高考英语一轮复习知识点梳理 Unit 1 Great scientists课件 新人教版必修5 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Book 5,Unit 1 Great scientists,基础落实,.,高频单词思忆,1.The enemy was,(,打败,)in a decisive,battle.,2.The baby was left,(,暴露,)to the,sun.,3.This illness can,t be,(,治愈,)easily.,4.Clever children,(,吸收,)knowledge,quickly.,defeated,exposed,cured,absorb,5.The drought is becoming increasingly,(,严重的,).,6.Who invented the steam,(,发动机,)?,7.Kindness is one of his,(,特征,).,8.It took the jury some time to reach the,c,that she was guilty.,9.Which driver was to,b,for the,accident?,10.We,c,5,000,yuan,to the,earthquake fund.,severe,engine,characteristics,onclusion,lame,ontributed,.,重点短语再现,1.,提出,2.,得出结论,3.,使暴露于,中,4.,结束,5.,除,之外；此外,6.,导致，造成（后果）,7.,调查,8.,也；另外,9.,有意义；讲得通,10.,将,和,连接起来,put forward,draw a conclusion,expose.to.,come to an end,apart from,lead to,look into,in addition,make sense,link.to.,.,典型句式运用,1.Do you know how to prove a new idea in,scientific research?,你知道如何用科学的研究,方式来证明一个新观点吗？,有些及物动词像,know,ask,tell,consider,decide,explain,等，后面可以跟,“,”,结构作,，这类疑问词有,how,what,when,where,whether,等。,这种,“,疑问词,+,不定式,”,结构除了作宾语外，在句,中还可以作,、表语、状语等。,考点提炼,疑问词,+,不定式,宾语,主语,2.With this extra evidence John Snow was able,to announce with certainty that polluted,water carried the virus.,有了这个证据，约,翰,斯诺就肯定地宣布，这种污染了的水携带着,病菌。,was/were able to do,意为,“,”,，相当于,managed to do,或,succeeded in doing,。此时不可用,could,替换，因,为,could,通常表示,“,曾经具备某种能力，过去能做,（而现在不能了）,”,。,考点提炼,成功地做,了某事，做成了某事,3.To prevent this from happening,again,John,Snow suggested that the source of all the,water supplies be examined.,为了防止这种情况,的再度发生，约翰,斯诺建议，所有水源都要经,过检测。,suggest(to sb.)that.,意为,“,”,，此时,that,从句中的谓,语动词要用,形式，,以省略。,考点提炼,（向某人）建议,should+,v,.,should,4.He knew that cholera would never be,controlled until its cause was found.,他知,道，在找到病源之前，霍乱是无法控制的。,never.until.,其中,until=till,意,为,“,”,。,句中谓语动词应为,动词；若为,动,词，则应用肯定形式。,注意,not until/never until,放在句首时，句子,应采用倒装结构。,not until,的强调结构为：,It,is/was not until+,被强调部分,+that/who.,。,考点提炼,直到,为止,终止性,延续性,导练互动,重点单词,1.conclude,Draw a,.(,回归课本,P,1,),观察思考,He concluded from their remarks that they,were not in,favour,of the plan.,他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。,The play concluded with a happy ending.,这出戏以大团圆结束。,They concluded a treaty with Turkey.,他们同土耳其缔结了一项条约。,conclusion,归纳总结,conclude,vi,.&,vt,.,，意为：,。,conclude,sth.with,sb.,就某事与某人达成协议,to conclude,最后,(2)conclusion,n,.,结束；结论,in conclusion,最后；总之,arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion,得出结论,come to a conclusion that.,所得结论是,推断，断定；结束；造,成；缔结,(1)conclude,sth.(from,sth,.),(from,sth,.)that.,推断出，断定,conclude,sth,.,with,sth,.,by doing,sth,.,以,结束,即学即用,(1),会议于十点钟结束。,The meeting,.,(2),从证据看，我敢断定你错了。,From the evidence I must,you are wrong.,(3),最后，祝大家取得圆满成功！,I wish everyone a complete,success!,(4),我看他是在说谎。,I,that he was,lying.,concluded at ten o,clock,conclude that,To conclude,came to the conclusion,2.defeat,John Snow,“,King Cholera,”,.,(,回归课本,P,2,),观察思考,He defeated the champion in three sets.,他三盘击败了冠军。,The instruction manual completely defeated me.,这操作指南把我完全弄糊涂了。,Staying late at the office to discuss,shorter working hours rather defeats the,object of the exercise迟迟待在办公室讨论缩短工作时间恰恰是在阻挠,这一目标的实现！,They finally had to admit defeat.,他们最后只得认输。,defeats,归纳总结,defeat,。