高考英语语法系列复习 定语从句七 新课标 人教版 试题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,课件中心版权所有,2006,2009,语法知识,定语从句,定语从句高考考点例析,The,Attributive,Clause,Complex sentence,复合句：,由,连词,连接两个或多个,主谓结构,的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子,的,主要部分（主句）,，另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作,某个成分,（如主语、宾语、表语、,定语,、状语、同位语）。,复合句,=,主句,+,定语从句,一个主谓结构是句子,的,主要部分（主句）,另一个或一个以上的主谓结构,只在句子中作,某个成分（定语）,The students,(,who,do not study hard,),will not pass the exam,.,主句主语,从句主语,从句谓语结构,主句谓语结构,在句子中作,定语,，修饰,名词,或,代词,的从句。这种从句由,关系代词,或,关系副词,引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做,嵌入句,，,因形容词定语，所以又称之为,形容词性从句,。,Attributive clause:,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定,语,从,句,的,引,导,词,关系,代词,关系,副词,指人,指物,who(,主语、宾语,),，,whom(,宾语,),，,that(,主语、宾语,),whose(,定语,),that(,主语、宾语,),which(,主语、宾语,),whose(,定语,),where(,地点状语,),when(,时间状语,),why(,原因状语,),Attributive clause:,限制性定语从句,restrictive,非限制性定语从句,non-restrictive,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从,句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。,和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。,I was,the only person,who was invited,.in my office,Jenny,with whom I played table tennis,yesterday,lives in my next room.,The man,who came here yesterday,has,come again.,That is,Mr.Wang,whose daughter,teaches English at a middle school,.,注意：,引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用,that,，,指,人,时用,who,(,主语,),whom,(,宾语,),，指,物,时须用,which,.,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,1,、找出定语从句中是否,主语和宾语都齐全,。如齐全,用关系副词,。,用什么关系副词看先行词。,I will never forget the days,(_ I stayed with you).,when,_,_,Jurassic Park is about a park,_(a very rich man keeps different,Kinds of dinosaurs).,_,_,where,1958 was the year,_(Spielberg made his first real film).,_,_,Please give me the reason,_(you made such a great success).,_,_,when,why,Morning is the best time,_(you practise reading aloud).,_,_,when,Do you remember the lake,_(you first met your girlfriend.）,_,_,where,2,、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物,动词，如是，用,关系代词，,如不是，用,关系副词。,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,Yesterday we went to visit the house,_(the great writer used,to live).,_,_,where,in which,The house,_(they built in 1987),stayed up in the earthquake,.,which,that,/,_,_,Luckily none of the people,_(I know),were killed in the,earthquake,.,who,whom,that,/,_,_,My father was born in the year,_(the Second World War,broke out).,_,_,in which,when,3,、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用,关系副词。,Kunming is a beautiful place,_(,flowers,are seen,all the,year round).,where,October 1,st,is the day,_(,new China,was founded,).,when,The window,(_,was opened,this morning),has been broken,.,Which,that,The meeting,(_,will be held,next week),is very important,.,Which,that,考点一,:,如何判定用,关系代词,还是用,关系副词,考点二,：,that,和,which,的,选择,(1)that,指物时一般可以与,which,互换，但在下列情况,引导词只用,that,，,不用,which,。,当先行词为,all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing,等不定代词时，如：,a.All,that can be done,has been done.,b.I am sure she has something,(that)you can borrow.,c.There is little,(that)the enemy can do,besides surrender.,先行词被,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,修饰时,：,Ive read,all,the books,(that)you gave me.,考点二,：,that,和,which,的,选择,先行词是,序数词,或,形容词最高级,修饰时。,This is,the best,book,(that),Ive ever read,.,This is,the first,composition,(that)he has written in English.,先行词被,the only,the very,the last,修饰时。,That white flower is,the only,one (that)I really like.,This is,the,very,book(that)I want to find.,当有两个或两个以上分别表示,人和物,的先行词时，这个定语从句要用,that,而不用,who(whom),和,which,引导。如：,He talked about the,teachers and schools,（that）he had visited.,先行词是疑问词,who,which,what,时，定语从句用,that,而不用,who,(whom),和,which,引导。,考点二,：,that,和,which,的,选择,Who is the person,that is standing at the gate?,Which of us,that knows something about physics,does not know this?,What,that is on the table,belongs to me?,当关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Mary is no longer the girl,(that)she used to be.,China is no longer the country,that it used to be.,Which,可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。