(全国Ⅱ)16 语法知识探究(15) 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,语法知识探究,(15),特殊句式,(,倒装、强调与省略,),1.,本专题内容知识性强，主要涉及语言形式。除原先考查的热点,倒装句和强调句占考核内容的,50%,外，还有一批新的考点出现，知识类题目的结构复杂程度及考查知识面都有所增加。,2.,注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度。在考查强调句的同时与定语从句、省略句以及强调与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的区别等融合到一起，强调了学生综合把握语法知识能力。,一、倒装,1,下列情况句子需要全部倒装,(1),表示方位的副词,(,如,there,，,here,，,up,，,down,，,out,，,in,，,away,等,),位于句首，句子谓语是,go,，,come,，,run,等表示位置的动词，可将谓语动词全部置于主语之前。,There goes phone,again.It,s,not stopping ringing all morning.,电话铃又响了。整个上午都响个不停。,There goes the bell.,铃响了。,注意,：主语是人称代词时，主语仍置于动词之前。,Here he comes.,他来了。,(2),由一些表示方位的介词短语引起。,In the middle of the mountain lies a temple.,(3),一些作表语的形容词放在句首。,Seated in the lecture hall are hundreds of students.,2,下列情况需要部分倒装,(1),句子以,never,，,seldom,，,rarely,，,little,，,hardly,，,scarcely,等否定意义的副词以及,by no means,，,not until,，,not a word,，,not a single,等否定词开头的词组一般都用部分倒装语序。,Never in all my life have I felt so humiliated.,我这辈子从未感到如此受辱。,Not a word did he say at the last meeting.,在上次会议上他一句话都没说。,(2)hardly.when,，,no sooner.than,，,not only.but also,引导两个分句时，将前一个分句中的主谓作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。,Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.,他刚开口发言就被父亲制止了。,(3),当句子用,so,，,nor,，,neither,开头，来说明前面一句话中谓语表示的情况，也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装，这时谓语只是用助动词、情态动词或系动词来表示。其常见句型是：,so/neither/nor,be(have/do,等助动词或情态动词,),主语。,Frank adores dogs and so does his wife.,弗兰克非常爱狗，他妻子也一样。,She couldn,t work out the answer,，,and nor could I.,她算不出答案，我也算不出。,(4),当,only,所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。,Only when I see it with my only eyes do I believe it.,只有亲眼见到，我才相信。,(5),在,so/such.that引导的结果状语从句中，当为了强调把,so/such,提到句首时，主谓要倒装。,So moved was she that she could not say a word.,她激动得一句话也说不出来。,二、强调,1,强调句型的结构：,强调句的句型结构是：,It,is/was,被强调部分,that/who/whom,原句的剩余部分。,所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。,It is I who am right.(,强调主语,),是我对了。,It was him that/whom we met at the school gate.,(,强调宾语,),我们在学校门口见到的是他。,It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(,强调状语,),汤姆是在公园里丢了手表。,It was because her mother was ill that she didn,t go to work.,(,强调状语从句,),因为母亲病了，她才没有来上班。,2,强调句型应注意的要点：,(1),强调句型的一般疑问句只需把,is/was,提前。,Was it during the,AntiJapanese,War that he died?,他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？,(2),强调句型的特殊疑问句即对特殊疑问词进行强调，结构是：特殊疑问词,be,it,that/who,原句剩余部分。,Who was it that broke the window,？是谁打破了窗子？,What is it that you want me to do?,你想要我做的是什么？,3,如何判断强调句型：,判断“,It is.”,句型是否是强调句型主要是看能否将此句还原成一个完整的句子，即把,It is/was.that/who.,去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能线成一个完整的句子，那么该句就是强调句型，否则就不是。,It is there that he met one of his old friends.(,He met one of his old friends there.),他在那里遇到了一个老朋友。,以上就是强调句型，被强调部分是状语，去掉,It is.that.,后，可以还原成了一个完整的句子。,It is clear that not all the boys like football.,去掉,It is.that.,之后就成了“,Clear not all the boys like football.”,这很显然不是一个完整的句子，因此此句不是强调句型。,4,几组易混句型比较：,(1),强调句与“,It is/was,时间,when,从句”：,在这种句型中,it,指时间，,when,引导的是时间状语从句。,注意以下两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。,It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.,我昨天是半夜到家的。,It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.,我昨天到家时是半夜了。,第一句是强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；而第二句是一般句型，以名词的形式表达时间，用来作表语。,(2),强调句型与“,It is/has been,时间,since,从句”,It is/has been.since.,表示“自从,以来已有,(,时间,)注意以下两种句型的时态一般不同，句意也不同。,It was two years ago that I began to learn English.,我是两年前开始学英语的。,It is two years since I began to learn English.,我开始学英语有两年时间了。,第一句为强调句型，强调的是过去的时间，用一般过去时；而第二句表示“从过去到现在已经有多长时间”，用一般现在时或现在完成时。但要注意强调句同样也可以用一般现在时。,It is two hours that he spends on English every day.,他每天花两个小时学英语。,三、省略,1,在以,if,，,when,，,though,，,as if(,好像,),，,while,，,once,，,unless,，,until,等连词引导的从句中。,If(it is)necessary,，,we shall send a telegram home.,如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。,While(you are)cycling,，,don,t forget the traffic lights.,骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。,Errors,，,if(there are)any,，,should be corrected.,如果有什么错误，就应当改正。,The letter is to be left here until(it is)called for.,这封信留在这里待领。,2,不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号,to,。,(1),代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在,be afraid,，,expect,，,forget,，,hope,，,intend,，,like,，,love,，,mean,，,prefer,，,refuse,，,seem,，,try,，,want,，,wish,等后面。,I asked him to see the film,，,but he didn,t want to.,(2),在,have,，,need,，,ought,，,be going,，,used,等后面。,I didn,t want to go there,，,but I had to.,(3),在某些形容词,glad,，,happy,，,pleased,，,delighted,等后面。,Will you join in the game?,I,d be glad to.,(4),否定形式的省略用,not to,。,Shall I go instead of him?,I prefer not to.,(5),如果不定式中含有,be,，,have,，,have been,，通常保留,be,，,have,和,have been,。,Are you a sailor?No,，,but I used to be.,1,分不清倒装句与相似句型的区别,“,so,助动词主语”与“,so,主语助动词”无论形式还是意义上均有明显差别，前者表示“,也如此”，后者意为“的确如此”，一定要细心观察其不同之处。,Well,，,I do think the rabbit is a beautiful,，,gentle animal which can run very fast.,_.,A,So it is,B,So is it,C,So does it D,So it does,So it is,是对上文的肯定，理解为“的确如此”。,So is it,是倒装结构，意为“它也是”，显然与上句不符。故答案为,A,。,2,不了解特殊疑问句的强调句形式及意义,特殊疑问句的强调句形式为“特殊疑问词,is/was,it,that.”,，选什么特殊疑问词，要依据上下文的意思来确定。,_that he managed to get the information?,Oh,，,a friend of his helped him.,A,Where was it B,What was it,C,How was it D,Why was it,本句是强调句的特殊疑问形式。由答语“他的一位朋友帮助了他”判断，问句应为“他是如何得到这个消息的”。,C,项答案符合题意。由此可见上下文联系起来判断题意的重要性,强化训练,点击进入链接,