,易混辨异,defeat,beat,win,这三个词都有,“,赢,”,的意思，但用法不尽相同。,(1)defeat,和,beat,都可接,sb.,作宾语，一般可以互,换，其宾语通常是,“,人,”,或,“,一个团体,”,，如,a,team,a,class,a,school,an,army,等。另外,defeat,还可用于指在战争中,“,击败,”,敌军或入侵者。,(2)win,后接,sth,.,如,game,war,prize,love,respect,等；后接,sb.,时表示,“,争取某人,”,。,vt,.,打败；难住；阻挠；,n,.,失败,即学即用,(1),张怡宁在第,29,届奥运会上艰难地战胜了李佳薇。,Zhang,Yining,Li,Jiawei,in the 29th Olympics.,(2),这个问题把我难住了，我无法解决它。,The problem has,and I can,t,solve it.,(3),这个政党面临选举失败。,The party,in the election.,defeated,with,difficulty,defeated me,faces defeat,3.expose,But he became inspired when he thought,about helping ordinary people,to,cholera.(,回归课本,P,2,),观察思考,When he smiled he exposed a set of perfect,white teeth.,他笑时露出了一口漂亮的白牙。,He exposed the plan to the newspapers.,他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。,The film has been exposed.,这胶卷已经曝光了。,Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.,不要让婴儿受到强烈的日光照射。,exposed,归纳总结,expose,。,expose,sth,.,显露或露出某事物,expose,sth,./sb./oneself(to,sth,.),显露或暴露某,人,/,某事物,/,自己,exposed,adj,.,（指地方）无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的,be exposed to,暴露于,exposure,n,.,显露，暴露；揭露，揭发,vt,.,暴露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受,即学即用,(1),婴儿被遗弃于风雨之中。,The baby was left,.,(2),他说了那句不妥的话，暴露了自己对此事的无知。,That unfortunate remark,of the subject.,(3),那小屋位于山顶毫无遮蔽之处。,The cottage is,at the top of the hill.,exposed to the wind and,rain,exposed his,ignorance,in a very exposed position,4.cure,Neither its cause nor its,was,understood.(,回归课本,P,2,),观察思考,There is no cure for the common cold at,present.,目前仍没有治愈感冒的良药。,Can you cure me of my cold?,你能治好我的感冒吗？,cure,归纳总结,cure,治愈，治疗。,(1)a cure for,sth,.,治疗,的方法,(2)cure,sb.of,+,疾病名称 治愈某人的疾病,cure,sb.of,+,不良行为 矫正某人的不良行为,(3),与,cure,sb.of,sth,.,结构类似的短语还有：,remind,sb.of,sth,.,使某人想起某事,suspect,sb.of,sth,.,怀疑某人（做）某事,rob,sb.of,sth,.,抢了某人某物,inform,sb.of,sth,.,通知某人某事,warn,sb.of,sth,.,警告某人某事,accuse,sb.of,sth,.,控告某人某事,n,.&,vt,.,注意,treat,和,cure,都表示,“,治疗,”,的意思。但,treat,表示治疗过程，不表示结果，而,cure,强调结,果，意为,“,治疗，治愈,”,，常与,of,连用。,即学即用,用适当的,of,短语填空,(1)She,him,stealing.,(2)Please,us,any changes of,address.,(3)You,me,your father when you,say that.,(4)He resigned after he was,theft.,accused,of,inform,ofremind,ed,of,suspected of,5.blame,It seemed that the water was to,.,(,回归课本,P,2,),观察思考,He blamed you for the neglect of duty.,他责备你玩忽职守。,The police blamed the traffic accident on,Jack,s careless driving.,警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。,The government will have to take the blame,for the riots.,政府将不得不对骚乱承担责任。,blame,归纳总结,blame,；,n,.,过失；责备。,blame,sb.for,sth,./doing,sth,.,因为某事责备某人,/,责备某人做了某事,blame,sth.on,sb.,把某事归咎于某人,be to blame(for),应（为,）承担责任；该,（为,）受责备（此处不能用被动语态）,accept/bear/take the blame for,sth,.,对某事负责任,put/lay the blame for,sth.on,sb.,将某事归咎于某人,vt,.,责备；把,归咎于,即学即用,(1),如果不怪你，该怪谁呢？,(2),我们愿对所发生的事负责。,(3),如果结果糟糕她将会怪罪于我们。,If you are not to,blame,then,who is?,We were ready to take the blame for what,had happened.,She,ll put the blame on us if it turns,out badly.,6.contribute,to,(,回归课本,P,4,),观察思考,This new discovery will contribute to all,humanity.,这个新发现将对全人类作出贡献。,Most people contributed something,towards/to the new church buildings.,大部分人都为教堂的新建筑捐献了一些东西。,A little exercise will contribute a lot to,your health.,少量的运动对你的健康大有帮助。