,1 She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.,A.it B.which C.this D.that,2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.,A.what B.which C.that D.it,考点二,：,that,和,which,的,选择,（,2,）只用,which,的情况,B,B,考点三：,as,与,which,引导的定语从句,对这两个词作如下归纳：,1,、如果定语放主句后，即引用,as,也可以用,which.,He failed to the exam,as(=which)is natural.,She seems a scientist,as(=which)in fact she is.,Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.,2,、如果从句在主句前，这时要用,as,而不用,which,引导 定语从句。如：,As we all know,his parents were killed in the war.,As we all know,the earth is round,.,3.,用于,the sameas,suchas,，,asas,soas,中，,一般用,as,。,e.g.,Such,books,as you tell me,are interesting.,This is,the same,book,as I lent you yesterday.,4.as,代表前面主句意思时，有“正如,”,之意，而,which,没有此意思，从句中的动词常是,expect,know,see,think,want,suppose,等。,He won the match,as we had expected.,He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.,The police were looking for him,as he thought.,考点三：,as,与,which,引导的定语从句,Here is,so,big a stone,as no man can lift.,5.as,在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如,be known,，,be said,，,be reported,等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用,which,作主语。,e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.,Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.,6.,如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用,which.,a.He cheated his friend of mach money,which was very disgraceful.,b.He came back late,which made his mother worried.,考点三：,as,与,which,引导的定语从句,考点四：,关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词,:,1.,根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：,e.g.,Is that,the newspaper,for which,you often,write,articles?,2.,根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：,e.g.,Can you explain to me how to use these idioms,about which,Im sure.,3.,根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：,e.g.,1949 was the year,in which,the P.R.C.was founded.,4.,非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词,/,代词,+of+,关系代词”的结构，如：,e.g.,There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom,have been to Beijing.,5.Whose,从句可转换为“,of+,关系代词”型，如：,e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.,They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.,考点四：,关系代词前介词的确定,关系副词,when,where,why,可以用适当的,介词,which,来替代。如：,when,=,in/on/at+which,where,=,in/on/at+which,why=for+which,介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。,eg,.1.I wont forget,the date,when(on which),I was born.,2.This is,the room,where(in which),I lived.,=This is,the room,which,I lived,in.,3.I dont know,the reason,why(for which),he havent come today4.Tom still remembers,the days,when(in which),they lived in,Tianjin,.,考点四：,关系代词前介词的确定,思考？,是否所有的介词,+,关系代词都能用关系副词代替,?,The painting,(_ I looked),was painted by me,.,at which,The book,(_ I heard),was written twenty years ago,.,about which,The pen,(_ she wrote that book),can now be seen in,a museum.,with which,Kunming is a beautiful place,_ (flowers are seen all,the year round).,where/in which,I will never forgot the day,_ I first met you on the ship.,on which/when,during which,The film,(_I fell asleep),was very boring.,结论：,只有当介词,+,关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语,时，才能用关系副词代替。,Correct the sentences:,1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.,2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?,3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.,4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,(,去掉,),the one,_,to,_,which,5.The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.,_,that,5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.,6.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.,7.