句子成分2.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成分和结构,S,V,Vt,Vi,lv,O,P,Subject 主语,Verb 谓语动词,Transitive verb 及物动词,Intransitive verb 不及物动词,Linking verb 连系动词,Object 宾语,Predicative 表语,2.A crane eats fish.,3.A Swan has a long thin neck.,4.A swallow has a forked tail.,1.A golden eagle is flying.,Subject,(主语),S 动作发出者,Verb,（谓语）,V 动作本身,Direct Object,（宾语）,DO 动作接受者,1.,S+V,主语+谓语 主谓结构,2.,S+V+O,主语+谓语+宾语 主谓宾结构,Vi 不及物动词,后面没有宾语,Vt 及物动词,后面必须有宾语,SV和SVO的注意点,1.They are running.,2.Jim can draw.,3.The baby pandas drink,milk.,4.We will read,English.,run draw vi,.(不及物 动词）,drink read,vt.（,及物动词）,注意:,1.谓语(,V,)具有各种不同时态;,进行时情态动词；现在时；以及将来时,2.在句中先找主语 subject 再找谓语部分,如是不及物动词，其后不能直接加宾语,如是及物动词，其后必须有宾语。,其后有没有宾语是S+V和S+V+O判断标志,3.如果对宾语提问使用疑问词what.,What do baby pandas drink?,What will we read?,1.,S+V,1.,S+V+O,动词+to do:learn/prepare/would like/need/have/,try/want/hope/plan/agree/choose/decide,这就是我们常见的 动词+to do 句型,动词+doing sth:,mind/finish/practise,这就是我们常见的 动词+doing 句型,动词+宾语从句:think/believe/,be sure/be afraid,/say/,know/,find,The government wants to protect the endangered birds.,S,V,O,I will finish doing homework soon.,S,V,O,I think that you can do the job.,S,V,O,I like the golden eagle.,It has a hooked beak.,It looks strongIt is lovely.,S,S,S,S,V,V,linking verbs,(系动词),DO,DO,P,（表语),Predicative,V,be,become,get,look smell,taste sound,feel ,1.,S+V(lv)+P,主语+谓语(系动词)+表语 主系表结构,三类系动词,表语三成分,1 The man is in the park.,2 He looks kind.,3 He is a kind man.,4 The singing of birds sounds beautiful.,5 The world will become better.,lv,lv,lv,lv,lv,P（介词短语）,P（adj）,P(adj),P（n名词短语）,P(adj形容词比较级),表语 P成分可以出现,形容词，名词，介词短语(形名介),常见的连系动词,1.表示,感觉,的动词5个-必须翻译为 起来,feel感到,excited;,smell,good;,taste,delicious;,sound,interesting;,look,happy,2.表示,变化,的动词6个：有固定的搭配,get,smaller;,grow,older;,become,stronger;,turn,yellow;,go,bad;,come,true,3.表示,状态保持,的动词：stay,healthy;,keep,warm;,remain保持,be(,am,is.are,was,were),是 ；seem似乎,必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊的含义时才是系动词。,易考的混淆点 一,The food tastes _(delicious).,S +V(lv)+P,I will taste the food _(good).,S+V(Vt)+O,His father looked _(angry),S+V(lv)+P,His father looked _(angry)at him.,S+V(Vi+介词)+O,delicious,well,angry,angrily,1 三类专门词，而且表达这种特殊含义才是系动词。有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性,易考的混淆点 一,1 He looks _ because his son is looking _ at the bird.,A happy,happily B happily,happily,C happily,happy D happily,happy,_,he can stay in Hongkong for two days.However,after he heard good news,he stayed very _.,A Luckily;calm B Lucky;calm,C Lucky;calmly D Luckily;calmly,A,1 三类专门词，而表达特殊的含义才是系动词。有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性,A,易考的混淆点 二,1 The food tastes _,A good B well,2 We should stay _ during the earthquake.,A calm B calmly,3 The young boy becomes _A more and more surprised adj,B more and more surprisedly adv,C more and more surprise n,good,calm,A,2 只有形容词名词介词短语才能去做系动词后面的表语，要根据含义上确定动词是不是系动词。