.,ing,形式的否,定式在其前面加,not,。,答案：,D,8.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,，,the,most recent _ at the end of last March.,A.has,been launched,B.having,been launched,C.being,launched,D.to,be launched,解析：,having been launched,等于,which has been launched,，,表示,“,已经被发射,”,。,答案：,B,9.Come on,，,please give me some ideas about the project.,Sorry.With,so much work _ my mind,，,I almost break,down.,A.filled,B.filling,C.to,fill,D.being,filled,解析：,work,与,fill,为主谓关系，故用,filling,作宾补。,答案：,B,10.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,，,not,_,，,and asked myself what I was going to do.,A.moved,B.moving,C.to,move,D.being,moved,解析：,此处,moving,在句中做伴随状语。,答案：,B,11.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same,office.She,just,refuses _ talking while she works.,A.working,；,stopping,B.to,work,；,stopping,C.working,；,to stop,D.to,work,；,to stop,解析：,stand doing,sth,.,忍受做某事；,refuse to do,sth,.,拒绝,做某事，均为固定搭配。,答案：,C,12.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the,tickets had been sold out.,A.to,be told,B.to,tell,C.told,D.telling,解析：,“,only,不定式,”,结构表示一种出乎意料的结果,(,失望，,沮丧等,),，此处用不定式的被动式表示,“,却被告知,”,。,答案：,A,13.It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any,consideration.,A.to,accept,B.accept,C.accepting,D.accepted,解析：,本句中,his accepting,作动词,imagine,的宾语。,答案：,C,14.Russ and Earl were auto mechanics _ the same pay,，,but Earl had more ambition.,A.to,earn,B.to,have earned,C.earning,D.earned,解析：,本句中,earning,为后置定语，相当于,who earned,。,答案：,C,15.In the dream Peter saw himself _ by a fierce wolf,，,and he,woke suddenly with a start.,A.chased,B.to,be chased,C.be,chased,D.having,been chased,解析：,see oneself done,看到自己被,；句子用过去分词,chased,表示被动,(,被追逐,),。,答案：,A,