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.,8.It is the one of the best films which have been shown recently.,9.The third place which we are going to visit is,Hangzhou,10.Which is known to all,many satellite are going around in the sky.,_,as,_,Whose,that,_,that,_,_,that,_,As,练习题,1,、,All_ is useful to us is good.,A、which,B、what,C、that,D、whether,C,2,、,Is this factory _ we visited last,week.,A、where,B、that,C、which,D、the one,D,3,、,She will never forget the day_,she spent in Beijing.,A、when,B、what,C、which,D、why,C,4,、,This is the school _ my father,worked 20 years ago.,A、that,B、when,C、which,D、where,D,5,、,This is the very factory_we visited,last year.,A、that,B、which,C、what,D、the one,A,6,、,The text is one of the most interesting,stories_learnt in the past,three days.,A、that have,B、that have been,C、which has,D、which has been,B,7,、,The college wont take anyone _,eyesight is weak.,A、who,B、whose,C、of whom,D、which,B,8,、,Let me think of a proper situation,_ this sentence can be used.,A、where,B、that,C、of whom,D、which,A,9,、,The man _ you are talking is,in the next room.,A、to whom,B、about whom,C、about who,D、whom,B,10,、,This is the last factory _ he used to,work at,many workers of _ still,have a good relationship with him.,A、that;it,B、which;whom,C、that;which,D、which;that,C,11,、,Those _ to take part in the game,write down your names.,A、who,B、who want,C、what wants,D、want,B,12I,，,_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.,A、who is,B、what is,C、what am,D、who am,D,13,、,His walking stick,_ he cant,walk,was lost yesterday.,A、that,B、with which,C、which,D、without which,D,14,、,They have decided to finish their,work,_,I think is a wise choice.,A、that,B、what,C、which,D、whether,C,15,、,I dont like the way _ he,spoke to me.,A、by that,B、what,C、by which,D、/,D,16,、,This is the only thing _ I can,do now.,A、what,B、which,C、that,D、all,C,17,、,There are three libraries in our,school,_ were built five,years ago.,A、all of them,B、either of them,C、all of which,D、both of that,C,18He told me the reason _ he,didnt come here.,A、which,B、that,C、why,D、what,C,19,、,This is the reason _ he told me.,A、that,B、why,C、on which,D、for that,A,20,、,Which of the two cows _ you,keep produces more milk?,A、which,B、that,C、what,D、as,B,例析：定语从句易错点,易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用,e.g.,1.Ill never forget the dayswhen,I spent in New York with you.,2.Ill never forget the days,which,I visited New York with you.,易错点二：固定句式出错,e.g.1.Mary is so lovely girl,as,everybody loves her.,2.Mary is so lovely a girl,that,everybody loves.,易错点三：主语和谓语不一致的现象,e.g.1.Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.,2.Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.,易错点四：与强调句及其他句型的混合,e.g.1.Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?,2.Youd better make a mark at where you have any questions.,易错点五：对先行词概念不明确,e.g.1.Is this library that you visited yesterday?,2.Is this the library where you visited yesterday?,易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误,e.g.1.I dont like the way which you speak to her.,2.I dont care for pay.I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.,易错点 七：忽略,that,和,which,引导限定性定语从句的区别,e.g.1.This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.,2.Here are the samples that-had I thought of it-you could have taken with you yesterday.,易错点八,:,介词前置出错,e.g.1.The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.,2.Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.,易错点九：,which,和,whose,意义不明确,e.g.1.The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.,2.1.The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.,定语从句应特别注意的几个问题：,一、关系代词,which,e.g.1.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_ it will be completely finished.,A.by the time B.by which time C.that D.which,2.Water boils at 100 degree,_ it changes to gas.,A.at which time B.at which,C.by which temperature D.by which,二、关系代词,that,e.g.There is no one _ wishes peace.,A.who B.but C.that D.whom,三、定语从句与强调句及其他从句的混合,e.g.1.It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood.,A.which;that B.that;where,C.which;which D.where;that,2.The meeting was put off,_ was exactly _ we wanted.,A.which;whichB.as;that,C.which;what D.it;that,结束,