,She often laughs.,2.She,is,laughing,now.,3.She will laugh soon.,4.She is singing happily.,She is singing a song.,She is a singer.She is happy.,(S+,V,+O),(S+,V,),(,S+,V,),(,S+,V,),(S+,V,),区分进行时态和SVP中lv是Be动词的情况,注意:,1,现在进行时,的谓语与主,系表结构,有区别:,关键要看be动词后接的是,实义动词ing形式,还是,表语(形名介).,(S+,V,+P),Happily adv修饰动词sing vi,A song 是名词做宾语 sing vt,a singer 名词表语 happy 形容词表语,一般现在时,现在进行时,一般将来时,谓语(,V,)具有各种不同时态,Judge the following sentences(T or F):,1.,Millie,is sleeping.,S V,2.,Ann,is,kind.,S V,3.,The idea,sounds,great,.,S V P,4.Amy is reading English.,S V DO,T,F,T,Ann,is,kind.,S V P,T,Zhalong looks beautiful.,We can see many birds.,Some people are watching birds.,They are birdwatchers.,Birdwatching is interesting.,S,V,S,DO,P,S,V,V,P,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,DO,S,V,S,V,P,分析句型结构,1.Birds,fly,.,2.He looks,young,.,3.He saw,a bird,in the tree.,4.It tastes,nice,.,V,P,DO,P,eg,:A swan,is swimming,.,判断划线部分属于什么成分,V,O,IO,DO,OC,Object 宾语,Indirect object 间接宾语,Direct object 直接宾语,Object complement 宾语补足语,S+V+DO+OC 主谓宾补结构和 S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾结构,We call the man David.,a zookeeper,S,V,DO,OC,(宾补),Object Complement,S,V,DO,OC,S,V,DO,OC,I make him angry.,He tells us to protect the birds,David,S+V+DO+OC,主谓+宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,We call,the man,David,DO,OC,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意,必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况,判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,S+V+DO+OC,主+谓+宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,the man,is,就是是否存在,逻辑上的主系表关系,David,此处为 名词宾补,可接 名词宾补的动词有call/make/name/find,I make,him,angry,DO,OC,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意,必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况,判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,主+谓+宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补He,is,就是是否存在,逻辑上的主系表关系,此处为 形容词宾补,可接 形容词宾补的动词有keep/make/find,We ofen find,him,in the zoo,DO,OC,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意,必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况,判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词,主+谓+宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,He,is,就是是否存在,逻辑上的主系表关系,此处为 介短宾补,可接 介短宾补的动词有keep/leave/find,He tells,us,to protect the birds,DO,OC,1 仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意,必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况就是我们常见的 动词+sb+to do 词组,主+谓+宾+宾补句型 简称 主谓宾补,此处为 动词不定式做宾补,He tells us to protect the birds.,常见的可接不定式宾补的动词有：,tell,ask,want,would like,wish,teach,invite,V+O +OC(V sb to do sth),My deskmate often makes me laugh.,常见的可接动词原形宾补的动词有：,have,let,make,使让词 see,hear,find,feel,watch 感觉类动词,V+O +OC(V sb do sth),He keeps me worrying.,常见的可接doing宾补的动词有：,Keep 和 see,hear,feel,watch,find感觉类动词,V+O +OC(V sb doing sth),I often hear David _ when I stay at home,but yesterday I was very angry because I heard him _ in his room at midnight.,A sing;sang B singing;singing,C sing;singing D sing;sing,2 You can keep _ every day to keep _.,A exercise healthy B exercising healthy,C exercising healthily D exercise healthy,C,感官类动词用动词原形和动词ing形式做宾补 含义不同,B,1 I find you clever.,2 We will make our country stronger and stronger.,3 They can keep the zoo clean.,4 Parents wish their children to study hard.,5 We often make the teachers help us.,DO,DO,DO,DO,DO,OC(adj),OC 形容词 比较级,OC adj,OC to do 不定式,OC 动词原形,常考的主谓宾补句型：,it was interesing to learn English.,一个非常特殊的句型,I found it interes,t,ing to learn English.,S,V,DO,OC,DO,形式宾语,简称形宾,真正宾语,简称真宾,这个句子在含义上等于:,I found it was interesing to learn English.,S,V,DO(用句子做宾语简称宾语从句),S,V(lv),S,P(形表),形式主语 简称形主,真正主语 简称真主,考点一：时态一致性,I found _ important to get ready for the coming examination.,A its B its C it was D that,C,I found that it was important to get,=I found(that)it was important to