高中英语 42 Body language Grammar课件 新人教版必修4 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,语法指南,动词,-,ing,形式做状语,动词,-,ing,做状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分,与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的,或是先于谓语动词的动作发生,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词,-,ing,做状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果,多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。,1,.,做时间状语,动词,-,ing,表示的动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,(,动词,-,ing,短语多置于句首,),如,:,Hearing,the,news,they,all jumped with joy.,听到这个消息,他们都高兴地跳了起来。,Seeing,the,old,picture,I,couldn,t help thinking of my happy childhood.,一看到这张旧照片,我不禁想起我愉快的童年。,语法指南,动词,-,ing,表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生时,动词,-,ing,前多加,while,或,when,如,:,When,entering,his,house,he,immediately sensed something unusual.,当进入房子时,他立刻感觉到有事情不对。,While,walking,along,the,street,he,met Liu,Ping,an,old schoolmate.,当他在大街上散步时,碰到了他的一个老校友刘萍。,动词,-,ing,动作发生在主句谓语动词发生的动作之前。此时应用,having+,过去分词,如,:,Having,cleaned,the,rooms,we,began to weed the garden.,打扫完房间后,我们开始在花园里除草。,Having,struggled,for,months,he,finally found a good job.,经过几个月的奋斗之后,他终于找到了一份好工作。,语法指南,2,.,做条件状语,(,一般放在句首,),Working,hard,you,ll,surely succeed.,如果你努力工作,你就会成功。,Knowing,anything,about,it,I,will let you know.,如果知道有关此事的任何情况,我会告诉你的。,3,.,做原因状语,(,多放在句首,),Being,excited,she,couldn,t say a word.,由于激动,她一句话也说不出来。,Not,knowing,the,language,and,having,no,friends,in,the,country,he,found it impossible to get a job.,不懂这个国家的语言,在这又没有多少朋友,他觉得不可能找到工作。,语法指南,4,.,做方式或伴随状语,(,多放在句尾,),They show disagreement,shaking,their,heads,.,他们摇头表示不同意。,They came into the,classroom,talking,and,laughing,.,他们有说有笑地走进了教室。,5,.,做让步状语,(,通常放在句首,),Admitting,what,she,has,said,I,still think that she hasn,t tried her best.,尽管认同她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没尽最大努力。,Studying,hard,he,didn,t pass the exam.,尽管他学习很努力,但考试还是没及格。,语法指南,6,.,做结果状语,The global financial crisis is spreading throughout the,world,making,a,lot,of,factories,closed.,全球金融危机在全世界蔓延,结果使很多工厂关闭。,He fell down from the tall,tree,breaking,his,legs,.,他从那棵高树上摔了下来,结果把腿摔断了。,注意,:,(1),若强调动词,-,ing,表示的动作在主句谓语动词动作之前发生,则用动词,-,ing,的完成式,即,having+,过去分词,其否定形式为,not having+,过去分词。,Having finished his,work,he,went home.,完成工作后,他回家了。,Not having got a,reply,she,decided to write to him again.,由于没有得到答复,她决定再给他写封信。,语法指南,(2),在绝大多数情况下,动词,-,ing,做状语时,其逻辑主语与主句的主语是一致的。但有时现在分词与主句主语不一致,其前面有一名词或代词做它的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的动词,-,ing,形式为独立主格结构。,Time,permitting,I,ll,go there to see you.,如果时间允许的话,我将去那里看你。,The meeting being,over,we,all left the hall in a hurry and went home.,会议结束后,我们都匆匆离开大厅回家了。,(3),有少数动词,-,ing,并不表示句子主语的动作,而是表示说话人的态度。,Judging from his,accent,he,may be from Beijing.,从口音上判断,他可能来自北京。,Generally,speaking,girls,care more for clothes than boys.,一般说来,女孩比男孩更注重着装。,语法指南,(4),当分词已转化成介词或连词,此时也无须考虑与主句主语的关系。,Supposing it rains,tomorrow,what,shall we do?,假设明天下雨,我们该怎么办,?(supposing,为连词,意为,“,假如,如果,”),Considering his,age,he,did it quite well.,鉴于他的年龄,他做得很好了。,(considering,为介词,意为,“,鉴于,”),再如,过去分词用作介词的情况,:,Given their,inexperience,they,ve,done a good job.,鉴于他们没有经验,这工作已做得很不错了。,(given,为介词,意为,“,鉴于,”,。,),