,She contributes regularly to a physics,journal.,她经常向一家物理杂志社投稿。,contribute,归纳总结,contribute,。,(1)contribute.to.,把,贡献给,contribute to,为,作出贡献；把时间投入,；,有助于；导致,(2)contribution,n,.,捐献物；贡献；捐款稿件,make a contribution to,对,作出贡献,contribution to,对,的贡献,(3)contributor,n,.,撰稿人；捐助人；促成物,vt,.&,vi,.,贡献；捐助；增加，添进；,投稿,即学即用,（,1,）他主动向红十字会捐款。,He offered to,the Red,Cross.,（,2,）各种因素导致了他的倒台。,Various factors,his,downfall.,（,3,）我已经给,北京晚报,投了好几篇文章，可一,篇也没发表过。,I,Beijing Evening,News,but,none of them,have been published.,（,4,）他对项目的全面成功做出了非常积极的贡献。,He,the overall success of the project.,contribute to,contributed to,have contributed several articles to,made a very positive contribution to,重点短语与句型,7.put forward,Who,a theory about black holes?,(,回归课本,P,1,),观察思考,A better plan was put forward by the,headmaster.,校长提出了一项更好的计划。,Her name was put forward as the best for,the job.,她被推荐为这项工作的最佳人选。,Put the clock forward by 5 minutes.,把表拨快,5,分钟。,put forward,归纳总结,put forward,意为：,。,put aside,节省；储蓄，储存,put away,放好；积蓄,put back,放回；拨回,put down,记下；镇压,put in,放入；加进,put off,延期，推迟,put on,穿上；演出,put out,熄灭，扑灭,put through,接通电话,put up举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造,提出；推荐；建议；将,提前,即学即用,用,put,的相关短语填空,(1)Tom,the lamp and went out.,(2)Never,till tomorrow what you can,do today.,(3)She,some good proposals for,educational reform.,(4)We,some money,every month for,our retirement.,(5)They are going to,a memorial in,memory of people who died in the,earthquake.,put out,put off,put forward,put,aside,put up,8.apart from,the construction mentioned,above,you,have also learned the following,phrases.(,回归课本,P,4,),观察思考,Apart from their house in,London,they,also,have a villa in Spain.,他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一座,别墅。,It was a difficult,time.Apart,from,everything,elsewe,had financial problems.,当时是困难时期。别的一切都不说，我们财政上,也有问题。,Apart from,归纳总结,apart from,意为：,。,(1)in addition to,除,之外（还有，包括除去内,容在内）,besides,除,之外（还有，包括除去内容在内）,except,除,之外（不包括除去内容在内）,except for,除了,之外；只是,except that(what/when/where.),除了,(2)take.apart,将,拆开,tell A and B apart,分辨出,A,与,B,除,之外；此外,即学即用,(1),姑且不论价格，这件衣服也不适合我穿。,the dress doesn,t,suit me.,(2),除了几个缺点外，他是个很好的老师。,He is a good teacher,some,shortcomings.,(3),他除了是位学者，还是位有名的作家。,he was a famous,writer.,(4),很小的时候，我常拆卸旧玩具车。,I often,some old toy cars,when I was a child.,Apart from the cost,except for,Besides being a scholar,took,apart,9.make sense,Only if you put the sun there did the,movements of the other planets in the sky,.(,回归课本,P,7,),观察思考,What you say does not make sense to me.,你说的话我弄不明白。,No matter how you read,it,this,sentence,doesn,t make sense.,不论你怎么读，这个句子都讲不通。,make sense,归纳总结,make sense,意为：,。,make sense of,理解，明白,make no sense,没道理；没意义,There is no sense in doing,sth,.,做,没道理,in a sense,在某一方面；就某种意义来说,in no sense,决不是，决非,有道理；讲得通；有意义,即学即用,(1),你能听懂这个美国人在说些什么吗？,Can you,what this American,is saying?,(2),那对我毫无意义。,That just,to me.,(3),在一定意义上，学习法律就像学习一门语言。,learning the law is like,learning a language.,(4),没必要买那么贵的大衣，这些便宜的也很好。,There,s,that expensive,coat when these cheaper ones are just as,good.,make sense of,makes no sense,In a sense,no sense in buying,10.So many thousands of terrified people,died every time there was an outbreak.,每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。