get,以上两句是 主谓宾从 SVO中 O宾语从句,=I found it important to get,上句是 主谓宾补,答案可以是 it it was its=it is 不对,考点一：时态一致性,He was very interesting.,We found him very interesting.,S,V,DO,宾语宾格,OC,这个句子在含义上等于:,We found he was very interesting.,S,V,DO(用句子做宾语简称宾语从句),S 主语主格,V(lv),P(形表),考点二：主格宾格,We thought _ clever.,A she B she is C her D her was,C,We thought(that)she was clever.,上句是 主谓宾从 she 用主格,We thought her clever.,上句是 主谓宾补 her 用宾格,答案可以是 she was 而非 her was,也可是 her 而非 she,考点一：时态一致性,we shouldnt give any food.,the birds,S,V,DO（直接宾语)Direct object,IO,(,间接宾语,),Indirect Object,He tells me some rules.,IO,V,S,DO,sb.,Sth.,S+V+IO+DO,主+谓+间宾+直宾句型 简称 主谓双宾结构,Zhalong gives,I pass,He bought,birds,an ideal home,him,a book,his son,a present.,IO,DO,IO,DO,IO,DO,to,to,for,IO?,有生命,的名词(人或动物）sb,DO?,没有生命,的名词（事物）sth,双宾语结构中有两个宾语，判断标准是,可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to/for,S+V+IO+DO,主语+谓语+双宾（直接宾语+间接宾语）,1,give,me money,2,pass,me a ball,3,show,me your watch,4,sell,me the book,5,send,him a letter,6,teach,her English,7,tell,me a story,8,lend,me your eraser,1,buy,me a present,2,make,me damplings,3,cook,her meals,1 give money to me,2 pass a ball to me,3 show your watch to me,4 sell the book to me,5 send a letter to him,6 teach English to her,7 tell a story to me,8 lend your eraser to me,to 型双宾语结构,for 型双宾语结构,1 buy a present for me,2 make damplings for me,3 cook meals for her,几个特殊句型,Read a book for me 为我读一本书,Read a book to me 读一本书给我听,Bring a map for me 为我去带一幅地图,Bring a map to me 带来一幅地图给我,S+V+IO+DO,or,S+V+DO+OC,?,They passed us some apples.,The shopkeeper sold me a ruler.,We name the panda,Xiwang,.,The teacher often makes us laugh.,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+DO+OC,SV+DO+OC,passed,sold,name,makes,主谓双宾语结构判断标准是,可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to/for,主谓宾补结构判断标准是能否在O和OC 之间加 Be 动词构成主系表结构,或则找出Verb+sb to do 等动词宾补结构,S,V,+,1.,V,S,+,+,P,3.,V,S,DO,+,+,2.,V,S,DO,+,+,IO,+,4.,V,S,DO,OC,+,+,+,5.,Linking,verb,sb,sth,逻辑上的主系表关系,for,to,1.S +,V,.,2.S +,V,+,P,.,3.S +,V,+,O,.,4.S +,V,+,IO,+,DO,.,5.S +,V,+,O,+,OC,.,主+谓,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,主,+,谓,+,双宾,特别注意的要点：,1谓语动词V成分，是包含时态和情态动词的,2 及物动词和不及物动词的标志是后面可否接宾语,3 S+V+P结构中的V是l-v 系动词有保持型，变化型和感觉型三种,4 S+V+P结构中的表语有名词，形容词，介词短语,5 双宾语结构中有两个宾语，标准是可否转换为to型和for型句型结构,6 主谓宾补结构判断标准是在O和OC中间可否加be动词,转换为主系表结构 OC 和 P相似 有形名介三种,1 People call Zhalong Birds Home.,2 The government built the nature reserve.,3 The sparrow is flying.,4 The reserve gives wildlife an ideal home.,5 The crane looks beautiful.,6 The students are counting the birds.,7 Sandy thought herself a good birdwatcher.,8 I found the article on wildlife interesting.,S+V+DO+OC,S+V+DO,S+V,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+P,S+V+DO,S+V+DO+OC,S+V+DO+OC,P81 A,3 Many boys are running.,1 I feel excited.,4 He gave Tom a present.,5 I find it interesting.,6 Music sounds beautiful.,7 I am a student.,8 She bought a pen for me.,9 I saw her dance.,2 They are watching TV.,1,S,+,V,+,P,2,S,+,V,+,DO,3,S,+,V,4,S,+,V+,IO+DO,5,S,+,V,+,P,6,S,+,V,+,P,7,S,+,V,+,P,8,S,+,V+,IO+DO,9,S,+,V+,DO+,OC,10.I call him,LiMing,.,10,S,+,V+,DO+,OC,He gave me a book.,He calls me Tom.,DO,OC,+,IO,DO,+,5.We call the panda XiWang.,3.I found it important.,1.Lily brings me a present.,2.People call Zhalong Birds Home.,4.Zhalong brings the wildlife an ideal home.,6.She thought the swan