高考英语 名词性从句专项练习课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,松原市九洲教育学校 姜文生,名 词 性 从 句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,它的功能相当于名词,名词性从句,She missed us very much.,She was writing a letter.,She would visit the Great Wall.,She said that,宾语从句,(1),老师说光比声传播快,The,teacher said,that light travels much faster than sound.,(2),老人说太阳东方升起西方落下,The,old man said,the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,我告诉他我马上回来,I told him(that)I would come back soon.,他说他已经读完这部小说,He said(that)he had finished,reading this novel,他说他还要再借一本,He said(that)that he would borrow,、,another one,注：并列第二个以上的宾语从句,或有插入语,时不能省略,that.),He said(that)he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.,.,他告诉我他回来并会准时来,He,told me,（,that,）,he would come,and,that,he would come on time.,2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留,他们装作在房间里读书,They pretended,that they were,reading in the room.,当,that,引导的从句作复合宾语的第一个成分时，,需用先行词,it,作形式宾语，把从句放到句末，,that,不能省略。,我们认为他生病是可能的,We consider it possible that he is ill.,我们认为小王昨天没来很奇怪,(1)We thought,it,strange,that Xiao Wang did not come,yesterday.,他清楚表明任何人违法都将受到惩罚,(,2)He has made,it,clear,that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.,这种句型的谓语动词有,think,make,feel,find,consider,.,2.,由,wh,-,疑问词引导。,我们完全理解他所说的,We,fully understood,what he,meant,.,去问问他昨天为什么晚了,Go and ask,why he was late,yesterday,.,我问他进展的咋样,I asked,how he was getting,on,.,我们选任何适合的人,We,will choose,whoever is fit,.,我不知道你在谈论啥,I didnt know,what they were,talking about.,你知道冬天为啥比夏天冷吗？,Do you know,why winter is,colder than summer?,他不能说出他家在那,He couldnt tell,where his home was.,约翰让小孩坐着不动，保证啥也伤害不了他,John made the boy sit still,promising,that nothing would hurt him.,他问我我忙不忙,He asked me,whether or not I was busy,.,whether,与,if,有时可以换用，但下列情况只,能用,whether.,当,whether,后紧跟,or,/,or not,时,不用,if.,I dont know,whether,I will stay,or not,.,介词,后面的宾语从句不能用,if.,I worry,about whether,I hurt her feelings.,注意,1.whether,和,if,都可以引导宾语从句,1.,介词后的宾从,.,一切都靠明天天气是否好,Everything,depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.,2.whetheror not,的宾从,.,我不知道她是否会喜欢它,I dont know whether or not shell like it.,3.,复合不定式只能用,whether.,告诉我是去是留,Tell us whether to go or stay here.,4.,习惯上作,discuss,的宾从只用,whether.,但,:,宾语从句否定时常用,if,引导,.,他问你是否去见他,He asked,if,you would not go and,see him.,你告诉我的使我非常高兴,I was pleased by,what he told,me.,他总是注意老师所说的,He,always pays attention to,whatever the teacher,says.,他讲述他怎样帮助老人找到她儿子,He told of,how he helped the old woman to find her missing son.,这类形容词常见的有,sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,等。,(,1),我肯定那晚你看起来非常漂亮,I,am sure,you looked beautiful that evening.,(,2),我们一点不奇怪他比期望的晚回来,3,天,We were not surprised,that he returned three days later than expected.,3,、用作某些形容词的宾语从句：,(3),大家都怕有人会发现他啥也看不见,Everyone,was afraid that,someone might find out that he could see nothing.,(4),母亲非常高兴女儿通过入学考试,Mother,was very pleased,(that)her daughter had passed the entrance exams.,二、主语从句,(,1),他能来是肯定的,That,he will come,is certain.,(2),她是否能来没关系,Whether she is coming or not,doesnt,matter too much.,(,3),使我最吃惊的是看见一些村民坐在教室后面,What surprised me most,was,to see some of the village people,seated on the benches at the end,of the room.,(4),哪个队会赢得比赛是公众关心的事,Which,team will win the match,is a,matter of public concern.,(5),他去哪了还不知道,Where,she has gone,is not known yet.,当主语从句较长时，多放在句子后部，用,it,作形式主语。,以,it,作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用句型有：,1.It+be+,形容词,+that,从句,certain,clear,important,necessary,probable,possible,It is/was,that clause,（,1,）她会考好是肯定的了,It,is certain,that she will do,well in her exam.,（,2,）他告诉我一切是可能的,It is probable,that he told,me everything.,2,、,It+be+,名词词组,+that,从句,pity,that clause,shame,duty,(1)It is a pity,that we cant go.,(2)It is no surprise,that our team should,have won the game.,It is/was a,3,、It+be+,过去分词,+that,从句,said,reported,thought,hope,d,believed,known,that clause,It is,(1),据说他是班级最好的学生,It,is said,that he is the best,student in the class.,(2),据认为乔驾车很差,It,is thought,that Joe drives,badly.,4,、,It+seem,happen,appear,等不及物,动词,+that,从句。