,典例体验,I went to see,her,she,was reading,books.,每次我去看她，她都在看书。,I see the old,photo,I,will think,of my,deskmate,in the primary school.,每次看到这张老照片，我都会想起小学时的同桌。,Every time,Every time,归纳总结,every time,意为：,“,”,，引导一个,从句，相当于,。,（,1,）名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的有：,every,time,each,time,any,time,the,last,time,next,time,the,first,time,the,moment,the,second,the,minute,the,hour,the,day,等。,（,2,）有些副词，如,directly,instantly,immediately,也可引导状语从句。,每当,时间状语,whenever,即学即用,(1),我每次感冒背就痛。,I catch a,cold,I,have pains in,my back.,(2),我第一次爬到墙上去时，感到很紧张。,I climbed onto the,wall,I,felt very nervous.,(3),她一看到蛇就叫了起来。,She let out a cry,she saw the,snake.,(4),钟刚敲了五下我就离开了。,I left,the clock struck 5,Every time,The first time,the moment,immediately,考题回扣,【,例,1,】Distinguished guests and friends,welcome to our school.,the ceremony of,the 50th Anniversary this morning are our,alumina(,校友）,from home and abroad.,（江苏高考）,A.Attend,B.To,attend,C.Attending,D.Having,attended,解析,分析句子结构可知此句是一个倒装句，把它还原成正常语序应该是：,Our alumina from home and abroad are,the ceremony of the 50th,Anniversary this morning.,所以此题应该选,C,项,attending,作谓语动词的一部分。,答案,C,课文原文,John Snow was a famous doctor in London,so,expert,indeed,that,he,Queen,Victoria as her personal physician.,attended,【,例,2,】Bill suggested,a meeting on what,to do for the Shanghai Expo during the,vacation.,（上海高考）,A.having,held,B.to,hold,C.holding,D.hold,解析,suggest,后面要接动名词作宾语，,A,项是动,名词的完成式表示发生在谓语动词,suggested,之前,的一个动作，由句意可知不合题意，故排除，因,此选,C,。,课文原文,The first,that cholera,multiplied in the air.,suggested,C,【,例,3,】My friend showed me round the town,was very kind of him.,（全国,高考）,A.which,B.that,C.where,D.it解析,句意为：我朋友领我参观了这座城镇，这,真是太好了。分析句子结构可知，此处用,which,引,导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。,课文原文,His theory replaced the Christian idea of,gravity,said things fell to earth,because God created the earth as the centre,of the universe.,which,A,【,例,4,】,Can those,at the back of the,classroom hear me?,No problem.,（福建高考）,A.seat,B.sit,C.seated,D.sat,解析,at the back of the classroom,为分,词短语作定语。,sit,为不及物动词，可用,sitting,.,作定语；,seat,为及物动词，常与反身代词连用,或用,be seated,形式。这里,seat,与,those,构成逻辑,上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词作定语。,C,课文原文,He found that it came from the river,by the dirty water from London.,polluted,【,例,5,】There were some chairs left over,everyone had sat down.,（四川高考）,A.when,B.until,C.that,D.where,解析,句意为：当大家都坐下时，还有些椅子剩,余。,when,引导时间状语从句；,until,也引导时间状,语从句，表示,“,直到,”,；,that,引导结果状语,从句，用于,so.that.,中；,where,引导地点状语,从句。,课文原文,But he became inspired,he thought,about helping ordinary people exposed to,cholera.,when,A,翻译重组的基本方法,一、合并法,合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。汉语,强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强,调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英,时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、,定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句。如：,没有农业，人类便不能生存，社会生产也就不,能继续下去。,But for/Without,agriculture,human,could n,ot,exist,nor,could social production continue.,写作技能,二、正译法和反译法,所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序,或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照,与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反,译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的,思维方式和表达习惯，因此比较地道。