beautiful.,IO,DO,+,DO,OC,+,IO,DO,+,DO,OC,+,DO,OC,+,Play a game,eg:,DO,OC,+,5.,Mary,gave,Sandy a book,.,S V P,6.,They,call,me,Tom,.,S V IO DO,F,F,Mary,gave,Sandy,a book,.,S V IO DO,They,call,me,Tom,.,S V DO oc,It was a fine day.Our class went to Zhalong,together.,Zhalong was a nature reserve.We,saw many birds fly in the sky.They looked,beautiful.But the keeper told us some rules.,He asked us to protect the wildlife and we,shouldnt give any food to birds.I found,the trip interesting.,After birdwatching,A diary,A diary,It was a fine day.Our class went to Zhalong,together.,Zhalong was a nature reserve.We,saw many birds fly in the sky.They looked,beautiful.But the keeper told us some rules.,He asked us to protect the wildlife and we,shouldnt give any food to birds.I found,the trip interesting.,S,V,P,After birdwatching,S,V,DO,S,V,P,S,V,DO,OC,S,P,V,S,V,IO,DO,S,V,DO,OC,S,V,DO,IO,S,V,DO,OC,Thank you!,1 Tom的父亲正在愤怒地朝他喊叫。,是什么使得他如此生气呢？,2 Tom 过去认为我当时不高兴。,3 我发现他们是真正的爱鸟者。,我经常看见他们喂他们的鸟。,4 他是一个歌手而且他正在唱一首歌。,5 我经常听见David在家里唱歌，但是昨天我听见他在半夜唱歌。,6 你可以持续锻炼来保持健康。,1 Toms father is shouting at him,angrily,.What,makes,him,so angry,？,3 I,find them,real,bird lovers.I find(that),they are,real We often,see them feed,their pet birds.,2 Tom,thought(that),I was,unhappy then.Tom,thought,me,unhappy,then,.,4 He is,a singer,and he is s,inging,a song now.,5 I,often,hear,David,sing,at home,but yesterday I,heard,him,singing midnight,.,6 You can,keep exercising,to,keep healthy,The birdwatcher thought himself very lucky.,The nature reserve gives the birds a perfect place to live.,The people were hapy.,Birds fly.,The boy saved a rare bird.,S+V+DO+OC,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+P,S+V,S+V+DO 课本P81,6.She spoke very softly.,7.He bought a T-shirt.,8.Jay named his dog Bobby.,9.She looks lovely.,10.He gave Mary a present.,(S+,V,+,IO,+,DO,.),(S+,V,.),(S+,V,+,DO,.),(S+,V,+,DO,+,OC,.),(S+,V,+,P,.),I.Give the right sentence structures.,II.Finish the exercise of Part A on Page81.,She laughed.,2.He bought a T-shirt.,3.We must keep the classroom lean.,4.She looks lovely.,5.He gave Mary a present.,S+,V,.),(S+,V,+,DO,.),(S+,V,+,DO,+,OC,.),(S+,V,+,P,.),(S+,V,+,IO,+,DO,.),IV.Give the right sentence structures.,6.The teacher is marking the tests.,7.They thought John the best actor.,8.I find the article interesting.,(S+,V,+,DO,.),(S+,V,+,DO,+,OC,.),(S+,V,+,DO,+,OC,.),(S+,V,+,DO,.),(S+,V,+,DO,+,OC),(S+,V,+,P,.),(S+,V,+,DO,+,OC,.),9.Many teenagers have an unhealthy diet.,10.An unhealthy diet makes your body weak.,11.They are unhappy.,12.They find their homework difficult.,13.They are tired.,14.Some of them cry.,15.Teenagers have many hobbies.,16.Many teenagers write me letters.,(S+,V,+,P,.)S+,V,.),(S+,V,+,DO,.),(S+,V,+,IO,+DO.),常考的主谓宾补句型：请找出宾补,1 We name our city Yangzhou.,2 The students make Daniel monitor.,3 Everyone should make the classroom clean.,4 Millie found the movie very interesting.,5 I left the book at home.,6 They finally found the pen under the book.,常考的主谓宾补句型：请找出宾补,1 My teacher let the boy stand an hour.,2 I heard him sing a song last night.,3 Who will you have go with us?,4 I watch our team playing football.,5 I heard him singing at 12 last night.,6 My mother keeps me waiting an hour.,7 We saw Kitty dancing at that moment.,8 I would like/want you to do a bird count.,9 Mr.Tang teaches me how to read a book.,