,(1),看起来爱丽丝根本不能去舞会,It,seems,that Alice is not coming to,the party at all.,(2),碰巧我那天外出,It,happened,that I was out that day.,3.,表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用,as if,because,引导。其基本结构为：,主语,+,系动词,+,that,从句,(1),这就是汤姆所所读的,This,was,what Tom was reading.,(,2),事实是我从来 没去过那里,The,truth is,that I have never been there.,(3),看起来好像要下雨,Itlooks,as if it is going to rain.,这就是他怎样克服这些困难,This is,how we overcame the,difficulties.,那就是她昨天为啥缺席,That is,why she was absent yesterday.,这房子就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方,The house is,where Lu Xun once lived.,事实是我们输了比赛,The,fact is,that we have lost the game,.,那就是我想要的,Thats,just,what I want,.,这就是我们的问题所在,This,is,where our problem lies,.,那就是他为啥没来开会,That,is,why he didnt come to the meeting,.,.,这是因为他没赶上火车,This,is,because he missed the train,当主语为,it,that,this,时,because,可以引导,句子,出现在表语的位置上,.,否则,because,应引导原因状语从句,.,这是因为我们夏天离太阳近,It is because we are closer to the sun,in summer.,这是因为他违法了,This is because he broke the law.,他来晚的原因是他差一分钟没赶上火车,The reason why he was late was,that,he missed the train by one minute this,morning,.,需要注意的是，当主语是,reason,时，,表语从句要用,that,引导而不是,because,。,他缺席的原因是前天睡的太晚早晨没起来,The reason of his absence is,that,he stayed up too late the night before,and could not get up that morning.,他来晚的原因是他起床晚了,The reason why he was late was,that he got up late.,表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句相同,.,但,:,1.that,引导表语从句时不能省,.,2.if,不能引导表语从句,.,3.seem,appear,后可接,that,引导的从句,而,look,则不可,.,这三个词后都可用,as if/as though,引导从句,.,It,seems/appears,that,he was late for the train yesterday.,It,seems/appears/looks,as if,we have to go home on foot.,看起来好像要下雨,It looks,as if it is going to rain,功能,例词,从属,连词,只,起,连接作用，不充当从句中的任何作用。,that,whether,if,，,as if,（,只用于表词从句）,连接,代词,既起,连接作用，本身又做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。,Who,whom,whose,what,which,连接,副词,既起,连接作用，本身又做从句的状语。,when,where,why,how,用,how,组成的词组，如：,how many,how much,引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类,同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，,fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,fear,等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有,that,和,whether,what,why,how,等。,四、同位语从句,1.,Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.,The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in,China/We heard the news last night.,_,_,_,_,The fact,that,two thirds of all girls are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,_,_,We heard,the news,last night,that,the Queen of,England was on a three-day visit in China,.,4.,Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for,the idea5.,Chinese students should be given more free time./,The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially,kids in school.,3.,Teenagers should not spend too much time online./,Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold,the view,that,teenagers,shouldnt spend too much time onlineThere is no scientific proof for,the idea,that,time travel,is possible.,_,_,The suggestion,that,Chinese students should be given,more free time,is welcomed by many people,especially,kids in school.,(1),他们表达他们要再来参观中国的愿望,They,expressed the hope,that they would come over to visit China again.,(,2),我们都知道地球围绕太阳转的事实,We,all know the truth,that the earth goes round the sun.,(,3),他啥也没说的事实使我们很吃惊,The,fact,that she had not said anything,surprised all of us.,(4),他们问我这工作值不值得做的问题,They asked me the question,whether the work was worth doing.,(5),这是否对的问题还没定论,The problem,whether it is right,or wrong,has not yet been decided.,我不知道她什么时候回来,I have no idea,when she will be back,.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that,作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；,that,引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea,that you were here,.,Have you got the idea（that）,this book gives you,of life in ancient Greece？