,如：政府应致力于降低房价，让百姓买得起房。,正译：,The government should make efforts,to bring down the prices of houses so that,people can afford them.,反译：,The government should make efforts,to bring down the prices of houses so that,houses are,available(to,people).,三、倒置法,在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于,被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被,修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒,过来。,如：改革开放以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。,Great changes have taken place in China,since the introduction of the reform and,opening policy.,四、插入法,把难以处理的句子用破折号、括号或前后逗号,插入译句中，即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处,理一些解释性成分。,如：在某种程度上，成功源自自信，而成功也,会增强自信。,To some,extent,success,results from self,confidence while it also helps enhance self,confidence.,即时练习,请用以上翻译重组的技巧翻译下列句子,1.,他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。,(,正反译,),2.,我们需要大量有丰富经验的志愿者。,3.,我们觉得帮助他人是我们的职责。,He still could not understand me.(,正译,),Still he failed to understand me.(,反译,),We need a number of volunteers who have,rich experience.,We feel it our duty to help others.,4.,不保护环境，我们就将没有干净的饮用水。,5.,我们可以通过经常锻炼和保持健康的饮食来强身,健体。,6.,我想知道讲座是否有录音。如果有，我可以借,吗？,(,插入法,),If we do not protect the,environment,we,will have no clean drinking water.,We can build up our body by taking regular,exercise and keeping a healthy diet.,I wonder if the lecture was,recorded.If,so,can,I borrow a tape?,7.,我的家乡位于北江河畔，是个风景秀丽适合居住,的城市。,8.,如果您能考虑我的建议，我将感激不尽。,My,hometown,a,beautiful city located on the,Beijing,River,is,a place suitable for,living.,I,ll appreciate it very much if you could,consider my advice.,自主检测,.,品句填词,1.Mrs.White bought a pan with a long,h,.,2.It is a pity that he suffered from a s,mental illness.,3.After the match the judge,a,that,our team won the title.,4.In respect of the,problem,we,don,t have to,draw a,c,.,5.What,c,distinguish the,Americans from the Canadians?,andle,evere,nnounced,onclusion,haracteristics,6.A nurse,(,照料,)to his needs,constantly.,7.Police suspect there may be a,(,关联,),between the two murders.,8.Destruction of the environment is one of,the most serious,(,挑战,)we face.,9.She sat by the window,(,纺线,).,10.He was brave enough to,(,揭露,)this,terrible criminal.,attended,link,challenges,spinning,expose,.,短语运用,1.They,a plan for reducing,the traffic accidents at the meeting.,2.I don,t,all these,socalled,health foods.,3.The president of our club,the problem now.,4.This is a book,Asian problems.,deal,with,apart,from,work,on,put,forward,make,sense,only,if,be,linked,to,believe,in,look,into,lead,to,(have)put forward,believe in,is looking into,dealing with,5.All this,the great progress in that,area.,6.He,his composition,for hours and hasn,t finished yet.,7.,a teacher gives permission is a,student allowed to enter the room.,8.It doesn,t,for parents to give,children whatever they want.,9.They believe that this illness,the use of chemical pesticides.,10.Your article is well written,a few spelling mistakes.,led to,has been working on,Only if,make sense,is linked to,apart from,.,完成句子,1.1860,年，一个名叫威廉的英国人提出了一项更好,的计划。,In 1860,a better plan,by an,Englishman,William,.,2.,除了遗传基因外，智力的高低还取决于日常饮食、,教育和家庭环境。,genes,intelligence,also,depends on