,(that,引导同位语从句,不能省略）,(that,引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,试,比较：,He put forward the suggestion,that the second question should be discussed,first.,（同位语从句）,The suggestion,that he had put forward,was turn,down.,（定语从句）,注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别是：前者说明名词的内容，后者说明名词的性质特征；前者所用连词,that,不是从句的一个成分，后者所用关系代词,that,是从句中的一个成分。,下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳：,1.,语序在名词性从句中，从句一律使用陈述语序。特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句,(what,who,which,when,where,now,why,等,),不可用特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序。如：,(1)I wonder,who she is.,(2)The question is,when well,complete the works.,(3),Whether she is coming or not,doesnt matter too much.,2.,时态：,学习名词性从句时，除了要注意从句的引导词，语序等外，还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系。,(2),、在主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句中，也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性。关键要注意动作发生的先后关系。如：,(1)Who,will,be sent abroad,has not been,decided.,（主句是现在完成时，从句是一般将来时）,(2)The earth of today,is,not what it,was,millions of years ago.,（,主句是一般现在时，从句是一般过去时,),3,、几组易混引导词的区别,(1)What,与,that,在句词性从句中，,what,和,that,都可作关连词，其区别在于：,what,在从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语等）,因此在任何情况下都不能省略，表示“什么”，所,的事（物、话），相当于,the thing that,或,which,。,that,本身没有词汇意义，在名词从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中，宾语从句中的,that,经常省略。如：,(1),你所做的可能伤害别人,What,you have done might do harm to others.,(,2),所引起这个事故的是一个神奇,What,caused the accident is a complete mystery.,(,3),我认为你会喜欢这枚邮票,I,think(that)you will like the stamps.,(,1),直接与,or not,边用时，只用,whether,不用,if,I dont know,whether or not hell come.,(,2),介词后面的宾语从句用,whether,不用,if,Everything depends on,whether the situation will improve.,(2)whether,和,if,的区别：,whether,和,if,引导宾语从句时可以互换使用，但下列情况用,whether,不用,if,。,(3),引导的宾语从句放在句首时，,用,whether,不用,if,Whether he has stolen the money,I dont know.,（,5,）引导主语从句和表语从句以及同位语从句用,whether,不用,if,Whether well go depends on the weather.,The question is whether it is worth,doing.,(6),某些动词，如,discuss,等后习惯上只用,whether,引导宾语从句，不用,if,We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.,(,4)whether,可用在不定式前，,if,则不能,.,Please tell me,whether to go or notWhether,和,if,引导的宾语从句时，二者常可互换。,I dont know if/whether you are satisfied with your work.,引导否定的宾语从句时，通常用,if,不用,whether,I dont care if it doesnt rain.,注意,doubt,用于肯定结构时，后面用,whether/if,引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用,that,引导名词性从句。,be sure,用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接,that,引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接,whether/if,引导的名词性从句。,I dont doubt,that),you will succeed.,I dont know,whether/if,he will come tonight.,I doubt,if/whether,you will keep your promise.,(3),、,because,与,why,because,与,why,均可引导表语从句，但含义不同。,because,引导的表语从句说明理由。而,why,引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。如：,(1)I think its,because youre doing too much.,(2)He was ill.That is,why he was late for school.,(3),The reason why he was late was,that he was ill.,1,.The photographs will show you _（MET1989）,A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like,C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,2.,考查引导词,that,与,what,的区别,高考题例示：,1._we cant get seems better than _we have.(NMET1996),A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what,2.No one can be sure _ in a million years.(MET1991),what man will look like,B.what will man look like,C.man will look like what,D.what look will man like,3,.,考查,it,在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,高考题例示：,1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995),A.There B.This C.That D.,It,6.,考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题,高考题例示：,1.It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.(,上海,1993),A.masters B.should master,C.mastered D.will master,